| 词条 | Jefferson Caffery |
| 释义 |
| name = Jefferson Caffery | image = | image_size = | caption = | office = United States Ambassador to Egypt | president = Harry S. Truman Dwight D. Eisenhower | term_start = September 29, 1949 | term_end = January 11, 1955 | predecessor = Stanton Griffis | successor = Henry A. Byroade | office1 = United States Ambassador to France | president1 = Franklin D. Roosevelt Harry S. Truman | term_start1 = December 30, 1944 | term_end1 = May 13, 1949 | predecessor1 = Somerville Pinkney Tuck (Acting) | successor1 = David K. E. Bruce | office2 = United States Ambassador to Brazil | president2 = Franklin D. Roosevelt | term_start2 = August 17, 1937 | term_end2 = September 17, 1944 | predecessor2 = Hugh S. Gibson | successor2 = Adolf A. Berle, Jr. | office3 = United States Ambassador to Cuba | president3 = Franklin D. Roosevelt | term_start3 = February 28, 1934 | term_end3 = March 9, 1937 | predecessor3 = Sumner Welles | successor3 = J. Butler Wright | office4 = United States Assistant Secretary of State | president4 = Franklin D. Roosevelt | term_start4 = July 12, 1933 | term_end4 = December 4, 1933 | predecessor4 = | successor4 = | office5 = United States Ambassador to Colombia | president5 = Calvin Coolidge | term_start5 = November 28, 1928 | term_end5 = May 20, 1933 | predecessor5 = Samuel H. Piles | successor5 = Sheldon Whitehouse | office6 = United States Ambassador to El Salvador | president6 = Calvin Coolidge | term_start6 = July 20, 1926 | term_end6 = July 22, 1928 | predecessor6 = Montgomery Schuyler, Jr. | successor6 = Warren Delano Robbins | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date|1886|12|01}} | birth_place = Lafayette, Louisiana, U.S. | death_date = {{death date and age|1974|04|13|1886|12|01|mf=y}} | death_place = | occupation = | alma_mater = Southwestern Louisiana Industrial Institute Tulane University | spouse = {{marriage|Gertrude McCarthy |November 20, 1937|July 13, 1973|reason=her death}} | children = | parents = Charles Duval Caffery Mary Catherine Parkerson | relations = Donelson Caffery (cousin) Patrick T. Caffery (cousin) | signature = Jefferson Caffery signature.jpg }}Jefferson Caffery (December 1, 1886 – April 13, 1974) was a distinguished American diplomat. He served as U.S. Ambassador to El Salvador (1926–1928), Colombia (1928–1933), Cuba (1934–1937), Brazil (1937–1944), France (1944–1949), and Egypt (1949–1955).[1] Early lifeCaffery was born in Lafayette, Louisiana, to Charles Duval Caffery and Mary Catherine (née Parkerson) Caffery.[2] He was privately educated in primary and secondary school. He was a member of the first graduating class of Southwestern Louisiana Industrial Institute, which later became the University of Louisiana at Lafayette. He also graduated with a bachelor's degree from Tulane University in 1906. He was admitted to the Louisiana bar in 1909.[3] Caffery was the cousin of U.S. Senator Donelson Caffery and U.S. Representative Patrick T. Caffery.[3] CareerCaffery launched his career of international diplomacy in 1911 when he entered the Foreign Service as second secretary of the legation in Caracas in 1911 during the William Howard Taft administration.[2] He traveled to Iran (then named Persia) in 1916, to Paris after World War I with President Wilson’s peacemakers, then to Washington, D.C., to arrange details for visits by the King of Belgium and the Prince of Wales. In 1920, he was named second-in-command at the U.S. Embassy in Madrid. In 1933, Caffery briefly served as assistant secretary of state under Cordell Hull.[3] Throughout his career he also had worked in lower-ranking diplomatic posts in Belgium, Germany, Greece, Japan, Persia, Sweden, and Venezuela.[2] Service in ColombiaAs the U.S. ambassador to Colombia, Jefferson was heavily involved in the Banana Massacre that occurred in 1928 in the small, coastal town of Ciénaga. Tired of terrible working conditions and very little wages (workers were paid in United Fruit Company store credit), banana farmers went on strike in protest. In order to protect the interests of the United Fruit Company, Caffery reported to U.S. Secretary of State Frank Billings Kellogg that leaders of the strike would be immediately arrested and sent to prison in nearby Cartagena. Martial law was declared soon after and an unknown number of workers and their families were shot by a firing squad in the town square.[4] Service in CubaIn 1934, while ambassador to Cuba, four assailants attempted to assassinate Caffery in front of his home in Havana. The assailants waited outside of his residence for his daily departure to his yacht club. One assailant was killed by a bodyguard, the others escaped. Caffery was not hurt. The event was reported on the front page of the New Orleans Times Picayune, dated May 28, 1934.[2][5] Service in EgyptAfter his appointment to Cairo in 1949, there was a coup d'etat headed by a junta of Egyptian army officers that led to the abdication of King Farouk on July 23, 1952. The junta was headed by Mohammed Naguib and Gamal Abdel Nasser, who demanded the departure of the British from the Suez Canal zone.[3] Caffery served as intermediary between the Egyptian and British Governments in the negotiations, and his "long experience in diplomacy, together with the respect in which he was held by the Egyptian Government, enabled him to arrange for the gradual departure of the British."[3] In 1954, the British agreed to evacuate their military bases in the Canal Zone until the summer of 1956, but were given the right to return in case of an attack by an outside power against an Arab League member state or Turkey.[6] In total, he worked 43 years in foreign service under eight U.S. presidents: Taft, Wilson, Harding, Coolidge, Hoover, F. D. Roosevelt, Truman, and Eisenhower.[2][7] Personal lifeOn November 20, 1937, Caffery, then 41 years old, married Gertrude McCarthy of Evansville, Indiana,[8] while in Rio de Janeiro.[9][10] They had no children.[3] He retired with his wife in 1955 to reside in Rome, where he was the honorary private chamberlain to Popes Pius XII, Pope John XXIII, and Paul VI. He returned to Lafayette in 1973, shortly before Mrs. Caffery's death on July 13, 1973. Caffery himself died on April 14, 1974.[11] The Cafferys are buried behind St. John’s Cathedral in Lafayette.[12] Honors and awardsHe was awarded the Foreign Service Cup in 1971 by his fellow Foreign Service officers. He held several honorary degrees and decorations, including the Laetare Medal from the University of Notre Dame in South Bend, Indiana, in 1954. He received the Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour from the president of France in 1949 and the Order of the Cordon of the Republic from the president of Egypt in 1955.[11][13] Ambassador Caffery was also bestowed a knighthood in the Sovereign Military Order of Malta (SMOM) by the Grand Master of that Order, for his outstanding service to the Catholic Church.[11] A portion of Louisiana Highway 3073 in Lafayette is named the "Ambassador Caffery Parkway" in his memory. In 2000, Caffery was inducted into the Louisiana Political Museum and Hall of Fame in Winnfield.[14] References
1. ^{{cite web|title=Jefferson Caffery - People - Department History|url=https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/people/caffery-jefferson|website=history.state.gov|publisher=Office of the Historian, Bureau of Public Affairs United States Department of State|accessdate=24 January 2018|language=en}} 2. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite book|last1=Griffin|first1=Harry Lewis|title=The Attakapas Country: A History of Lafayette Parish, Louisiana|date=1959|publisher=Pelican Publishing|isbn=9781455600465|pages=203–205|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5is-IIyu5N8C&pg=PA203&lpg=PA203|accessdate=24 January 2018|language=en}} 3. ^{{cite book|last1=Croft|first1=Clare|title=Queer Dance|date=2017|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780199377343|page=136|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sKSPDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA136&lpg=PA136|accessdate=24 January 2018|language=en}} 4. ^Koeppel, D. (n.d.). Banana : The fate of the fruit that changed the world. New York: Hudson Street Press. 5. ^{{cite news|title=Cuba's Trade with Us.|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1935/02/24/archives/cubas-trade-with-us.html|accessdate=24 January 2018|work=The New York Times|date=24 February 1935}} 6. ^{{cite web|title=Agreement between the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Egyptian Government regarding the Suez Canal Base|url=http://foto.archivalware.co.uk/data/Library2/pdf/1955-TS0067.pdf|website=treaties.fco.gov.uk/|publisher=Foreign and Commonwealth Office|accessdate=4 March 2019|language=en}} 7. ^{{cite news|title=RETIRING CAFFERY HONORED BY EGYPT; U.S. Envoy Wins Recognition for Major Role in Ending Cairo-London Disputes|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1955/01/10/archives/retiring-caffery-honored-by-egypt-us-envoy-wins-recognition-for.html|accessdate=24 January 2018|work=The New York Times|date=January 10, 1955}} 8. ^{{cite news|title=JEFFERSON CAFFERY TO WED SATURDAY; United States Ambassador to Brazil to Marry Gertrude McCarthy of Chicago|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1937/11/18/archives/jefferson-caffery-to-wed-saturday-united-states-ambassador-to.html|accessdate=24 January 2018|work=The New York Times|date=18 November 1937}} 9. ^{{cite news|title=CAFFERY WEDDING TODAY; Ambassador's Bride Will Be Miss Gertrude McCarthy of Chicago|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1937/11/20/archives/caffery-wedding-today-ambassadors-bride-will-be-miss-gertrude.html|accessdate=24 January 2018|work=The New York Times|date=20 November 1937}} 10. ^{{cite news|title=CAFFERY, DIPLOMAT, MARRIED IN BRAZIL; Cardinal Leme de Silviera Officiates at Bridal of Miss McCarthy and Ambassador|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1937/11/21/archives/caffery-diplomat-married-in-brazil-cardinal-leme-de-silviera.html|accessdate=24 January 2018|work=The New York Times|date=21 November 1937}} 11. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{cite news|title=Jefferson Caffery Dean of Diplomatic Service, Dies|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1974/04/14/archives/jefferson-caffery-dean-of-diplomatic-service-dies-44-years-in.html|accessdate=24 January 2018|work=The New York Times|date=14 April 1974}} 12. ^{{cite news|title=Caffery Funeral Is Set for Today|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1974/04/15/archives/caffery-funeral-is-set-for-today.html|accessdate=24 January 2018|work=The New York Times|date=15 April 1974}} 13. ^{{cite news|title=Dijon Honors Caffery|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1947/05/19/archives/dijon-honors-caffery.html|accessdate=24 January 2018|work=The New York Times|date=19 May 1947}} 14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cityofwinnfield.com/museum.html |title=Louisiana Political Museum and Hall of Fame |publisher=cityofwinnfield.com |accessdate=August 22, 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090703054258/http://cityofwinnfield.com/museum.html |archivedate=July 3, 2009 |df= }}
External links
| title = U.S. Minister to El Salvador | before = Montgomery Schuyler, Jr. | after= Warren D. Robbins | years=20 July 1926–22 July 1928 }}{{succession box | title = United States Minister to Colombia | before=Samuel H. Piles | after=Sheldon Whitehouse | years=28 November 1928–20 May 1933 }}{{succession box | title=United States Ambassador to Cuba | before=Sumner Welles | after=J. Butler Wright | years=1934–1937 }}{{succession box | title=United States Ambassador to Brazil | before=Hugh S. Gibson | after=Adolf A. Berle, Jr. | years=17 August 1937–17 September 1944 }}{{succession box | title=United States Ambassador to France | before=William D. Leahy (to 1942) | after=David K. E. Bruce | years=1944–1949 }}{{succession box | title=United States Ambassador to Egypt | before=Stanton Griffis | after=Henry A. Byroade | years=1949–1955 }}{{s-end}}{{Louisiana Ragin' Cajuns football coach navbox}}{{US Ambassadors to Brazil}}{{US Ambassadors to Colombia}}{{US Ambassadors to France}}{{Cuba-United States relations}}{{Louisiana Political Museum and Hall of Fame}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Caffery, Jefferson}} 14 : 1886 births|1974 deaths|Ambassadors of the United States to El Salvador|Ambassadors of the United States to Colombia|Ambassadors of the United States to Cuba|Ambassadors of the United States to Brazil|Ambassadors of the United States to France|Ambassadors of the United States to Egypt|20th-century American lawyers|Laetare Medal recipients|Louisiana Ragin' Cajuns football coaches|Tulane University alumni|University of Louisiana at Lafayette alumni|People from Lafayette, Louisiana |
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