| 词条 | Jan Mayensfield |
| 释义 |
| name = Jan Mayensfield | nativename = | image = | IATA = | ICAO = ENJA | type = Military | owner = | operator = Norwegian Armed Forces | location = Olonkinbyen, Jan Mayen, Norway | elevation-f = 39 | elevation-m = 12 | website = | coordinates = {{coord|70|57|40|N|008|34|33|W|region:NO|display=inline,title}} | pushpin_map = Europe | pushpin_relief = yes | pushpin_mapsize = 250 | pushpin_label = ENJA | pushpin_label_position = bottom | pushpin_map_caption = {{larger|Location on a map of Europe{{hidden begin|title=Location on a map of the Arctic}}{{Location map |Arctic |relief=yes |width=250 |float=center |caption= |mark=Airplane silhouette.svg |marksize=10 |label=ENJA |position=top |lat_deg=70|lat_min=57|lat_sec=40|lat_dir=N |lon_deg=008|lon_min=34|lon_sec=33|lon_dir=W}}{{hidden end}}}} | metric-rwy = yes | r1-number = 06–24 | r1-length-m = 1,500 | r1-length-f = 4,921 | r1-surface = Dirt | footnotes = }} Jan Mayensfield {{airport codes||ENJA}} is an aerodrome serving Olonkinbyen in Jan Mayen, Norway. Operated by the Norwegian Armed Forces, it serves the island's only population at the combined military and meteorological station. It has a {{convert|1500|m|0|sp=us|adj=on}} dirt runway numbered 06–24. The airfield was built in connection with the LORAN-C transmitter at Olonkinbyen and was completed in 1960. Jan Mayensfield is served eight times per year by Lockheed C-130 Hercules aircraft of the 335 Squadron from Bodø Main Air Station, which provide supplies and change crew at the outpost. The nearby Beerenberg volcano can cause a Kármán wind, which creates difficult landing conditions. HistoryNorth Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the Norwegian Armed Forces started construction of a military communications outpost at Olonkinbyen in 1958. At first a LORAN-A transmitter was built,[1] followed by a LORAN-C transmitter in 1960.[2][2] In August, it was announced that the island would receive an airfield to allow continual operation of the transmitter.[3] Originally, the aerodrome consisted of a {{convert|1200|by|30|m}} section of the island's dirt road. This was chosen to reduce the bureaucracy of construction. The first aircraft to land was a Consolidated PBY Catalina of the Royal Norwegian Air Force on 17 September 1960.[4]The first civilian aircraft was a Douglas DC-4 operated by Braathens SAFE, which landed with some journalists on board on 29 October 1961.[4] Other early aircraft operating to Jan Mayen were the Grumman HU-16 Albatross and the Douglas DC-6.[5] The head officer of the Norwegian military's communications division was later criticized by Chief of Defence Bjarne Øen, who concluded: "Gentlemen, I will not have any further construction of airports on Norwegian soil by the Communications Division without the plans being presented to the Central Command."[4] The field was named Jan Mayensfield, in part as a joke having the movie star Jayne Mansfield in mind, but this name stuck.[6] In 1970, a sudden eruption in Beerenberg forced the immediate evacuation of the station. A Hercules was dispatched to the island and successfully landed on the strip. Thereafter the Hercules became the regular military aircraft at Jan Mayen.[7] Aircraft gradually took over more of the transport to the island, and from 1973 all supplies except diesel and special freight was transported by ship.[4] From 1975 the 333 Squadron would occasionally drop mail and supplies using the P-3 Orion as a supplement to the landings of the Hercules.[8] FacilitiesJan Mayensfield's single regular service is the Royal Norwegian Air Force's Lockheed C-130 Hercules,[9] which operate to the island eight times per year.[10] The aircraft are part of the 335 Squadron, based at Gardermoen Air Station,[9] although the flights from Jan Mayen operate from Bodø Main Air Station.[11] The runway is not open for commercial traffic,[12] although it can be used for research and search and rescue operations.[5] The dirt runway is {{convert|1500|by|30|m|0|sp=us}} being aligned 06–24.[13] Jan Mayensfield has variable weather conditions, a lot of fog and often has a Kármán wind. The Kármán wind is created in the wake of the Beerenberg volcano, resulting in regular vortex streets and lee-waves. This can cause sudden change to the wind direction on the island.[5] Accidents and incidentsIn 1991, a C-130 Hercules aircraft from the Royal Norwegian Air Force almost crashed after take off due to Kármán wind suddenly shifting.[5] A World War II plane crash site is also near the airfield.[14] References1. ^Barr (1991): 236 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.loran-history.info/jan_mayen/jan_mayen.htm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2015-11-11 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151014001413/http://www.loran-history.info/jan_mayen/jan_mayen.htm |archivedate=2015-10-14 |df= }} 3. ^Barr (1991): 247 4. ^1 2 3 4 Barr (1991): 245 5. ^1 2 3 {{cite web |url=http://www.jan-mayen.no/airfield.htm |title=Airfield |publisher=Jan-Mayen.no |date=9 April 2006 |accessdate=4 March 2012 |archivedate=4 March 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/65uYucsG2?url=http://www.jan-mayen.no/airfield.htm |deadurl=no |language=Norwegian |df= }} 6. ^Etablering av Loran på Jan Mayen (in Norwegian) 7. ^Arheim (1994): 132 8. ^Arheim (1994): 116 9. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.mil.no/start/article.jhtml?articleID=29551 |title=Gamle, men gode transportfly |publisher=Norwegian Armed Forces |date=31 October 2002 |accessdate=10 September 2010 |archivedate=23 April 2004 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040423120416/http://www.mil.no/start/article.jhtml?articleID=29551 |language=Norwegian}} 10. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.fylkesmannen.no/fagom.aspx?m=28455&amid=1156635 |title=Jan Mayens historie |publisher=County Governor of Nordland |date=1 June 2007 |accessdate=9 October 2012 |archivedate=9 October 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6BIHMZ5iC?url=http://www.fylkesmannen.no/fagom.aspx?m=28455&amid=1156635 |deadurl=yes |language=Norwegian |df= }} 11. ^Barr (1991): 254 12. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.jan-mayen.no/visit.htm |title=How to visit Jan Mayen |publisher=Jan-Mayen.no |date=9 October 2006 |accessdate=9 October 2012 |archivedate=9 October 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6BIHYlWej?url=http://www.jan-mayen.no/visit.htm |deadurl=no |language=Norwegian |df= }} 13. ^{{cite web |url=http://generator.firmanett.no/%28raiaulqdi5aths245ucxnbnm%29/generator.aspx?PID=177051&M=0 |title=Jan Mayen, Jan Mayensfield |publisher=Norske Flyplasser |language=Norwegian |accessdate=9 October 2012}} 14. ^{{cite web|url=http://home.online.no/~vteigen/planecrash.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2012-07-11 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121004043357/http://home.online.no/~vteigen/planecrash.html |archivedate=2012-10-04 |df= }} Bibliography
{{Airports in Norway}}{{Royal Norwegian Air Force}}{{Jan Mayen}} 5 : Royal Norwegian Air Force airfields|Airports in Jan Mayen|Jan Mayen|Airports established in 1960|1960 establishments in Norway |
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