| 词条 | Jared Polis | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|name = Jared Polis |image = Jared Polis official photo.jpg |order = 43rd Governor of Colorado |lieutenant = Dianne Primavera |term_start = January 8, 2019 |term_end = |predecessor = John Hickenlooper |successor = |state1 = Colorado |district1 = {{ushr|CO|2|2nd}} |term_start1 = January 3, 2009 |term_end1 = January 3, 2019 |predecessor1 = Mark Udall |successor1 = Joe Neguse |office2 = Member of the Colorado State Board of Education from the at-large district |term_start2 = 2001 |term_end2 = 2007 |predecessor2 = Ben Alexander |successor2 = Seat abolished |birth_name = Jared Polis Schutz |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1975|5|12}} |birth_place = Boulder, Colorado, U.S. |death_date = |death_place = |party = Democratic |partner = Marlon Reis |children = 2 |residence = Governor's Mansion |education = Princeton University (BA) |net_worth = $313.6 million (2015)[1] |website = {{url|colorado.gov/governor|Government website}} }} Jared Schutz Polis ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|p|oʊ|l|ᵻ|s}}; born May 12, 1975) is an American politician, entrepreneur and philanthropist serving as the 43rd Governor of Colorado since January 2019. A member of the Democratic Party, he previously served on the Colorado State Board of Education from 2001 to 2007 and was the U.S. Representative for {{ushr|CO|2}} from 2009 to 2019. Polis was elected Governor of Colorado in 2018, defeating Republican Walker Stapleton. Polis is the first openly gay person and second openly LGBT person (after Kate Brown of Oregon) elected governor in the United States. He is also the first Jewish person elected Governor of Colorado.[1][2] During his tenure in Congress, he was among its wealthiest members, with a personal net worth estimated at nearly $400 million.[3] Early life and educationPolis is the son of Stephen Schutz and Susan Polis Schutz, founders of greeting card and book publisher Blue Mountain Arts.[4] He was born at Boulder Community Hospital in Boulder, Colorado, in 1975. He lived in San Diego, California, during his high school years, and graduated from La Jolla Country Day School in three years with multiple honors. He also received a Bachelor of Arts in politics from Princeton University. In 2000 he legally changed his name to use his mother's surname, in part to raise awareness for a fund-raiser and because he simply "liked it better".[5] {{New Democrats}}Business careerPolis co-founded American Information Systems (AIS), Inc., while still in college. AIS was an internet access provider and was sold in 1998. In 1996, he co-founded[6] a free electronic greeting card website, bluemountain.com, which was sold to Excite@Home in 1999 for $430 million in stock and $350 million in cash.[7][8] In February 1998, Polis founded ProFlowers, an online florist, in La Jolla, California. In December of that year, economist Dr. Arthur Laffer began advising Polis and joined ProFlowers as a Director.[9] ProFlowers, later renamed Provide Commerce, Inc., went public on NASDAQ as PRVD on December 17, 2003. In 2005, Provide Commerce was acquired by media conglomerate Liberty Media Corporation for $477 million. Philanthropic careerIn 2000, Polis founded the Jared Polis Foundation, whose mission is to "create opportunities for success by supporting educators, increasing access to technology, and strengthening our community."[10] Its main programs are the annual Teacher Recognition Awards;[11] the Community Computer Connection program,[12] which refurbishes and donates more than 3,500 computers a year to schools and non-profit organizations; and the semi-annual Jared Polis Foundation Education Report. Polis has also founded two charter schools, one with multiple campuses across three states and a post-secondary school, the New America College, for at-risk students. In 2004, he established the New America School, a charter high school that primarily serves older immigrant youth ages 16–21 and has three campuses in Colorado, two campuses in New Mexico[13] and one campus in Las Vegas, Nevada.[14] In 2005, Polis and Urban Peak co-founded the Academy of Urban Learning[15] in Denver to help youth at risk of becoming homeless or living in unstable living conditions. Polis was named Outstanding Philanthropist for the 2006 National Philanthropy Day in Colorado. He has received many awards, including the Boulder Daily Camera's 2007 Pacesetter Award in Education;[16] the Kauffman Foundation Community Award;[17] the Denver consul general of Mexico "Ohtli";[18] the Martin Luther King Jr. Colorado Humanitarian Award; and the Anti-Defamation League's inaugural Boulder Community Builder Award. At the time of his first election to Congress, Polis had founded a number of companies and was one of the 10 richest members of Congress.[19] Early political careerTogether with Pat Stryker, Rutt Bridges, and Tim Gill, Polis was one of the four wealthy Coloradans—sometimes called the "Gang of Four"—who donate to liberal causes.[20] State Board of EducationIn 2000, Polis was elected at-large as a member of the Colorado State Board of Education and served for a single six-year term until January 2007, when the district was eliminated.[21] His election was one of the closest in Colorado history, as he defeated incumbent Ben Alexander by 90 votes out of 1.6 million cast.[22] During his term, Polis served as both chairman and vice chairman of the board.[23][24][25] Ballot measuresIn 2006, Polis served as co-chair of Coloradans for Clean Government, a committee that supported Amendment 41, a citizen-initiated ballot measure to ban gifts by registered lobbyists to government officials, establish a $50 annual restriction on gift-giving from non-lobbyists, establish a two-year cooling-off period before former state legislators and statewide elected officials can begin lobbying, and create an independent ethics commission. In November 2006, 62.3% of Colorado voters approved the "Ethics in Government" constitutional amendment.[26] In 2007, Polis co-chaired the "Building for Our Future" campaign that supported ballot question 3A in the Boulder Valley School District to issue $296.8 million in bonds for the improvement and modernization of aging school facilities —the largest capital construction bond issue in the district's history and the largest school bond proposal in Colorado that year. In November 2006, 58% of Boulder Valley School District voters approved the measure.[27] In 2014, Polis planned to champion two ballot measures which would have limited fracking in Colorado by banning drilling near schools and homes and by empowering communities to pass their own rules. However, the measures were dropped after he reached a deal with Governor John Hickenlooper to create a task force. The absence of the initiatives was seen as a relief to vulnerable Democrats who would have had to take controversial stances on the issue.[28] Political careerElectionsIn 2008, Polis won a heavily contested Democratic primary election for Colorado's 2nd congressional district, and went on to win the general election on November 4, 2008, winning 62% of the vote to succeed Mark Udall, who was elected to the United States Senate that year. In 2010, Polis won 57% of the popular vote to win re-election.[29][30] In 2012, Polis ran uncontested in the Democratic primary and won a third election to Congress with 55% of popular vote.[31] In 2014, Polis won a fourth election to Congress with 57% of the popular vote.[32] In 2016, Polis won 56.9% of the popular vote to win re-election.[33] In 2018, Polis announced that he would be running for Governor of Colorado.[34] Polis was elected governor with 53.4% of the vote, defeating Republican nominee Walker Stapleton by a landslide margin of approximately 11%, and becoming the first openly gay person elected governor of any state.[35] (He is not, however, the first gay person to serve as a state governor; on August 12, 2004, Jim McGreevey, 52nd Governor of New Jersey, came out as gay after being elected, but resigned during his term.)[36] House of RepresentativesTenurePolis was the Red to Blue program chair for the DCCC during the 2012 elections, helping recruit and raise money for Democratic candidates in competitive congressional districts.[37] Following the elections, he considered running for Vice-Chair of the House Democratic Caucus after then-chairman Xavier Becerra was term-limited.[38] The position ended up going to New York Congressman Joe Crowley.[39] Committee assignmentsFor the 114th Congress, Polis served on the following committees[40]
Caucus memberships
Legislation sponsoredThe following is an incomplete list of legislation that Polis has introduced:
Governor of ColoradoTransition teamPolis was elected governor on November 6, 2018. Boldly Forward, a 501(c)4 nonprofit, was formed as the transition team, working with Keystone Center as facilitator. Polis was sworn in on January 8, 2019.[51] Political positionsEducationIn 2011 Polis, along with Senator Joe Lieberman (I-CT), introduced the 2011 Race to the Top Act (H.R. 1532). The legislation authorized old provisions and some new ones including: new standards to encourage and reward states based on their implementation of comprehensive educational reforms that innovate through 4-year competitive grants that allow more funding to expand Charter schools and compensate teachers in part based on their students' performance.[52][53][54] Polis has sponsored other education bills and legislation regarding students including;
Polis has also introduced the Computer Science Education Act, which helps provide job training for computing jobs, and the ACE Act, which would provide funding to improve outcomes for students in persistently low-performing schools, and to authorize school "turnaround grants."[62][63] In 2015, during a back-and-forth exchange before the House Education and Workforce Committee's Subcommittee on Higher Education and Workforce Training, Polis argued for schools to be able to use lower standards of evidence when deciding to expel students accused of sexual assault by stating, "If there are 10 people who have been accused, and under a reasonable likelihood standard maybe one or two did it, it seems better to get rid of all 10 people."[64] Shortly after the comments, Polis said that he misspoke during the subcommittee hearing and that he committed a major gaffe during the discussion.[65] Civil liberties and conservative sources have pointed to Polis's comments as evidence of the drive to erode due process rights with regards to answering accusations of sexual assault at U.S. colleges and universities.[66][67][68] Foreign policyIraqPolis opposed the Iraq War saying that, "The invasion of Iraq was a colossal mistake and I opposed the war from the very beginning. Bush's blunders, and the Democrats who gave him cover along the way, have left us without easy solutions for improving the situation."[69] During a congressional trip to Iraq, Polis praised the "Sons of Iraq" policy, which funds former military and police officials under Saddam Hussein to lay down their arms against coalition forces, patrol neighborhoods, and fight against other Sunni insurgents. In an op-ed, he wrote, "If we had started this policy sooner after the invasion, we no doubt could have prevented loss of life. As can be expected, some of them turn out to be corrupt and attack us anyway, but most seem to be helping to keep the order. The challenge is to bring them into the fold of the new Iraqi government and a proper chain of command structure."[70] In the op-ed, Polis also said, "The hippie in me bemoans the fact that we defeated the Iraqi military only to help them build an even stronger one that might one day be used against children and innocents, as often is the case. When will all the killing end? Where have all the flowers gone? And they shall beat their swords into plowshares and they shall study war no more."[71] AfghanistanPolis supports removing all troops from Afghanistan.[72] In 2010, Polis supported a failed resolution to withdraw all troops from Afghanistan within 30 days, saying that "I don't believe that this ongoing occupation is in our national interest," and that, "I supported the initial action to oust the Taliban in Afghanistan, and that succeeded. The challenge we face now is a stateless menace."[73] Polis also took a Congressional Delegation trip to Afghanistan, meeting with the former Afghan Interior Minister Mohammad Hanif Atmar, US military officials and Diplomats. During his meeting with Mohammed Hanif Atmar, Polis focused on the education gap between Afghanistan and Western nations, the low literacy rate for Afghan police and military officials, and combating political corruption.[74] Polis has criticized expanding US troops in Afghanistan, and supports putting resources in intelligence and special operations. Polis said in a report after visiting Afghanistan that "We need all the high-level diplomatic support we can to master the diplomatic complexities of fighting against an enemy holed up in two countries, as well as navigating the complex regional politics", adding that, "Our best estimates show there to be no more than 5,000 al-Qaeda fighters in Afghanistan and Pakistan. They operate out of areas in southern and eastern Afghanistan and on the Pakistan/Afghanistan border. Do we really need to occupy an entire country of around 30 million people to root out 5,000 enemies? I harbor a deep degree of ambivalence about the military surge. The diplomatic surge is good, increasing our covert ops and intelligence abilities focused on al-Qaeda is good, but adding tens of thousands of American troops for years doesn't necessarily get us closer to defeating al-Qaeda."[75] IranPolis voted in favor of the 2010 Comprehensive Iran Sanctions, Accountability, and Divestment Act expanding economic sanctions against Iran under the Iran and Libya Sanctions Act, and co-sponsored H.R. 1327; the Iran Sanctions Enabling Act of 2009, authorizing state and local governments to direct divestiture from, and prevent investment in, companies with investments of $20,000,000 or more in Iran's energy sector.[76] [77]Human rightsAs a member of Congress, Polis, along with then-Representatives Barney Frank and Tammy Baldwin, called on the United States embassy in Iraq and then- United States Secretary of State Hillary Clinton to prioritize investigating the allegations of rape, torture and executions of LGBT Iraqis, saying "Such disturbing violations of human rights should not be ignored and the United States should not stand idly by while billions of taxpayer dollars are used to support their government." Along with the support of 35 members of the House, Polis also called on the State Department to address violence against the LGBT community in Honduras.[78] Civil libertiesWhile in the House, Polis has been a staunch advocate for civil liberties, saying while campaigning in 2008 that "balance must be restored between the executive and the judicial branch (through restoring habeas corpus, and clarifying that the President does not have the Constitutional authority to alter legislation through signing statements,) and between the executive and the legislative branch (clarifying that the Fourth Amendment requires probable cause and a warrant for the government to monitor Americans)".[79] Patriot ActPolis has been a vocal opponent of the PATRIOT ACT. In a letter to House Speaker John Boehner, Polis stated that the Patriot Act "is a bill that has been plagued with abuse since it was first passed, and today's rule is yet another example of short-circuiting the system that our Founding Fathers set up. If there were ever the need for the close supervision and congressional oversight of a law, it is a law that discusses how and under what conditions a government can spy on its own citizens."[80] On February 2011 Polis voted against H.R. 514, extending expiring provisions of the Patriot Act, authorizing court-approved roving wiretaps that permit surveillance on multiple phones, allowing court-approved seizure of records and property in anti-terrorism operations, and permitting surveillance against a so-called lone wolf, a non-US citizen engaged in terrorism who may not be part of a recognized terrorist group.[81] [82]Internet piracyPolis supports an open and free internet, and has been critical of SOPA, PIPA and CISPA, saying in an interview with Forbes that; "I oppose piracy and want to see intellectual property protected because that is what fosters and rewards innovation. But SOPA won't accomplish a meaningful reduction in piracy and causes massive collateral damage to the Internet ecosystem."[83] While debating SOPA on the House floor Polis said that SOPA and PIPA "directly threaten the very internet that has brought humanity great prosperity and greater peace," and that, "Allowing the military and NSA to spy on Americans on American soil goes against every principle this country was founded on." [84][85]Polis, along with 167 other members of the House, voted against CISPA.[86] Polis, along with representatives Zoe Lofgren (D-CA) and Darrell Issa (R-CA), sponsored Aaron's Law,[87] in the wake of the suicide of computer programmer and internet activist Aaron Swartz, (the co-founder of Reddit), who was facing computer and wire fraud charges and more than 30 years in prison and fines of over $1 million for violating the terms of service for illegally downloading academic journal articles from the digital library JSTOR.[88] The proposed bill would exclude terms of service violations from the 1986 Computer Fraud and Abuse Act and from the wire fraud statute.[89][90] Polis said that the charges brought on by US Attorney Carmen Ortiz were "ridiculous and trumped-up," and that "It's absurd that he was made a scapegoat. I would hope that this doesn't happen to anyone else."[91] NDAAPolis voted against the 2012 National Defense Authorization Act, and is against Section 1021, which has drawn controversy about implications to detention policy.[92] After the law was signed, Polis, along with other members of the house, introduced legislation to repeal the indefinite detention provision. Though legislation has failed to pass the house, Section 1021 is now pending in the courts.[93] Drug policyPolis has been an early critic of the War on Drugs, stating that "Just as the policy of prohibition failed nationally with alcohol - it's now up to states and counties - I think we should do the same with marijuana."[94] During a June 2012 testimony of DEA Administrator Michele Leonhart before the United States House Judiciary Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, Homeland Security and Investigations, Polis questioned whether marijuana should be classified as a schedule one drug.[95] Polis questioned Leonhart, who refused to answer whether or not cocaine, methamphetamine and heroin posed a greater risk to someone's health than marijuana.[96] Polis also advocated the legalization of medical marijuana to combat prescription drug abuse.[97] Polis was the leading sponsor of H.R. 499, or, the Ending Federal Marijuana Prohibition Act of 2013.[98] If passed, the act would: Decriminalize possession of cannabis at the federal level; Relinquish the Drug Enforcement Administration's regulation of cannabis under the Controlled Substances Act, transferring its federal regulation from the DEA to the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (renaming the ATF the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Marijuana, Firearms and Explosives); and would authorize the Food and Drug Administration to apply the equivalent regulatory powers it has over alcohol, to cannabis.[99] The act currently has 18 cosponsors - Fifteen Democrats and One Republican - in the House.[100] LGBT rightsAt the time of his departure from Congress, Polis was one of seven openly gay members of the 113th Congress, and caucused in the LGBT Equality Caucus. Polis pushed for the repeal of the Defense of Marriage Act, and praised the Obama Administration's decision for the Justice Department to no longer defend DOMA, saying that "Section 3 of the law is unconstitutional."[101] In a statement Polis said "I applaud the Administration for finally recognizing what my colleagues and I have long criticized, to deny people the ability to officially acknowledge their relationship and feel welcomed as partners only for being LGBT is absurd and today's decision confirms this."[102] Polis has also credited President Obama for openly endorsing gay marriage calling it "welcome news to American families."[103] Polis was an original cosponsor of H.R. 116, or the Respect for Marriage Act. H.R. 116 repeals DOMA allowing marriage recognition for gay and lesbian couples in the US, the District of Columbia, and US territories.[104] Polis was also the leading sponsor of the Student Non-Discrimination Act with Senator Al Franken (D-MN), who introduced the act in the Senate. SNDA would establish a comprehensive federal non-discrimination prohibition in all public and elementary and secondary schools based on sexual orientation and gender identity, expanding Title IX of the Education Amendments Act to LGBT students.[105] In a statement, Polis said "education is the right of every student" regardless of their actual or perceived sexual orientation or gender identity. "The alarming increase in teen suicides has shown us just how far we are from making our children's schools safe spaces."[106] The SNDA has 167 co-sponsors in the House, with only two Republicans signing on.[107] SNDA is also supported by the ACLU and Change.org.[108] Polis voted for the repeal of Don't Ask, Don't Tell, which prohibited openly gay and lesbian members of the Military from serving.[109] Along with 67 members of the House, in a letter to President Obama, Polis urged for the repeal of Don't Ask, Don't Tell. In the letter it cited a California district judge's ruling of the unconstitutionality of DADT, and the 14,000 service members that have been discharged from the military since the passage of DADT.[110] In a press release on the repeal of DADT Polis said: "The repeal of Don't Ask, Don't Tell is a victory for the cause of equality and our national defense. For too long, this wrongheaded policy prevented brave Americans from serving in our military and defending our country just because of who they love. It undermined our national security by forcing gays and lesbians out of the military service at a time when America needs the most talented and the bravest protecting us, regardless of their orientation."[111] Polis was also a supporter and cosponsor of the Matthew Shepard and James Byrd, Jr. Hate Crimes Prevention Act, giving adequate funding and ability to federal authorities to investigate hate crimes, and has advocated for protections against LGBT victims of domestic violence to be included in the Violence Against Women Act.[112][113] In September 2014, Polis filed a discharge petition to bring the LGBT Employment Non-Discrimination Act to the floor of the House of Representatives for a proper vote. Representatives Garamenedi, Holt, and Connolly joined Polis in support in filing the petition. The revised legislation includes narrow religious exemptions.[114] BitcoinPolis vowed to protect Bitcoin in Congress and to fight against any attempts by the government to enact policies that restrict the growth of bitcoin and its burgeoning startup community.[115] In May 2014, Polis became the first U.S. representative to accept campaign donations via Bitcoin.[116] EnergyIn 2014, Polis sponsored two ballot measures targeting hydraulic fracturing, Initiatives 88 and 89. Polis sought to move fracking from {{convert|500|ft|m}} from people's homes to {{convert|2000|ft|m}} to improve the quality of life for homeowners in affected areas.[117] On August 4, 2014, Polis announced that he would withdraw his support for the two ballot measures.[118] Campus rapeIn September 2015, Polis voiced support for altering university disciplinary processes surrounding campus rape to allow for cases to be judged against a reasonable likelihood standard, saying that: "If there are 10 people who have been accused, and under a reasonable likelihood standard maybe one or two did it, it seems better to get rid of all 10 people ... we're not talking about depriving them of life or liberty, we're talking about them being transferred to another university, for crying out loud."[119] After being criticized[120] for these remarks, Polis apologized, saying that: "I went too far by implying that I support expelling innocent students from college campuses, which is something neither I nor other advocates of justice for survivors of sexual assault support".[121] KombuchaPolis has shown interest in the regulatory environment relating to kombucha.[122][123][124] Personal lifePolis is one of the few people to be openly gay when first elected to the U.S. House of Representatives[125] and the first gay parent in Congress.[126][127][128] Polis and his partner, Marlon Reis, have a son and a daughter.[129] Polis enjoys video games such as League of Legends, and his favorite champions include Maokai and Anivia.[130] He is Jewish.[131][132] Electoral history
|- | colspan=15 | |- | Year | Winning candidate | Party | Pct | Opponent | Party | Pct | Opponent | Party | Pct | Opponent | Party | Pct |- |2008 |{{party shading/Democratic}} |Jared Polis |{{party shading/Democratic}} |Democratic |{{party shading/Democratic}} |62% |{{party shading/Republican}} |Scott Starin |{{party shading/Republican}} |Republican |{{party shading/Republican}} |33% |{{party shading/Green}} |J. A. Calhoun |{{party shading/Green}} |Green |{{party shading/Green}} |2% | | | |- |2010 |{{party shading/Democratic}} |Jared Polis |{{party shading/Democratic}} |Democratic |{{party shading/Democratic}} |57% |{{party shading/Republican}} |Stephen Bailey |{{party shading/Republican}} |Republican |{{party shading/Republican}} |37% |{{party shading/Constitution}} |Jenna Goss |{{party shading/Constitution}} |Constitution |{{party shading/Constitution}} |2% | | | |- |2012 |{{party shading/Democratic}} |Jared Polis |{{party shading/Democratic}} |Democratic |{{party shading/Democratic}} |55% |{{party shading/Republican}} |Kevin Lundberg |{{party shading/Republican}} |Republican |{{party shading/Republican}} |38% |{{party shading/Libertarian}} |Randy Luallin |{{party shading/Libertarian}} |Libertarian |{{party shading/Libertarian}} |3% |{{party shading/Green}} |Susan P. Hall |{{party shading/Green}} |Green |{{party shading/Green}} |2% |- |2014 |{{party shading/Democratic}} |Jared Polis |{{party shading/Democratic}} |Democratic |{{party shading/Democratic}} |56% |{{party shading/Republican}} |George Leing |{{party shading/Republican}} |Republican |{{party shading/Republican}} |44% | | | | | | |- |2016 |{{party shading/Democratic}} |Jared Polis |{{party shading/Democratic}} |Democratic |{{party shading/Democratic}} |57.9% |{{party shading/Republican}} |Nic Morse |{{party shading/Republican}} |Republican |{{party shading/Republican}} |37.2% |{{party shading/Libertarian}} |Richard Longstreth |{{party shading/Libertarian}} |Libertarian |{{party shading/Libertarian}} |5.9% | |-{{s-end}} See also
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Jared Polis: Why We Need To Stop SOPA|publisher= forbes.com |accessdate= September 30, 2012|first=Erik|last=Kain |date=January 18, 2012}} 84. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PJYFcrnl6v8|title=Protecting an Open Internet by Fighting SOPA |publisher=youtube.com |accessdate=September 30, 2012}} 85. ^{{Cite web|url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-31921_3-57422693-281/how-cispa-would-affect-you-faq/|title=How CISPA would affect you (faq) |publisher=news.cnet.com |accessdate=September 30, 2012}} 86. ^{{Cite web|url=http://clerk.house.gov/evs/2012/roll192.xml |title=Final Vote Results for Roll Call 192 |publisher=clerk.house.gov |accessdate=September 30, 2012 }} 87. ^{{cite web |url=http://thehill.com/blogs/hillicon-valley/technology/277353-lawmakers-blast-trumped-up-doj-prosecution-of-internet-activist |title=Lawmakers slam DOJ prosecution of Swartz as 'ridiculous, absurd' |publisher=thehill.com|date=January 15, 2013 |accessdate=January 22, 2013}} 88. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2013/01/aarons-law-violating-a-sites-terms-of-service-should-not-land-you-in-jail/267247/ |title=Aaron's Law: Violating a Site's Terms of Service Should Not Land You in Jail |publisher=theatlantic.com |date=January 16, 2013 |accessdate=January 22, 2013}} 89. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.lofgren.house.gov/images/stories/pdf/draft%20lofgren%20bill%20to%20exclude%20terms%20of%20service%20violations%20from%20cfaa%20%20wre%20fraud%20011513.pdf |title=113th Congress 1st Session H.R. l |publisher=lofgren.house.gov |date=January 15, 2013 |accessdate=January 22, 2013}} 90. ^{{cite news |url=http://business.time.com/2013/01/16/aaron-swartzs-suicide-triggers-response-from-us-lawmakers/ | title=Aaron Swartz's Suicide Triggers Response from Top U.S. Lawmakers | publisher=time.com |date=January 16, 2013 |accessdate=January 22, 2013}} 91. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.latimes.com/news/nation/nationnow/la-na-nn-aaron-swartz-congressional-scrutiny-20130118,0,640020.story |title=Aaron Swartz suicide has U.S. lawmakers scrutinizing prosecutors |publisher=latimes.com |date=January 18, 2013 |accessdate=January 22, 2013|first=Matt|last=Pearce}} 92. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/112-2011/h375|title=H.R. 1540: National Defense Authorization Act for ... (On Passage of the Bill) |publisher=govtrack.us |accessdate=September 30, 2012}} 93. ^{{Cite web |url=http://votesmart.org/bill/15185/39904/106220/repeals-indefinite-military-detention-provisions|title=H Amdt 1127 – Repeals Indefinite Military Detention Provisions – Key Vote |publisher=votesmart.org |accessdate= September 30, 2012}} 94. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/rep-jared-polis-federal-government-shouldnt-be-banning-marijuana |title=Rep. Jared Polis: Federal government shouldn't be banning marijuana|author=Brian Montopoli|author2=CBS News |publisher=cbsnews.com|date=April 6, 2011}} 95. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ibtimes.com/dea-chief-michele-leonharts-drug-stance-sparks-outrage-contradicts-dea-info-704091|title=DEA Chief Michele Leonhart's Drug Stance Sparks Outrage, Contradicts DEA Info |author=Hao Li|author2=International Business Times|publisher=ibtimes.com|date=June 23, 2012}} 96. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0612/77712.html|title=DEA chief deflects pols' pot questions|author=William Bergstrom|author2=Politico|publisher=politico.com|date=June 21, 2013}} 97. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-112hhrg74642/html/CHRG-112hhrg74642.htm |title=Drug Enforcement Administration Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, and Homeland Security of the Committee on the Judiciary House of Representatives One Hundred Twelfth Congress Second Session June 20, 2012|author=United States Government Printing Office |publisher=gpo.gov |date=June 20, 2012}} 98. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/news/legalization-hits-the-hill-20130206 |title=Legalization Hits the Hill: New bills in Congress would take Colorado's tax-and-regulate model for pot nationwide |author=Tom Dickinson|author2=Rolling Stone |publisher=rollingstone.com|date=February 6, 2012}} 99. ^{{cite web |url=http://beta.congress.gov/bill/113th/house-bill/499 |title=H.R.499 - Ending Federal Marijuana Prohibition Act of 2013 |publisher=congress.gov|date=February 5, 2013}} 100. ^{{cite web|url=http://beta.congress.gov/bill/113th-congress/house-bill/499/cosponsors|title=Cosponsors: H.R.499 — 113th Congress (2013-2014)|publisher=congress.gov|accessdate=June 5, 2014}} 101. ^{{Cite web|url=http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/politics/2011/02/president-obama-instructs-justice-department-to-stop-defending-defense-of-marriage-act-calls-clinton/|title=President Obama Instructs Justice Department to Stop Defending Defense of Marriage Act cal Clinton-Signed Law "Unconstitutional" |publisher=abcnews.go.com |accessdate=September 30, 2012}} 102. ^{{Cite web|url=http://polis.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=226466 |title=Polis cheers Justice Department's Decision on DOMA |publisher=polis.house.gov |accessdate=September 30, 2012}} 103. ^{{Cite web|url= http://livewire.talkingpointsmemo.com/entry/jared-polis-obama-support-for-gay-marriage-welcome |title=Jared Polis: Obama Support For Gay Marriage 'Welcome News' |publisher= livewire.talkingpointsmemo.com |accessdate= September 30, 2012}} 104. ^{{Cite web|url=http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d112:HR01116:@@@P|title= Bill Summary & Status 112th Congress (2011-2012) H.R. 116 Cosponsors |publisher= thomas.loc.gov |accessdate=September 30, 2012}} 105. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.aclu.org/blog/lgbt-rights-religion-belief-reproductive-freedom/historic-support-student-non-discrimination|title=Historic Support for Non-Discrimination Act |publisher=aclu.org |accessdate=September 10, 2012}} 106. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.washingtonblade.com/2011/03/10/polis-reintroduces-student-non-discrimination-act/ |title=Polis reintroduces Student Non-Discrimination Act |publisher=washingtonblade.com |accessdate=September 10, 2012}} 107. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.opencongress.org/bill/112-h998/show |title=H.R.998 - Student Non-Discrimination Act of 2011 |publisher=opencongress.org |accessdate=October 1, 2012}} 108. ^{{Cite web|url=http://sdgln.com/causes/2010/03/12/california-high-school-student-joins-aclu-advocate-hr-4530 |title=California high school student joins ACLU to advocate for H.R. 4530 |first=Morgan M |last=Hurley |date=March 13, 2010 |publisher=sdgln.com |accessdate=September 10, 2012}} 109. ^{{Cite news|url=http://politics.nytimes.com/congress/votes/111/house/2/638 |title= House Vote 638 – Repeals 'Don't Ask, Don't Tell'|publisher=nytimes.com |accessdate=September 30, 2012}} 110. ^{{Cite web|url=http://polis.house.gov/uploadedfiles/9-23_dadt_appeal_letter.pdf |title=Congress of the United States Washington, D.C. September 23, 2010 |publisher=polis.house.gov|accessdate=September 30, 2012}} 111. ^{{Cite web |url=http://polis.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=260740|title= Polis Applauds the End of Discriminatory 'Don't Ask, Don't Tell' Policy |publisher= polis.house.gov |accessdate=September 30, 2012}} 112. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.opencongress.org/bill/111-h1913/show |title=H.R. 1913 – Local Law Enforcement Hate Crimes Prevention Act of 2009 |publisher= opencongress.org |accessdate=September 30, 2012}} 113. ^{{Cite web|url=http://polis.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=294542 |title=Violence Against Women Act Should Include LGBT Protections |publisher=polis.house.gov |accessdate=September 30, 2012}} 114. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.lgbtqnation.com/2014/09/polis-files-discharge-petition-on-enda-with-narrowed-religious-exemption/|title=Polis files discharge petition on ENDA with narrowed religious exemption|work=LGBTQ Nation}} 115. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.coindesk.com/jared-polis-will-protect-bitcoin-us-congress/|title=Jared Polis: I Will Protect Bitcoin in US Congress|work=CoinDesk}} 116. ^Federal Regulators Approve Bitcoin for Political Campaign Donations - NBC News, November 26, 2014 117. ^{{cite news |url=http://time.com/2979590/friendly-fire-over-colorado-fracking-could-cost-democrats-the-u-s-senate/ |work=TIME |first=Jay |last=Newton-Small |date=July 14, 2014 |accessdate=November 7, 2018 }} 118. ^{{cite news|last1=Newton-Small|first1=Jay|title=Democrat Jared Polis Withdraws Support for Colorado Fracking Initiatives|url=http://time.com/3079815/fracking-jared-polis-colorado-udall/|accessdate=August 5, 2014|publisher=Time|date=August 4, 2014}} 119. ^{{Cite web| title = Better that five innocent students get expelled than one guilty student stay enrolled - The Washington Post| accessdate = September 29, 2017| url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/volokh-conspiracy/wp/2015/09/11/better-that-five-innocent-students-get-expelled-than-one-guilty-student-stay-enrolled/}} 120. ^{{Cite web| title = Polis sparks controversy with remarks about campus rape cases| accessdate = September 29, 2017| url = http://www.dailycamera.com/boulder-weather/ci_28792478/}} 121. ^{{Cite web| last = http://www.washingtontimes.com| first = The Washington Times| title = Jared Polis: 'I went too far' with campus rape remarks| accessdate = September 29, 2017| url = //www.washingtontimes.com/news/2015/sep/16/jared-polis-i-went-too-far-with-campus-rape-remark/}} 122. ^Hamblin, JamesIs Fermented Tea Making People Feel Enlightened Because of ... Alcohol?The Atlantic2016 Dec 8 https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2016/12/the-promises-of-kombucha/509786/ 123. ^http://polis.house.gov/uploadedfiles/ttb_polis_letter_9-14.pdf 124. ^Nicolas Pollock, James Hamblin, Jeremy RaffThe Kombucha Freedom WarriorIf Our Bodies Could Talk section of The Atlantichttps://www.theatlantic.com/video/index/509909/the-fight-to-legalize-kombucha/ 125. ^{{cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/07/us/politics/07frosh.html | title= New Voices in Congress Will Change the Tone of the Democratic Majority | date=January 6, 2009| work=The New York Times| accessdate=January 7, 2008 | first=Kate | last=Phillips}} 126. ^{{cite news|last=Terkel |first=Amanda |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/09/30/jared-polis-openly-gay-parent_n_989422.html |title=Jared Polis Announces Birth Of Son, Becoming First Openly Gay Parent In Congress |publisher=Huffington Post |date=September 30, 2011 |accessdate=December 16, 2011}} 127. ^{{cite news |last=Parkinson |first=John |title=House Democrat Jared Polis Becomes First Openly Gay Parent in Congress |url=http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/politics/2011/09/house-democrat-jared-polis-becomes-first-openly-gay-parent-in-congress |accessdate=September 30, 2011 |publisher=ABC News}} 128. ^'Gay congressman announces birth of new son', in Forbes, 09.30.11 [https://www.forbes.com/feeds/ap/2011/09/30/general-us-gay-congressman-birth-announcement_8710834.html] 129. ^{{cite news |last1=Bartells |first1=Lynn |title=Congressman Polis announces baby girl has joined family |url=https://www.denverpost.com/2014/07/04/congressman-polis-announces-baby-girl-has-joined-family/ |accessdate=26 November 2018 |publisher=Denver Post |date=July 4, 2014}} 130. ^{{cite web|last=Augustine |first=Josh |url=http://www.pcgamer.com/u-s-congressman-joins-league-of-legends-developer-in-urging-fans-to-oppose-sopapipa |title=U.S. Congressman joins League of Legends developer in urging fans to oppose SOPA/PIPA |publisher= pcgamer |date=January 11, 2012 |accessdate=January 11, 2012}} 131. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.jewishfederations.org/page.aspx?id=189354 |title=Three New Jewish Members of Congress |publisher=The Jewish Federations |accessdate=December 16, 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720030243/http://www.jewishfederations.org/page.aspx?id=189354 |archivedate=July 20, 2011 |df= }} 132. ^{{cite web|url=http://na.leagueoflegends.com/en/news/community/community-spotlight/jared-polis-community-congressman|title=Jared Polis: Community Congressman - League of Legends|website=na.leagueoflegends.com|accessdate=June 26, 2018}} 133. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.elections.colorado.gov/Content/Documents/2008_Abstract.pdf |title=Official Publication of the Abstract of Votes Cast for the 2008 Primary and 2008 General |accessdate=October 8, 2009 |date=August 14, 2009 |format=PDF |publisher=Secretary of State of Colorado}} 134. ^{{cite web|url=http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/2010election.pdf|title=Official Publication of the Abstract of Votes Cast for the 2008 Primary and 2010 General|format=PDF}} External links{{wikisource|Author:Jared Schutz Polis}}{{Commons category|Jared Polis}}{{wikiquote}}
Links formerly displayed via the CongLinks template:
from the at-large district|years=2001–2007}}{{s-non|reason=Seat abolished}} |-{{s-par|us-hs}}{{s-bef|before=Mark Udall}}{{s-ttl|title=Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Colorado's 2nd congressional district|years=2009–2019}}{{s-aft|after=Joe Neguse}} |-{{s-ppo}}{{s-bef|before=John Hickenlooper}}{{s-ttl|title=Democratic nominee for Governor of Colorado|years=2018}}{{s-inc|recent}} |-{{s-off}}{{s-bef|before=John Hickenlooper}}{{s-ttl|title=Governor of Colorado|years=2019–present}}{{s-inc}} |-{{s-prec|usa}}{{s-bef|rows=2|before={{Incumbent VPOTUS}}|as=Vice President}}{{s-ttl|rows=2|title=Order of Precedence of the United States|years=Within Colorado}}{{s-aft|after=Mayor of city in which event is held}} |-{{s-aft|after=Otherwise Nancy Pelosi {{nowrap|{{small|as Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives}}}}}} |-{{s-bef|before=Pete Ricketts|as=Governor of Nebraska}}{{s-ttl|title=Order of Precedence of the United States|years=Outside Colorado}}{{s-aft|after=Doug Burgum|as=Governor of North Dakota}}{{s-end}}{{Governors of Colorado}}{{Current U.S. governors}}{{Current Colorado statewide political officials}}{{ColoradoUSRepresentatives}}{{authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Polis, Jared}} 21 : 1975 births|21st-century American politicians|American people of Russian-Jewish descent|American Reform Jews|Businesspeople from Colorado|Colorado Democrats|Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives|Democratic Party state governors of the United States|Gay politicians|Governors of Colorado|Jewish members of the United States House of Representatives|LGBT Jews|LGBT members of the United States Congress|LGBT people from Colorado|Living people|Members of the United States House of Representatives from Colorado|Politicians from Boulder, Colorado|Philanthropists from Colorado|Princeton University alumni|School board members in Colorado|Jewish American state governors of the United States
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