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词条 Congress of the Union
释义

  1. Structure

  2. Elections

  3. Permanent Committee

  4. Term

     Reelection 

  5. Last election

     Senate  Chamber of Deputies 

  6. See also

  7. References

  8. External links

{{refimprove|date=February 2014}}{{Infobox legislature
| name = Congress of the Union
| native_name = Congreso de la Unión
| native_name_lang =
| transcription_name =
| legislature = LXIV Legislature
| coa_pic = Seal of the Government of Mexico (linear).svg
| coa_res =
| coa_alt = Seal of the Congress
| foundation = {{Start date|1821|09|28}}
| house_type = Bicameral
| body =
| houses = Senate
Chamber of Deputies
| term_limits =
| leader1_type = President of the
Senate
| leader1 = Martí Batres
| party1 = (MORENA)
| leader2_type = President of the
Chamber of Deputies
| leader2 = Porfirio Muñoz Ledo
| party2 = (MORENA)
| election1 = {{Start date|2018|9|1}}
| election2 = {{Start date|2018|9|1}}
| members = 628
(500 Deputies)
(128 Senators)
| house1 = Senate
| house2 = {{small|Chamber of Deputies}}
| structure1 = Senado de México (2018-2024).svg
| structure1_res = 250px
| structure1_alt =
| structure2 = Diputados de México (2018-2021).svg
| structure2_res = 250px
| structure2_alt =
| political_groups1 = Government (70)
  • {{colorbox|{{Morena/meta/color}}|border=darkgray}} MORENA (59)
  • {{colorbox|{{Social Encounter Party/meta/color}}|border=darkgray}} PES (6)
  • {{colorbox|{{Labor Party (Mexico)/meta/color}}|border=darkgray}} PT (5)
Opposition (58)
  • {{colorbox|{{National Action Party (Mexico)/meta/color}}|border=darkgray}} PAN (24)
  • {{colorbox|{{Institutional Revolutionary Party/meta/color}}|border=darkgray}} PRI (15)
  • {{colorbox|{{Convergence (Mexico)/meta/color}}|border=darkgray}} MC (7)
  • {{colorbox|{{Ecologist Green Party of Mexico/meta/color}}|border=darkgray}} PVEM (6)
  • {{colorbox|{{Party of the Democratic Revolution/meta/color}}|border=darkgray}} PRD (5)
  • {{colorbox|{{Independent politician/meta/color}}|border=darkgray}} Independent (1)

| political_groups2 = Government (314)
  • {{colorbox|{{Morena/meta/color}}|border=darkgray}} MORENA (256)
  • {{colorbox|{{Social Encounter Party/meta/color}}|border=darkgray}} PES (30)
  • {{colorbox|{{Labor Party (Mexico)/meta/color}}|border=darkgray}} PT (28)
Opposition (186)
  • {{colorbox|{{National Action Party (Mexico)/meta/color}}|border=darkgray}} PAN (78)
  • {{colorbox|{{Institutional Revolutionary Party/meta/color}}|border=darkgray}} PRI (47)
  • {{colorbox|{{Convergence (Mexico)/meta/color}}|border=darkgray}} MC (28)
  • {{colorbox|{{Party of the Democratic Revolution/meta/color}}|border=darkgray}} PRD (20)
  • {{colorbox|{{Ecologist Green Party of Mexico/meta/color}}|border=darkgray}} PVEM (11)
  • {{colorbox|{{Independent politician/meta/color}}|border=darkgray}} Independent (2)

| authority = {{small|Title III, Chapter II of the
Political Constitution of
the United Mexican States}}
| salary = $500,000 pesos (Senator)[1][2]
$150,139 pesos (Deputy)[3][4]
| last_election1 = {{Start date|2018|7|1}}
| last_election2 = {{Start date|2018|7|1}}
| motto = La Patria Es Primero{{Clear}}{{small|(The Country Is First)}}
| session_room = NewSenateBldgMexicoCity.jpg
| session_res =
| session_alt =
| meeting_place = Senate
Palacio del Senado
Mexico City
| session_room2 = San lazaro.jpg
| session_res2 =
| session_alt2 =
| meeting_place2 = Deputies
Palacio Legislativo de San Lázaro
Mexico City
| website = Senate Website
Chamber of Deputies Website
| constitution = Mexican Constitution of 1917
| footnotes =
}}

The Congress of the Union ({{lang-es|Congreso de la Unión}}), formally known as the General Congress of the United Mexican States (Congreso General de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos), is the bicameral legislature of the federal government of Mexico consisting of two chambers: the Senate of the Republic and the Chamber of Deputies.

The Congress of the Union meets in Mexico City and consists of 628 members: 500 deputies and 128 senators.

Structure

{{main|Senate of the Republic (Mexico)|Chamber of Deputies (Mexico)}}

The Congress is a bicameral body, consisting of two chambers: Senate of the Republic and the Chamber of Deputies. Its structure and responsibilities are defined in the Third Title, Second Chapter, Articles 50 to 79 of the 1917 Constitution. The upper chamber is the Senate, "Cámara de Senadores" or "Senado". It comprises 128 seats, 96 members are elected by direct popular vote for six-year terms; the other 32 seats are allocated based on proportional representation. The lower house is the Chamber of Deputies, or "Cámara de Diputados". It has 500 seats; 300 members are elected by popular vote to three-year terms, and the other 200 seats are allocated according to proportional representation.

Elections

{{Main|Elections in Mexico}}

The Congress of the Union (Congreso de la Unión) has two chambers. The Chamber of Deputies (Cámara de Diputados) has 500 members, each elected for a three-year term, 300 of whom are elected in single-seat constituencies by plurality, with the remaining 200 members elected by proportional representation in 5 multi-state, 40-seat constituencies.[5] The 200 PR-seats are distributed generally without taking account the 300 plurality-seats (parallel voting), but since 1996 a party cannot get more seats overall than 8% above its result for the PR-seats (a party must win 42% of the votes for the PR-seats to achieve an overall majority).

There are two exceptions to that rule. A party can lose only PR-seats by that rule (not plurality-seats). Also, a party cannot get more than 300 seats overall (even if it has more than 52% of the votes for the PR-seats).

The Chamber of Senators (Cámara de Senadores) has 128 members, elected for a six-year term, 96 of them in three-seat constituencies (corresponding to the nation's 31 states and one Federal District) and 32 by proportional representation on a nationwide basis.[6] In the state constituencies, two seats are awarded to the plurality winner and one to the first runner-up.

Permanent Committee

The "{{lang|es|Comisión Permanente del Congreso de la Unión}}", translated variously as the Permanent Committee or Standing Committee, is a body of 19 deputies and 18 senators that is responsible for tasks relating to the Congress when it is in recess.

Term

It is conventional to refer to each Legislature by the Roman numeral of its term. Thus, the current Congress (whose term lasts from 2018 to 2021) is known as the "LXIV Legislature"; the previous Congress (whose term lasted from 2015 to 2018) was the "LXIII Legislature", and so forth. The I Legislature of Congress was the first Constitutional congress after the 1857 Constitution.

Early in the 20th century, the revolutionary leader Francisco I. Madero popularized the slogan Sufragio Efectivo – no Reelección ("Effective suffrage, no reelection"). In keeping with that long-held principle, and until 2014, the 1917 Constitution stated that "Deputies and Senators could not be reelected for the next immediate term".[7]

Reelection

On February 10, 2014, the Mexican Constitution was amended to allow reelection to the legislative bodies for the first time. Starting with the general election of 2018, Deputies and Senators are allowed to run for reelection.[8]

Members of the Chamber of Deputies may serve up to four terms of three years each while members of the Senate may serve two terms of six years each; in total, members of both houses will be allowed to remain in office for a total of 12 years.[9]

Last election

{{see also|Mexican general election, 2018|LXIV Legislature of the Mexican Congress}}

Senate

PartyConstituencyProportionalTotal
seats		+/–
Votes%SeatsVotes%Seats
National Regeneration Movement661,0681.18221,261,57737.501355New
National Action Party600,4231.0719,971,80417.59623{{decrease}} 15
Institutional Revolutionary Party3,855,9846.8609,013,65815.90613{{Decrease}} 44
Party of the Democratic Revolution96,3930.1702,984,8615.2728{{decrease}} 15
Citizens' Movement570,7741.0122,654,4524.6827{{increase}} 6
Ecologist Green Party1,198,0112.1302,528,1754.4627{{decrease}} 3
Labor Party51,2600.0902,164,4423.8216{{increase}} 2
Social Encounter Party28,8780.0501,320,5592.3308New
New Alliance Party593,5071.0601,307,0152.3101{{steady}} 0
MORENA–PT–PES{{ref label|reference_name_A|a|a}}23,754,42242.2453–––––
PAN–PRD–MC{{ref label|reference_name_B|b|b}}14,222,04625.2925–––––
PRI–PVEM–PNA{{ref label|reference_name_C|c|c}}7,145,86912.7113–––––
Independents1,109,1491.97–1,109,1491.97–0{{steady}} 0
Write-ins30,5680.05–31,8200.06–––
Invalid/blank votes2,319,4894.12–2,344,3574.14–––
Total56,237,8411009656,691,869100321280
Registered voters/turnout89,994,03962.49–89,994,03963.52–––
Source: [https://computos2018.ine.mx/#/senadurias/nacional/1/2/1/2 INE]
{{note label|reference_name_A|a|a}} Of the 53 seats won by the MORENA-PT–PES alliance, 40 were taken by MORENA, 8 by the PES, and 5 by the PT{{note label|reference_name_B|b|b}} Of the 25 seats won by the PAN–PRD–MC alliance, 16 were taken by the PAN, 6 by the PRD, and 3 by the MC{{note label|reference_name_C|c|c}} Of the 13 seats won by the PRI–PVEM–PNA alliance, 7 were taken by the PRI, 5 by the PVEM, and 1 by the PNA

Chamber of Deputies

PartyDistrictProportionalTotal
seats		+/–
Votes%SeatsVotes%Seats
National Regeneration Movement709,8401.27820,972,57337.2584189{{increase}} 154
National Action Party697,5951.25510,096,58817.934183{{decrease}} 25
Institutional Revolutionary Party4,351,8247.7819,310,52316.543845{{decrease}} 158
Party of the Democratic Revolution124,8080.2202,967,9695.271221{{decrease}} 35
Ecologist Green Party1,429,8022.5502,695,4054.791116{{decrease}} 31
Citizens' Movement268,8760.4802,485,1984.411027{{increase}} 1
Labor Party67,4290.1202,211,7533.93461{{increase}} 55
New Alliance Party705,4321.2601,391,3762.4702{{decrease}} 8
Social Encounter Party54,9060.1001,353,9412.40056{{increase}} 48
MORENA–PT–PES{{ref label|reference_name_A|a|a}}23,513,13242.01210–––––
PAN–PRD–MC{{ref label|reference_name_B|b|b}}14,381,87225.7063–––––
PRI–PVEM–PNA{{ref label|reference_name_C|c|c}}6,862,37212.2613–––––
Independents539,3470.960539,3470.9600{{decrease}} 1
Write-ins32,6250.06–32,9590.06–––
Invalid/blank votes2,227,5733.98–2,242,6153.98–––
Total55,967,43310030056,300,2471002005000
Registered voters/turnout89,994,03962.20–89,994,03963.21–––
Source: [https://computos2018.ine.mx/#/diputaciones/nacional/1/3/1/1 INE]
{{note label|reference_name_A|a|a}} Of the 210 seats won by the MORENA-PT–PES alliance, 97 were taken by MORENA, 57 by the PT, and 56 by the PES{{note label|reference_name_B|b|b}} Of the 63 seats won by the PAN–PRD–MC alliance, 37 were taken by the PAN, 17 by the MC, and 9 by the PRD{{note label|reference_name_C|c|c}} Of the 13 seats won by the PRI–PVEM–PNA alliance, 6 were taken by the PRI, 5 by the PVEM, and 2 by the PNA

See also

  • Chamber of Deputies (Mexico)
  • Senate (Mexico)
  • Politics of Mexico
  • List of legislatures by country

References

1. ^{{cite web |title=Manual de Percepciones de los Senadores... |url=http://www.senado.gob.mx/admon/docs/recursos_humanos/manual_percepciones.pdf|page= 5 |publisher=Senado de la República |accessdate=19 August 2011}}{{dead link|date=February 2017|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}
2. ^{{cite web|title=2 Mil 312 Millones Para Sueldos de Senadores y Diputados en 2010. |url=http://foros.elsiglodetorreon.com.mx/foro.php?foro=4&post=336233 |publisher=El Siglo de Torreón |accessdate=19 August 2011 |archiveurl=https://archive.is/20120629080334/http://foros.elsiglodetorreon.com.mx/politica/336233-2+mil+312+millones+para+sueldos+de+senadores+y+diputados+en+2010.html |archivedate=29 June 2012 |deadurl=yes |df= }}
3. ^{{cite web|title=Poder Legislativo |url=http://www.diputados.gob.mx/LeyesBiblio/marjur/marco/Dip_manual_remun_28feb11.pdf |publisher=Cámara de Diputados |accessdate=19 August 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111203030718/http://www.diputados.gob.mx/LeyesBiblio/marjur/marco/Dip_manual_remun_28feb11.pdf |archivedate=3 December 2011 |df= }}
4. ^{{cite web |title=Consejeros del InfoDF ganan más que Ebrard. |url=http://www.razon.com.mx/spip.php?article80027 |publisher=La Razón |access-date=19 August 2018}}
5. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.eleccion2012mexico.com/project-definition |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2011-08-29 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110823081417/http://www.eleccion2012mexico.com/project-definition |archivedate=2011-08-23 |df= }}
6. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.eleccion2012mexico.com/project-definition |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2011-08-29 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110823081417/http://www.eleccion2012mexico.com/project-definition |archivedate=2011-08-23 |df= }}
7. ^Constitution of 1917, article 50, 59.
8. ^{{cite web|title=Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos. Artículo 59.|url=http://info4.juridicas.unam.mx/ijure/fed/9/62.htm|website=Instituto de Investigaciones Jurídicas de la UNAM|accessdate=2 April 2015|language=Spanish|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20031014004128/http://info4.juridicas.unam.mx/ijure/fed/9/62.htm|archivedate=14 October 2003|df=}}
9. ^{{cite web|last1=Becerra|first1=Bertha|title=Habría reelección de diputados y senadores a partir del 2018|url=http://www.oem.com.mx/laprensa/notas/n3397907.htm|website=La Prensa|publisher=Organización Editorial Mexicana|accessdate=1 April 2015|language=Spanish|date=20 May 2014}}

External links

  • Chamber of Deputies
  • Senate
{{Mexico topics}}{{National bicameral legislatures}}{{Legislatures of the Americas}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Congress Of Mexico}}

4 : Congress of the Union|National legislatures|Parliaments by country|Bicameral legislatures
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