“Jean Joseph Henri Toussaint”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条

Jean Joseph Henri Toussaint

释义

References

Jean Joseph Henri Toussaint (30 April 1847 – 3 August 1890) was a French veterinarian born in Rouvres-la-Chétive, department of Vosges.

In 1869 he received his diploma from the school of veterinary medicine in Lyon. In 1876 he was appointed professor of anatomy, physiology and zoology at the veterinary school of Toulouse.

Toussaint is remembered for contributions made in the field of bacteriology. From his research, he conducted important investigations of chicken cholera,^[1] septicemia and tuberculosis.

Probably, his most significant contribution was the development of a method of vaccination against anthrax. However, credit for creation of the anthrax vaccine went to Louis Pasteur, following Pasteur's celebrated demonstration with the vaccine on sheep at Pouilly-le-Fort in 1881. At Pouilly-le-Fort, Pasteur used a vaccine attenuated by potassium dichromate, employing a process similar to Toussaint's, who had published a means of attenuation by another antiseptic, carbolic acid. Pasteur never gave proper credit to Toussaint and his discovery. Pasteur's nephew, bacteriologist Adrien Loir (1862-1941) was aware of Toussaint's work with the vaccine, of which he documented in the 1938 treatise, A l'ombre de Pasteur ("In the Shadow of Pasteur").

From 1881, Toussaint was in declining health, reportedly from a nerve-related disease. He died on 3 August 1890 at the age of 43.

References

On the Anthrax Inoculation by Robert Koch
Parts of this article are based on a translation of the equivalent article from the French Wikipedia.

1. ^{{cite book |last1=Rom |first1=Harré |title=Great scientific experiments : twenty experiments that changed our view of the world |date=2002 |publisher=Dover Publications |isbn=0-486-42263-1 |page=106 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yTqoV1aJWtkC&pg=PA106 |chapter=The discovery of the attenuation of 'viruses'}}

随便看

开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。