| 词条 | Japanese cruiser Natori | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
Construction and careerEarly careerNatori was completed at Mitsubishi's Nagasaki shipyard on 15 September 1922. Soon after commissioning, Natori was assigned to patrols off the China coast. From 1938, the cruiser was based in Taiwan, and helped cover the landings of Japanese troops in southern China. In 1940, a border dispute between Siam and French Indochina erupted into armed conflict. A Japanese-sponsored "Conference for the Cessation of Hostilities" was held at Saigon and preliminary documents for a cease-fire between the governments of General Philippe Pétain's Vichy France and the Kingdom of Siam were signed aboard Natori on January 31, 1941. Early stages of the Pacific WarOn 26 November 1941, Natori became flagship of Rear Admiral Kenzaburo Hara's Destroyer Squadron 5[2] under Vice Admiral Ibo Takahashi's Third Fleet[3] and was assigned to the No.1 Surprise Attack Unit of the Philippine Seizure Force. At the time of the attack on Pearl Harbor, Natori was escorting six transports carrying elements of the IJA's 48th Infantry Division from Mako, Pescadores to Aparri, northern Luzon. The landing force was attacked by three USAAF B-17 Flying Fortress bombers of the 14th Squadron on 10 December 1941, which slightly damaged Natori and the escorting destroyer {{ship|Japanese destroyer|Harukaze|1922|2}} with near misses. After minor repairs at Mako, Natori ferried 27 transports with the 47th Infantry Regiment of the 48th Infantry Division and the 4th Tank Regiment to Lingayen Gulf in late December. On 26 December 1941, Natori was reassigned to the No. 2 Escort Unit with the light cruiser {{ship|Japanese cruiser|Kashii||2}}, and tasked with escorting 43 transports of the Third Malaya Convoy to Singora. Battle of the Sunda StraitNatori was later assigned escort duties to cover the invasion force for the Dutch East Indies, and participated in the Battle of Sunda Strait on 28 February 1942. Natori with Destroyer Division 5's {{ship|Japanese destroyer|Asakaze|1922|2}}, Destroyer Division 11's {{ship|Japanese destroyer|Shirayuki|1928|2}}, {{ship|Japanese destroyer|Hatsuyuki|1928|2}}, Destroyer Division 12's {{ship|Japanese destroyer|Shirakumo|1927|2}} and {{ship|Japanese destroyer|Murakumo|1928|2}} and Destroyer Division 27's {{ship|Japanese destroyer|Shiratsuyu|1935|2}} with Cruiser Division 7's {{ship|Japanese cruiser|Mikuma||2}} and {{ship|Japanese cruiser|Mogami|1934|2}} deployed north and west of the landing areas. The heavy cruiser {{USS|Houston|CA-30|6}} and the light cruiser {{HMAS|Perth|D29|6}} sortied for Tjilatjap via the Sunda Strait and attacked Japanese troop transports screened only by {{ship|Japanese destroyer|Harukaze|1922|2}}, {{ship|Japanese destroyer|Hatakaze|1924|2}} and {{ship|Japanese destroyer|Fubuki|1927|2}}. The destroyers made smoke to mask the transports. Fubuki charged Houston and Perth and launched torpedoes. At 2300, the Third Escort Force's Natori and her destroyers arrived with the Western Support Force's Mogami, Mikuma and {{ship|Japanese destroyer|Shikinami|1929|2}}. Shiratsuyu opened fire on the Allies. Natori, with Hatsuyuki and Shirayuki, then opened fire and rapidly closed the range. At 2308, the Allied cruisers turned northeast and Natori and her destroyers headed southeast in three columns. Between 2310 and 2319 they launched 28 torpedoes at the Allies. Perth{{'}}s gunfire damaged Harukaze{{'}}s rudder and Shirayuki{{'}}s bridge. At 2319, Mikuma and Mogami each fired six Type 93 "Long Lance" torpedoes at Perth from about {{convert|9300|yd|m|-2}} and opened main battery fire from about {{convert|12000|yd|m|-3}}, assisted by searchlights on their destroyers. At 2327, Mogami fired six Long Lances at Houston. They missed, but hit the Army transports Sakura Maru, Horai Maru, Tatsuno Maru and the Commander-in-Chief of the invading Japanese 16th Army, Lieutenant General Hitoshi Imamura's transport Ryujo Maru. At 2326, Harukaze and Hatakaze launched torpedoes. At 2330, Shirakumo and Murakumo also launched torpedoes. Altogether, the Japanese launched about 90 torpedoes in the engagement. Perth, low on ammunition, was making {{convert|28|kn|km/h|0}} when the first torpedo hit her forward engine room. Two more torpedoes hit her forward magazine and aft under "X" turret, and she sank {{convert|3|nmi|km|0}} east-northeast of St. Nicholas Point at {{coord|05|48|42|S|106|07|52|E}} after a fourth torpedo hit. At 0045, Houston sank at {{coord|05|48|45|S|106|07|55|E}}. On 10 March 1942, Natori was assigned to Cruiser Division 16 with the light cruiser {{ship|Japanese cruiser|Nagara||2}}. After the occupation of Java, Natori participated in the Battle of Christmas Island. At Christmas Island on 1 April 1942 the submarine {{USS|Seawolf|SS-197|6}} fired three torpedoes at Natori, but all missed. The cruiser {{ship|Japanese cruiser|Naka||2}} which was hit starboard near her No. 1 boiler was not so lucky, and had to be towed back to Bantam Bay by Natori. In April, Natori was assigned to patrols of the Java Sea, which continued into June. After a refit back at Maizuru, Natori returned to the Java Sea and Timor Sea until December, with occasional calls at Mergui in Burma, Penang, Singapore and Davao. On 21 December 1942, Natori embarked a Special Naval Landing Force, which it disembarked at Hollandia, New Guinea. On 9 January 1943, {{convert|18|nmi|km|0}} southeast of Ambon, Natori was sighted by the submarine {{USS|Tautog|SS-199|6}} at about {{convert|3000|yd|m|-3}}. Tautog fired two torpedoes which hit Natori in the stern. It broke off and carried away her rudder. In the next few minutes, as Natori got underway at reduced speed, Tautog fired two more torpedoes, but they either missed or were duds and Natori managed to escape. RefittingOn 21 January 1943, while at Ambon, Natori was damaged by a near-miss starboard side by a {{convert|500|lb|kg|abbr=on}} bomb dropped by a Consolidated Aircraft B-24 Liberator bomber of the 90th Bomb Group's 319th Bomb Squadron. The bomb opened plates and caused the No. 2 boiler room to flood. Natori departed Ambon that day for repairs at Makassar, but repair proved impossible, so Natori continued on to Seletar Naval Base, Singapore. Repairs were not completed until 24 May 1943, but by then a decision was made to send Natori back to Japan for further repairs and modernization At Maizuru Naval Arsenal, Natori{{'}}s No. 5 and No.7 140 mm guns were removed as were her catapult and derrick. A twin Type 89 127 mm HA gun was fitted, as were two triple mount Type 96 25 mm AA guns. This brought Natori{{'}}s 25 mm AA suite to fourteen barrels (2x3, 2x2, 4x1). A Type 21 air-search radar was fitted and hydrophones were installed at her bow. Repairs and modernization were completed on 1 April 1944, and Natori was assigned as the flagship of the Central Pacific Fleet's Destroyer Squadron 3. Actions in the PhilippinesOn 5 June 1944, Natori embarked an Imperial Japanese Army detachment from Kure to Davao, Mindanao where the cruiser disembarked the Army detachment and embarked other troops for Palau, arriving on 17 June 1944 (the day before the Battle of the Philippine Sea. Natori remained at Davao in late June through August as a guard ship. On 20 July 1944, the submarine {{USS|Bluegill|SS-242|6}} patrolling off Davao spotted Natori making {{convert|26|kn|km/h|0}}, but was unable to gain a favorable firing position. Natori arrived in Palau 21 July 1944 to help evacuate 800 Japanese and Korean "comfort women" to Davao. On 18 August 1944, {{convert|200|nmi|km|-1}} east of Samar, Natori was accompanying the transport T.3 to Palau when they were spotted by the submarine {{USS|Hardhead|SS-365|6}} east of San Bernardino Strait. Hardhead identified the target as a battleship and closed for a surface attack. One torpedo of its first salvo of five Mark 23 torpedoes fired at {{convert|2800|yd|m|-2}} hit Natori portside in a boiler room. She stopped dead in the water and was hit starboard amidships with one of a second salvo of four Mark 18 torpedoes. At 0704, Natori sank at {{coord|12|29|N|128|49|E|display=inline, title}}, taking 330 crewmen including Captain Kubota with her. The destroyers {{ship|Japanese destroyer|Uranami|1928|2}} and {{ship|Japanese destroyer|Kiyoshimo||2}} rescued 194 survivors, and the submarine {{USS|Stingray|SS-186|6}} recovered four more survivors in a rubber raft. On 12 September 1944, almost a month after her sinking, the destroyer {{USS|Marshall|DD-676|6}} captured a lifeboat with another 44 survivors from Natori aboard. Natori was removed from the Navy List on 10 October 1944. ReferencesNotes1. ^Lacroix, Japanese Cruisers, p. 794. 2. ^{{cite web|first=Klemen|last=L |url= http://www.dutcheastindies.webs.com/hara.html |title= Rear-Admiral Kenzaburo Hara |date=1999–2000 |work=Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941-1942}} 3. ^{{cite web|first=Klemen|last=L |url= http://www.dutcheastindies.webs.com/takahashi.html |title= Vice-Admiral Ibo Takahashi |date=1999–2000 |work=Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941-1942}} Books
| last = Brown | first = David | authorlink = | year = 1990 | title = Warship Losses of World War Two | publisher = Naval Institute Press | location = | isbn = 1-55750-914-X }}
| last = Cook | first = Haruko Taya |author2=Theodore F. Cook | authorlink = | year = 1992 | chapter = Lifeboat | title = Japan At War: An Oral History | publisher = The New Press | location = New York | isbn = 1-56584-039-9 }} First-hand account of the sinking of the Natori by one of the surviving crew.
| last = D'Albas | first = Andrieu | authorlink = | year = 1965 | title = Death of a Navy: Japanese Naval Action in World War II | publisher = Devin-Adair Pub | location = | isbn = 0-8159-5302-X }}
| last = Dull | first = Paul S. | authorlink = | year = 1978 | chapter = | title = A Battle History of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1941-1945 | publisher = Naval Institute Press | location = | isbn = 0-87021-097-1 }}
| last = Evans | first = David | authorlink = | year = 1979 | title = Kaigun : Strategy, Tactics, and Technology in the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1887-1941 | publisher = Naval Institute Press | location = | isbn = 0-87021-192-7 }}
| last = Howarth | first = Stephen | authorlink = | year = 1983 | title = The Fighting Ships of the Rising Sun: The drama of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1895-1945 | publisher = Atheneum | location = | isbn = 0-689-11402-8 }}
| last = Jentsura | first = Hansgeorg | authorlink = | year = 1976 | chapter = | title = Warships of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1869-1945 | publisher = Naval Institute Press | location = | isbn = 0-87021-893-X }}
| last = Lacroix | first = Eric | authorlink = |author2=Linton Wells | year = 1997 | chapter = | title = Japanese Cruisers of the Pacific War | publisher = Naval Institute Press | location = | isbn = 0-87021-311-3 }}
| last = Whitley | first = M.J. | authorlink = | year = 1995 | chapter = | title = Cruisers of World War Two: An International Encyclopedia | publisher = Naval Institute Press | location = | isbn = 1-55750-141-6 }} External links
| last = Parshall | first = Jon |author2=Bob Hackett |author3=Sander Kingsepp |author4=Allyn Nevitt | url = http://www.combinedfleet.com/nagara_c.htm | title = Imperial Japanese Navy Page (Combinedfleet.com): Nagara class | work = | accessdate = 2006-06-14 }}
8 : Nagara-class cruisers|Ships built in Japan|1922 ships|Second Sino-Japanese War cruisers|World War II cruisers of Japan|Ships sunk by American submarines|World War II shipwrecks in the Philippine Sea|Maritime incidents in August 1944 |
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