| 词条 | James Robert Drummond |
| 释义 |
|name= Sir James Drummond |image= |image_size= |alt= |caption= |birth_date= {{birth date|1812|09|15|df=yes}} |death_date= {{Death date and age|1895|10|07|1812|09|15|df=yes}} |birth_place= |death_place= |placeofburial= |nickname= |allegiance= {{flag|United Kingdom}} |branch= {{navy|United Kingdom}} |serviceyears= 1826–1877 |rank= Admiral |servicenumber= |unit= |commands= Mediterranean Fleet {{HMS|Maeander|1840|6}} {{HMS|Victory|1765|6}} {{HMS|Albion|1842|6}} {{HMS|Tribune|1853|6}} {{HMS|Retribution|1844|6}} {{HMS|Scout|1832|6}} |battles= Crimean War |awards= Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath |relations= Major General Laurence Drummond (son) |laterwork= }} Admiral Sir James Robert Drummond {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|GCB}} (15 September 1812 – 7 October 1895) was a Royal Navy officer who commanded several ships in the Black Sea Fleet during the Crimean War and who commanded the Mediterranean Fleet from 1874 to 1877 before going on to be Fourth Naval Lord. Naval careerBorn the second of the eight children of James Drummond, 8th Viscount Strathallan and Lady Amelia Sophia Drummond (née Murray),[1][2] Drummond joined the Royal Navy on 2 February 1826. He was promoted to lieutenant on 27 December 1832, and to commander on 9 June 1838.[3] As a commander he took command of the 18-gun sailing sloop {{HMS|Scout|1832|6}} in the Mediterranean in 1841.[4] Promoted to captain in 1846,[3] in 1852 he took charge of the 1st-Class wooden paddle-frigate {{HMS|Retribution|1844|6}}, which had 10-guns and also served in the Mediterranean.[5] Under his command the Retribution, which was listed as having 28 guns,[6] participated in the first bombardment of Sevastapol on 17 October 1854 during the Crimean War. During the bombardment, Retribution towed or was coupled broadside to the 120-gun sailing line-of-battle ship {{HMS|Trafalgar|1841|6}}. Later that year, Drummond was appointed captain of the 31-gun wooden screw-corvette {{HMS|Tribune|1853|6}},[7] and the following year to the 2nd rate, 2-decker 90-gun sail line-of-battle ship {{HMS|Albion|1842|6}}, both of which ships formed part of the Black Sea Fleet.[8] In March 1856 he became Captain of {{HMS|Victory|1765|6}}, flagship of Vice Admiral George Francis Seymour, Portsmouth,[9] and in December of that year he was transferred to the 5th-rate 44-gun sailing frigate {{HMS|Maeander|1840|6}}, for coast guard service.[10] In May 1857 Drummond was appointed Private Secretary to Sir Charles Wood, the First Lord of the Admiralty and was then himself appointed Fourth Naval Lord from March 1858.[1][3] In December 1858 he was appointed as Commodore in {{HMS|Fisgard|1819|6}}, as Commander-in-Chief, Woolwich.[3] Fisgard was an old 5th-rate 46-gun sailing frigate, which had been hulked in 1847.[11] Captain Drummond was again Fourth Naval Lord from June 1861 to July 1866, and was promoted to Rear Admiral in January 1864.[2][12] He was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath on 24 May 1873, and was promoted to Vice Admiral on 2 June 1877.[3] He commanded the Mediterranean Fleet from 13 January 1874 to 15 January 1877.[13] His flagship was initially {{HMS|Lord Warden|1865|6}} and later {{HMS|Hercules|1868|6}}.[3] He was promoted to admiral on 22 January 1877 and retired on 16 September 1877, the day after his 65th birthday. He was appointed a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath on 23 April 1880.[3] In retirement he served as Gentleman Usher of the Black Rod.[14] FamilyDrummond married Catherine Francis Elliot, daughter of Admiral Sir George Elliot and Eliza Cecilia Ness, on 5 February 1856. They had one child, Laurence George Drummond, born on 13 March 1861, who became a soldier.[1] Catherine Drummond died on 20 April 1914.[1] See also
References1. ^1 2 3 The Peerage.Com {{s-start}}{{s-mil}}{{s-bef|before=Sir Frederick Pelham }}{{s-ttl|title=Fourth Naval Lord |years=1858–1859}}{{s-aft|after=Sir Swynfen Carnegie}}2. ^1 Drummond family 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 James Robert Drummond on-line biography. 4. ^HMS Scout 5. ^HMS Retribution 6. ^Account of Naval Operations in the Russian War 7. ^HMS Tribune 8. ^HMS Albion 9. ^HMS Victory 10. ^HMS Meander 11. ^p119 Lyon, David, The Sailing Navy List, All the Ships of the Royal Navy – Built, Purchased and Captured – 1688–1850, pub Conway, 1993. {{ISBN|0-85177-617-5}} 12. ^James Robert Drummond on-line biography 13. ^Principal Royal Navy Commanders-in-Chief 1830–1899 14. ^Uk Parliament |-{{s-bef|before=Charles Frederick }}{{s-ttl|title=Fourth Naval Lord |years=1861–1866}}{{s-aft|after=Sir John Dalrymple-Hay}} |-{{Succession box|title=Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean Fleet|before=Sir Hastings Yelverton|after=Sir Geoffrey Hornby|years=1874–1877}} |-{{s-gov}}{{succession box | title=Black Rod | before=Sir William Knollys | after=Sir Michael Biddulph | years=1883–1895}} {{s-end}}{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2012}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Drummond, James Robert}} 9 : 1812 births|1895 deaths|Royal Navy personnel of the Crimean War|Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath|Lords of the Admiralty|Royal Navy admirals|Younger sons of viscounts|Gentlemen Ushers|Gentlemen Ushers of the Black Rod |
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