| 词条 | Jesu, der du meine Seele, BWV 78 |
| 释义 |
| title = {{lang|de|Jesu, der du meine Seele}} | bwv = 78 | image = Rist Johann.jpg | caption = Johann Rist, the author of the hymn | type = Chorale cantata | occasion = 14th Sunday after Trinity | performed = {{Timeline-event|date={{Start date|1724|09|10|df=y}}|location=Leipzig}} | movements = seven | text_poet = anonymous | chorale = {{based on|"{{lang|de|Jesu, der du meine Seele}}"|Johann Rist}} | vocal = {{abbr|SATB|soprano, alto, tenor and bass}} choir and solo | instrumental = {{hlist | horn | flauto traverso | 2 oboes | 2 violins | viola | violone | continuo }} | italic title = no }} {{lang|de|Jesu, der du meine Seele}} (Jesus, who hast wrested my soul),[1] {{abbr|BWV|Bach-Werke-Verzeichnis (catalogue of Bach's works)}}{{nbsp}}78 is a church cantata of Johann Sebastian Bach. He composed the chorale cantata in Leipzig for the 14th Sunday after Trinity and first performed it on 10 September 1724. It is based on the hymn by Johann Rist. History and wordsBach wrote the cantata in his second year in Leipzig, when he composed an annual cycle of chorale cantatas. For the 14th Sunday after Trinity, 10 September 1724, he chose the chorale of Johann Rist (1641) in 12 stanzas. Rist set the words and probably also the melody.[2] An unknown librettist wrote the poetry for seven movements, retaining the first and last stanza and quoting some of the original lines as part of his own writing in the other movements. Movement 2 corresponds to stanza 2 of the chorale, 6 to 11, 3 to 3–5, 4 to 6–7, and 5 to 8–10.[3] The prescribed readings for the Sunday were from the Epistle to the Galatians, Paul's teaching on "works of the flesh" and "fruit of the Spirit" ({{Sourcetext|source=Bible|version=King James|book=Galatians|chapter=5|verse=16|range=–24}}), and from the Gospel of Luke, Cleansing ten lepers ({{Sourcetext|source=Bible|version=King James|book=Luke|chapter=17|verse=11|range=–19}}).[3] The chorale seems only distantly related, dealing with the Passion of Jesus, which cleanses the believer. The poet refers to sickness and healing in a few lines, more than the chorale does, such as "{{lang|de|Du suchst die Kranken}}" (you search for the sick).[3] Scoring and structureThe cantata in seven movements is scored for soprano, alto, tenor and bass soloists, a four-part choir, and a Baroque instrumental ensemble of flauto traverso, two oboes, two violins, viola, violone and basso continuo including organ and horn in the opening chorus.
MusicThe cantata is remarkable for its widely contrasting affects: meditative profundity in the opening chorus, nearly joyful though hesitant bouncing in the second movement, and despair in the third. The opening chorus is a chorale fantasia in the form of a {{lang|it|passacaglia}}. The theme, known as {{lang|la|passus duriusculus}} or chromatic fourth, appears 27 times, sometimes reversed, sometimes in different keys. It was already known before Bach, who used it first in movement 5 of his early cantata for Easter {{lang|de|Christ lag in Todes Banden, BWV 4 |italic=unset}}, and notably in {{lang|de|Weinen, Klagen, Sorgen, Zagen, BWV 12 |italic=unset}}, which was a model for the {{lang|la|Crucifixus}} of his Mass in B minor. The soprano has the {{lang|la|cantus firmus}}, the other part expresses the meaning of the words in polyphony on a variety of motifs. The duet for soprano and alto speaks of rushing steps, shown predominantly in the figures of the continuo of celli, violone and organ. The recitative begins secco, but ends in an arioso on words of the original chorale. The aria is accompanied by flute motifs to express the relief of the heart. The recitative for bass with strings is reminiscent of the {{lang|la|vox Christi}} (voice of Christ) in Bach's Passions, marked with unusual precision: vivace, adagio, andante, con ardore. Bach achieves a dramatic impact, intensified by leaps in the vocal line. The last aria is similar to a concerto for oboe and the bass voice. The closing chorale sets the original tune in four parts.[3] Recordings
References1. ^1 {{cite web| last = Dellal| first = Pamela| authorlink = Pamela Dellal| url = http://www.emmanuelmusic.org/notes_trans/transl_cantata/bwv078.htm| title = BWV 78 – "Jesu, der du meine Seele"| publisher = Emmanuel Music| accessdate = 15 September 2014}} [1][2][3]2. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite book| last = Dürr| first = Alfred| authorlink = Alfred Dürr| title = Die Kantaten von Johann Sebastian Bach| year = 1981| publisher = Deutscher Taschenbuchverlag| isbn = 3-423-04080-7| volume = 1| edition = 4| pages = 433–436| language = German}} 3. ^1 {{cite web| url = http://www.bach-cantatas.com/CM/Jesu-der-du-meine-Seele.htm| title = Chorale Melodies used in Bach's Vocal Works Jesu, der du meine Seele| publisher = Bach Cantatas Website| year = 2006| accessdate = 1 September 2010}} }} Sources
2 : Church cantatas by Johann Sebastian Bach|1724 compositions |
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