| 词条 | Janet Scudder | ||||||
| 释义 |
| bgcolour = #ddddd4 | name = Janet Scudder | image = Janet Scudder.jpg | imagesize = 25dgtjrfdhnvvfsfjfdva.kzdufdv cvbnckvl n | alt = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{Birth date|1869|10|27}} | birth_place = Terre Haute, Indiana | death_date = {{Death date and age|1940|06|09|1869|10|27}} | death_place = Rockport, Massachusetts | nationality = | field = Sculpture | training = Rose Polytechnic Institute of Technology, Cincinnati Art Academy, Académie Colarossi | movement = | works = | patrons = | influenced by = | influenced = | awards = | website = }} Janet Scudder (October 27, 1869 – June 9, 1940) was an American sculptor. Early life and educationBorn Netta Deweze Frazee in Terre Haute, Indiana, Scudder had a childhood marred by tragedy.[1] Her father, William Hollingshead Scudder, was a confectioner who was active in community affairs. Her mother, Mary Sparks, died at 38 and four of her seven siblings died before they reached adulthood. Scudder was raised by Hannah Hussey, the family maid, cook and nurse, with whom she did not get along.[2] As a child Scudder studied drawing under Professor William Ames of Rose Polytechnic Institute of Technology, now Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology.[2] Despite his fragile financial resources, her father enrolled her in the Cincinnati Art Academy so she could study sculpture with Louis Rebisso.[1] She focused on woodcarving and adopted the given name "Janet".[2] Her father, William Scudder, died September 15, 1888, while his precocious daughter was teaching woodcarving at Coates College for Women in Terre Haute. SculptureScudder moved to Chicago in 1891, and was briefly employed as a wood carver in a furniture factory – a job she ultimately lost because the union did not permit women members. She found work with the sculptor Lorado Taft as an assistant, making $5 a day working on monumental sculptures for the Chicago World's Fair.[3] She was one of a group of women sculptors and assistants nicknamed the White Rabbits.[1] Scudder was also commissioned to create a figure of Justice for the Illinois state building and a sculpture of a nymph for Indiana.[4] After seeing Frederick W. MacMonnies' fountain "the Barge of State" at the World's Fair, she decided to go to Paris and work for him. She was the first woman to be employed at his atelier.[1] While in Paris Scudder also studied at the Académie Vitti and at the Académie Colarossi.[5][6] In 1896, after two years in Paris, Scudder returned to America and tried and failed to find work as a sculptor. Her friendship with fellow art student Matilda Auchincloss Brownell led to Scudder's first serious commission to design the seal for the New York Bar Association, an opportunity made possible by Brownell's father Silas B. Brownell, who was the Secretary of the New York Bar Association from 1878-1916.[7] [8] From that point on she had steady work sculpting portrait medallions, architectural ornament, and funerary urns.[4] In 1898 Scudder returned to Paris with Brownell, then spent a year traveling through Italy where she found fresh inspiration in the cherubic figures of Donatello and Verrocchio.[6] She began making amusing sculptures and fountains featuring lively children, her "water babies." With works like Frog Fountain, Scudder became one of the most prolific and successful makers of garden sculptures.[1] She was frequently commissioned to make them for the homes of wealthy Americans like John D. Rockefeller and Henry Huntington.[4] In Paris Scudder's social circle grew to include Gertrude Stein, Alice B. Toklas, Mildred Aldrich, and Eve Mudocci.[9] Malvina Hoffman worked as her studio assistant.[10] Scudder was a feminist and suffragette who frequently marched in parades and demonstrations involved with women's issues. She opposed having separate exhibitions for male and female artists and disliked being described as a woman artist.[11] She was a member of the art committee of the National American Women Suffrage Association.[4] Scudder was elected an associate of the National Academy of Design in 1920, and was named a Chevalier of the French Legion of Honor for her relief work during World War I. She published an autobiography, Modeling My Life, in 1925.[4] A portrait of Scudder in the National Academy of Design collection was painted by Margaret Bucknell Pecorini.[12] Scudder lived in Paris until 1939, when she returned to New York to reside with her companion, author Marion Benedict Cothren. She died of pneumonia on June 9, 1940 in Rockport, Massachusetts.[3] Selected workFurther reading
References1. ^1 2 3 4 {{Cite book|title=American Women Artists|last=Rubinstein|first=Charlotte S.|publisher=G.K. Hall & Co|year=1982|isbn=|location=Boston, MA|pages=94}} 2. ^1 2 {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rVLOhGt1BX0C&pg=RA2-PA252&dq=%22janet+scudder%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwikrpea54LXAhWE6iYKHVNHCSEQ6AEILDAB#v=onepage&q=%22janet%20scudder%22&f=false|title=Notable American Women, 1607–1950: A Biographical Dictionary|last=College|first=Radcliffe|date=1971|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=9780674627345|language=en}} 3. ^1 {{Cite news|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1940/06/11/113090672.pdf|title=JANET SCUDDER, SCULPTOR, DIES, 66; One of the World's Foremost Women in Field Succumbs in Summer Home FAMOUS FOR FOUNTAINS Works Shown in 14 Museums --Had Lived in Paris for 45 Years--Also a Painter Returned Here Last Fall Worked at Chicago Fair of '93 Some of Her Sculptures Aided French in Two Wars|access-date=2017-10-21|language=en}} 4. ^1 2 3 4 {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=slQEFSrX3ooC&pg=PA525&dq=%22janet+scudder%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwikrpea54LXAhWE6iYKHVNHCSEQ6AEIQjAF#v=onepage&q=%22janet%20scudder%22&f=false|title=American Sculpture in the Metropolitan Museum of Art: A catalogue of works by artists born between 1865 and 1885|last=N.Y.)|first=Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York|last2=Dimmick|first2=Lauretta|last3=Hassler|first3=Donna J.|date=1999|publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art|isbn=9780870999239|language=en}} 5. ^{{citation|title=Vitti, ??-??|url=http://www.whistler.arts.gla.ac.uk/correspondence/people/biog/?bid=Vitti_1&initial=V|ref={{harvid|Vitti, ??-??}}|work=The Correspondence of James McNeill Whistler|publisher=University of Glasgow|accessdate=2017-07-17}} 6. ^1 {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rVLOhGt1BX0C&pg=RA2-PA252&dq=%22janet+scudder%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwikrpea54LXAhWE6iYKHVNHCSEQ6AEILDAB#v=onepage&q=%22janet%20scudder%22&f=false|title=Notable American Women, 1607–1950: A Biographical Dictionary|last=College|first=Radcliffe|date=1971|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=9780674627345|language=en}} 7. ^https://www.nycbar.org/about/governance/presidents-and-officers 8. ^https://books.google.com/books?id=S_xvDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA365&dq=matilda+brownell&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiI5-XepLTfAhWK3oMKHUkbABgQ6AEINzAD#v=onepage&q=matilda%20brownell&f=false 9. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l5lWKk05X-UC&pg=PA392&dq=%22janet+scudder%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwikrpea54LXAhWE6iYKHVNHCSEQ6AEISTAG#v=onepage&q=%22janet%20scudder%22&f=false|title=Irresistible Dictation: Gertrude Stein and the Correlations of Writing and Science|last=Meyer|first=Steven|date=2003|publisher=Stanford University Press|isbn=9780804749305|language=en}} 10. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PHH45aYubp4C&pg=PR20#v=onepage&q=scudder&f=false|title=Paintings and Sculpture in the Collection of the National Academy of Design: 1826-1925|last=Dearinger|first=David Bernard|last2=(U.S.)|first2=National Academy of Design|date=2004|publisher=Hudson Hills|isbn=9781555950293|language=en}} 11. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=804zDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA104&dq=%22janet+scudder%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi2obKz7oLXAhVE7yYKHecIABg4ChDoAQhIMAY#v=onepage&q=%22janet%20scudder%22&f=false|title=Equal Under the Sky: Georgia O’Keeffe and Twentieth-Century Feminism|last=Grasso|first=Linda M.|date=2017|publisher=University of New Mexico Press|year=|isbn=9780826358820|location=|pages=|language=en}} 12. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PHH45aYubp4C&pg=PR20|title=Paintings and Sculpture in the Collection of the National Academy of Design: 1826–1925|author1=David Bernard Dearinger|author2=National Academy of Design (U.S.)|publisher=Hudson Hills|year=2004|isbn=978-1-55595-029-3|pages=20–}} External links
19 : 1869 births|1940 deaths|American feminists|American women sculptors|American suffragists|Sculptors from Indiana|Artists from Chicago|People from Terre Haute, Indiana|People from Rockport, Massachusetts|Art Students League of New York alumni|Sculptors from Massachusetts|19th-century American sculptors|20th-century American sculptors|20th-century American women artists|National Sculpture Society members|Académie Colarossi alumni|19th-century American women artists|Sculptors from New York (state)|Sculptors from Illinois |
||||||
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。