| 词条 | Jean Clemens |
| 释义 |
| name = Jean Clemens | image = | image_size = | alt = | caption = | birth_name = Jane Lampton Clemens | birth_date = {{birth date|1880|07|26|mf=yes}} | birth_place = Hartford, Connecticut, U.S. | death_date = {{death date and age|1909|12|24|1880|07|26|mf=yes}} | death_place = Redding, Connecticut, U.S. | death_cause = Drowning | resting_place = Woodlawn Cemetery | monuments = | residence = | nationality = American | education = | alma_mater = | occupation = | parents = Mark Twain Olivia Langdon Clemens | relatives = Clara Clemens (sister) Susy Clemens (sister) }} Jane Lampton "Jean" Clemens (July 26, 1880 – December 24, 1909) was the youngest of the three daughters of Samuel Langhorne Clemens, better known by his pen name Mark Twain, and his wife Olivia Langdon Clemens. On Christmas Eve 1909, Clemens drowned in a bathtub at her father's home after an apparent seizure. Character and early lifeClemens was born in Hartford, Connecticut, the youngest of four children born to author and humorist Mark Twain and his wife Olivia Langdon Clemens.[1] The couple's first child, a son named Langdon, died of diphtheria at age 19 months. She had two older sisters: Susy and Clara. According to Mark Twain's Autobiography, Jean Clemens, like her mother, was a kind-hearted person and particularly fond of animals. She founded or worked with a number of societies for the protection of animals in the various locations where she lived.[2] EpilepsyShe had epilepsy from age fifteen, which her father attributed to a head injury she had suffered at age eight or nine.[3] The family spent years seeking cures in the United States and Europe. Twain also attributed her mood swings and sometimes erratic behavior to her uncontrolled epilepsy.[4] Olivia Langdon Clemens tried to include her daughter in family life despite her illness, but after her death in 1904 it was left to Twain and Jean's older sister Clara to manage her and the difficulties her illness caused. Twain's secretary, Isabel Lyon, claimed that on two occasions in 1906 Jean physically attacked Katy Leary, a maid for the family, and said she had wanted to kill her.[5] In her 2004 biography Dangerous Intimacy: The Untold Story of Mark Twain's Final Years, historian Karen Lystra questioned the accuracy of Lyon's account of Jean's violent behavior and suggests that Lyon manipulated a separation between father and daughter because Lyon hoped to marry Twain.[6] Jean was sent to an epilepsy colony in Katonah, New York in the fall of 1906 and her father denied her requests to come home, fearing that he could not care for her.[7] Twain fired Lyon and her new husband in 1909, claiming they were both guilty of embezzlement, and permitted Jean to return home in April 1909. Jean and her father seemed to get along well together, though Jean found her father stubborn and temperamental.[8] DeathIn December 1909, Jean Clemens was staying at her father's home, Stormfield in Redding, Connecticut and had decorated the home for the upcoming Christmas holiday. On the morning of December 24, 1909, she was found dead in the bathtub.[9] She had apparently suffered a seizure and drowned.[10][11] Clemens was buried in Woodlawn Cemetery in Elmira.[9] Mark Twain died nearly four months after Jean on April 21, 1910. Notes1. ^{{Cite book | url = https://books.google.com/?id=i2LiFNs_ZVUC&pg=PA60 | title = Mark Twain Along the Mississippi | first1 = Wayne | last1 = Youngblood | page = 60 | isbn = 0-8368-6435-2 | publisher = Gareth Stevens | year = 2006 | postscript = }} 2. ^{{cite web |author=Twain, Mark | year=1910| title= The Death of Jean|work=Mark Twain's Autobiography | url=http://classiclit.about.com/library/bl-etexts/mtwain/bl-mtwain-deathofjean.htm |accessdate = January 24, 2008}} 3. ^{{cite web |author=Trombley, Laura Skandera |year= |title=She Wanted to Kill: Jean Clemens and Postictal Psychosis |work=She Wanted to Kill: Jean Clemens and Postictal Psychosis |url=http://www.pitzer.edu/offices/president/speeches/jean_clemens.htm |accessdate=January 24, 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060902095940/http://www.pitzer.edu/offices/president/speeches/jean_clemens.htm |archivedate=September 2, 2006 |df=mdy-all }} 4. ^Ward, Duncan, and Burns (2001), p. 221 5. ^Ward, Duncan, and Burns (2001), pp. 227-230 6. ^Lystra (2004) 7. ^Ward, Duncan and Burns (2001), p. 230 8. ^Ward, Duncan, and Burns (2001), p. 248 9. ^1 {{cite book|editor1=LeMaster, J.R. |editor2=Wilson, James D. |title=The Routledge Encyclopedia of Mark Twain|year=2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=1-135-88128-6|page=153}} 10. ^{{Cite news | issn = 0362-4331 | title = Miss. Jean Clemens Found Dead in Bath | periodical = The New York Times | page = 1 | date = December 24, 1909 | publication-date = December 25, 1909 | place = Redding, Conn. | url = http://www.twainquotes.com/19091225.html | accessdate = 2008-04-21 | postscript = }} 11. ^Ward, Duncan and Burns (2001), pp. 250-251 References
12 : 1880 births|1909 deaths|Accidental deaths in Connecticut|Burials in New York (state)|Clemens family|Deaths by drowning|Deaths from epilepsy|Mark Twain|People from Hartford, Connecticut|People with epilepsy|People from Katonah, New York|Burials at Woodlawn Cemetery (Elmira, New York) |
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