“Japanese destroyer Akatsuki (1932)”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Construction of the advanced Fubuki-class destroyers was authorized as part of the Imperial Japanese Navy's expansion program from fiscal 1923, intended to give Japan a qualitative edge with the world's most modern ships.^[10] The Fubuki class had performance that was a quantum leap over previous destroyer designs, so much so that they were designated {{nihongo|Special Type destroyers|特型|Tokugata}}. The large size, powerful engines, high speed, large radius of action and unprecedented armament gave these destroyers the firepower similar to many light cruisers in other navies. The Akatsuki sub-class was an improved version of the Fubuki, externally almost identical, but incorporating changes to her propulsion system.^[11]

Operational history

On completion, Akatsuki was assigned to Destroyer Division 6 along with her sister ships, {{ship|Japanese destroyer|Inazuma|1932|2}}, {{ship|Japanese destroyer|Hibiki|1932|2}}, and {{ship|Japanese destroyer|Ikazuchi|1931|2}}, under the IJN 1st Fleet and participated in operations in the Second Sino-Japanese War. Like others of her type, she was modified during the middle 1930s, both to correct design deficiencies and to enhance combat capabilities.

World War II

At the time of the attack on Pearl Harbor, Akatsuki was assigned to Destroyer Division 6 of Desron 1 of the IJN 1st Fleet, and had deployed from Mako Guard District to provide cover for landing operations in British Malaya and later for in operations against the Netherlands East Indies, including the invasion of western Java and in the Philippines.^[14] She attacked, but failed to sink the submarine {{USS|Permit|SS-178|6}} on 17 March 1942.

After returning to Yokosuka Naval Arsenal for maintenance in March 1942, Akatsuki was reassigned to northern operations, and deployed from Ōminato Guard District in support of Admiral Boshiro Hosogaya’s Northern Force in the Aleutians campaign, patrolling waters around Kiska and Attu during June and July, and towing the damaged Hibiki from Kiska back to Paramushiro in the Chishima Islands. She continued to be assigned to northern patrols in the Chishima islands and Aleutian islands through the beginning of August.^[15]

After maintenance at Yokosuka in late July, Akatsuki was reassigned as escort for the new aircraft carriers {{ship|Japanese aircraft carrier|Zuihō||2}} and {{ship|Japanese aircraft carrier|Unyō||2}}, which it accompanied to Truk, and missions in the Solomon Islands and back to Kure Naval District.

From October, Akatsuki was used for numerous “Tokyo Express” high speed transport runs throughout the Solomon Islands.^[16]

On October 25, 1942 Akatsuki, Ikazuchi, and {{ship|Japanese destroyer| Shiratsuyu|1935|2}} conducted a daylight raid into the waters of "Ironbottom Sound" off Guadalcanal. In the resulting action, the fast minesweeper {{USS|Zane|DMS-14|6}} was damaged and fleet tug {{USS|Seminole|AT-65|6}} and patrol craft YP-284 were sunk before the Japanese ships were driven off by US Marine coastal artillery. Akatsuki suffered light damage when its No.3 gun turret was hit by coastal artillery, with four crewmen killed.

Three weeks later, Akatsuki returned to "Ironbottom Sound" as part of a powerful bombardment force built around the battleships {{ship|Japanese battleship|Hiei||2}} and {{ship|Japanese battleship|Kirishima||2}}. On the night of 12–13 November 1942, in the Naval Battle of Guadalcanal, this unit encountered a task force of U.S. Navy destroyers and cruisers. Operating on the right flank of the Japanese battleships, Akatsuki is often credited with illuminating and then torpedoing {{USS|Atlanta|CL-51|6}}: however, her junior torpedo officer, Michiharu Shinya – one of her few survivors - later stated unequivocally that Akatsuki was overwhelmed by gunfire before being able to launch any torpedoes.^[17]^[18] Soon after illuminating Atlanta, she was heavily hit by American gunfire and sank early in the action near Savo Island at position {{coord|09|17|S|159|56|E|type:landmark |display=inline,title}}, with the loss of all but 18 crewmen (out of a total complement of 197), who were later captured by U.S. forces.^[19] These crewmen were later imprisoned at the Featherston prisoner of war camp in New Zealand.

Notes

1. ^5"/50 caliber, CombinedFleet.com.
2. ^12.7 cm/50 3rd Year Type, NavWeaps.com.
3. ^25mm/60 caliber, CombinedFleet.com.
4. ^25 mm/60 AA MG Type 96, NavWeaps.com.
5. ^13mm/76 caliber, CombinedFleet.com.
6. ^13 mm/76 AA MG Type 93, NavWeaps.com.
7. ^Japanese Torpedoes, CombinedFleet.com.
8. ^Nelson. Japanese-English Character Dictionary. Page 483
9. ^{{cite web| last = Globalsecurity.org| first = | url = http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/japan/fubuki-dd.htm| title = IJN Fubuki class destroyers| work = }}
10. ^Fitzsimons, Illustrated Encyclopedia of 20th Century Weapons and Warfare p.1040
11. ^Peattie & Evans, Kaigun page 221-222.
12. ^F Fitzsimons, Illustrated Encyclopedia of 20th Century Weapons and Warfare (London: Phoebus, 1977), Volume 10, p.1040.
13. ^{{cite web| url= http://homepage2.nifty.com/nishidah/e/stc0424.htm | title= Akatsuki class 1st class destroyers| last= Nishidah | first= Hiroshi| year= 2002 | work= Materials of the Imperial Japanese Navy | publisher= }}
14. ^IJN Akatsuki: Tabular Record of Movement
15. ^Morison. Aleutians, Gilberts and Marshalls, June 1942-April 1944.
16. ^D’Albas. Death of a Navy: Japanese Naval Action in World War II.
17. ^Editors Note 1 http://www.combinedfleet.com/akatsu_t.htm
18. ^The Lost Ships of Guadalcanal by Robert Ballard and The Path From Guadalcanal by Michiharu Shinya
19. ^IJN Akatsuki: Tabular Record of Movement
20. ^{{cite web | url= http://homepage2.nifty.com/nishidah/e/stc0424.htm| title= Akatsuki class destroyers | last= Nishidah | first= Hiroshi | year= 2002 |month= | work= Materials of the Imperial Japanese Navy | publisher= }}

History

Operational history

World War II

Notes

References

External links