| 词条 | Jerzy Turowicz |
| 释义 |
|name = Jerzy Turowicz |image = Jerzy Turowicz 1994.jpg |image_size = 150px |caption = Jerzy Turowicz, Warsaw, in 1994 |birth_name = |birth_date = 10 December 1912 |birth_place = Kraków |death_date = {{death date and age|1999|1|27|1912|12|10|df=y}} |death_place = Kraków |residence = Kraków |nationality = Polish |alma_mater = Jagiellonian University |occupation = Journalist and editor |years_active = 1930s–1999 |net_worth = |boards = |spouse = Anna Gąsiorowska |children = 3 |parents = |signature = |website = }} Jerzy Turowicz ({{IPA-pl|ˈjɛʐɨ tuˈrɔvit͡ʂ}}; 10 December 1912 – 27 January 1999) was a leading Polish Catholic journalist and editor for much of the post-Second World War period[1]. He was editor of the Catholic weekly Tygodnik Powszechny from 1945 until his death in 1999, except for three years in the early 1950s. Early life and educationTurowicz was born on 10 December 1912 in Kraków, the son of Klotylda (Turnau) and August Turowicz, a judge.[2][3][4][5] In 1930, he joined a Catholic youth organization, called Rebirth.[3][6] He graduated from Jagiellonian University in 1939 with a degree in philosophy.[2] Career and activitiesTurowicz was appointed chief editor of Głos Narodu in 1939.[2] During World War II, he worked in the underground journals.[3] In 1945, he became editor of the Catholic weekly Tygodnik Powszechny, which he also cofounded.[7] It was financed by Adam Sapieha, Archbishop of Kraków.[12] However, there is another report, arguing that Sapieha was loosely related to the weekly.[3] Turowicz made his career there, through all the changes in the political and social nature of the country. He served as the editor of the weekly until his death in 1999, with only a three-year interruption from 1953 to 1956.[2] The reason for this interruption was the refusal of Turowicz to publish an obituary for Josef Stalin.[3] During this period the weekly was under the control of the communist regime and the editor was Jan Piwowarczyk.[8] In 1956, Turowicz both returned to his editorial post and was made a member of the Sejm, Polish Parliament, along with other Catholic figures.[9] He was a member of the Round Table negotiations during the Polish revolution in 1989, leading to the fall of communist regime in the country.[6] Turowicz's articles published in various dailies and other publications were compiled and published by the Znak publishing house in 1963, in 1990 and in 1999.[7] Personal life and deathIn 1938, Turowicz married Anna Gąsiorowska and they had three daughters,[2] one of whom is the psycholinguist Magdalena Smoczyńska.[10] He died of a heart attack in Kraków on 27 January 1999.[11] His grandson is Polish-American cinematographer Lukasz Jogalla and his great-grandson is American actor Pico Alexander. Legacy and awardsIn 1995, Turowicz was awarded the Order of the White Eagle, the highest state award of Poland and silver Kraków service medal.[7][12] In 1998, Maria Zmarz-Koczanowicz produced the documentary, Ordinary Kindness (Zwyczajna dobroć), telling the story of Turowicz. On 10 December 2012, the 100th anniversary of Turowicz's birth, a plaque in honor of him was unveiled in Kraków.[13] References1. ^Jerzy Turowicz. {{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Turowicz, Jerzy}}2. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite news|title=Obituary: Jerzy Turowicz|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/obituary-jerzy-turowicz-1076883.html|accessdate=8 September 2013|newspaper=The Independent|date=29 January 1999|author=Felix Corley}} 3. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite book|author=R. Palmer Domenico|title=Encyclopedia of Modern Christian Politics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z8ZixRcQfV8C&pg=PA573|accessdate=8 September 2013|year=2006|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-313-32362-1|pages=573}} 4. ^http://www.jerzyturowicz.pl/ewa-prejsner/ 5. ^http://www.readingmalopolska.pl/en/miasta-w-szlakach,31,krakow,1300.chtm 6. ^1 {{cite book|author=Andrzej Paczkowski|title=The Spring Will be Ours: Poland and the Poles from Occupation to Freedom|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WoKQWem2yl4C&pg=PA550|accessdate=8 September 2013|year=2003|publisher=Penn State Press|isbn=978-0-271-04753-9|pages=550}} 7. ^1 2 {{cite web|title=Krakow Authors|url=http://krakowcityofliterature.com/city-of-literature/krakow-authors/|work=Krakow. City of Literature|accessdate=8 September 2013}} 8. ^{{cite book|author=Tadeusz Kantor|title=A Journey Through Other Spaces: Essays and Manifestos, 1944-1990|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hSz0r1p_ZFUC&pg=PA271|accessdate=8 September 2013|year=1993|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-91439-1|page=271}} 9. ^{{cite book|author=Annika Frieberg|title=The Project of Reconciliation: Journalists and Religious Activists in Polish-German Relations, 1956--1972|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GkV7PIHGe4gC&pg=PA54|accessdate=8 September 2013|year=2008|publisher=ProQuest|isbn=978-0-549-53566-9|pages=54}} 10. ^[https://web.archive.org/web/20010303004205/http://www.tygodnik.com.pl/ludzie/turowicz/kalendarium/12-55.html Biography of Jerzy Turowicz on website of Tygodnik Powszechny] 11. ^1 {{cite news|title=Jerzy Turowicz Is Dead at 86; Anti-Communist Polish Editor|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/01/29/world/jerzy-turowicz-is-dead-at-86-anti-communist-polish-editor.html|accessdate=8 September 2013|newspaper=The New York Times|date=29 January 1999|author=Michael T. Kaufman}} 12. ^Postanowienie Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej z dnia 3 maja 1994 r. o nadaniu orderu 13. ^{{cite web|title=Consul General Attends Unveiling of Plaque in Memory of Jerzy Turowicz |url=http://krakow.usconsulate.gov/event121012turowicz.html |work=Consulate General of the US |accessdate=8 September 2013 |date=10 December 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130213230208/http://krakow.usconsulate.gov/event121012turowicz.html |archivedate=13 February 2013 |df= }} 9 : 1912 births|1999 deaths|People from Kraków|Jagiellonian University alumni|Polish journalists|Polish Roman Catholics|Members of the Sejm of the Republic of Poland|Polish Round Table Talks participants|Recipients of the Order of Polonia Restituta |
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