| 词条 | Constantine III (Byzantine emperor) |
| 释义 |
| name =Constantine III | image= Solidus Heraclius Constantine Obverse.jpg | caption =Solidus of Emperor Constantine III (right) with his father Heraclius (left) | succession = Emperor of the Byzantine Empire | reign =February 641 – May 641 | full name =Heraclius Novus Constantinus | predecessor =Heraclius | successor =Heraklonas | spouse =Gregoria | issue =Constans II Theodosius Manyanh (Maria) | dynasty =Heraclian Dynasty | father =Heraclius | mother =Eudokia | death_date =May 641 (aged 28 or 29) ||reg-type={{nowrap|Co-emperor}}|regent=Heraklonas|title=Emperor of the Romans}}{{Heraclian dynasty}} Constantine III ({{lang-el|Κωνσταντῖνος Γ΄}}; {{lang-la|Heraclius Novus Constantinus Augustus}}; 3 May 612 – 20 April or 24/26 May 641) was Byzantine emperor for four months in 641, making him the shortest reigning Byzantine emperor. He was the eldest son of the Byzantine Emperor Heraclius and his first wife Eudokia. Constantine's birth name was Heraclius Novus Constantinus, ({{lang-el|{{lang|grc|Ἡράκλειος νέος Κωνσταντῖνος}}}}), which was also the official name under which he reigned. The name Constantine became established in later Byzantine texts as short for the Emperor and has become standard in modern historiography. In terms of official imperial nomenclature, the style "Constantine III" would be more appropriate for his son Constans II (r. 641–668). ReignConstantine was crowned co-emperor by his father on 22 January 613 and shortly after was betrothed to his cousin, Gregoria, a daughter of his father's first cousin, Nicetas. As the couple were second cousins, the marriage was technically incestuous, but this consideration must have been outweighed by the advantages of the match to the family as a whole. Furthermore, its illegality paled into insignificance beside Heraclius' marriage to his niece Martina the same year. In comparison, Constantine's marriage was far less scandalous than that of his father. Constantine and Gregoria married in 629 or perhaps early 630 and in that year their first child, Constans II was born. Their second child was another son, Theodosius. They also had a daughter named Manyanh who later married the last Sassanid King of Persia, Yazdgerd III. Constantine became senior Emperor when his father died in 641. He reigned together with his younger half-brother Heraklonas, the son of Martina. His supporters feared action against him on the part of Martina and Heraklonas, and the treasurer Philagrius advised him to write to the army, informing them that he was dying and asking for their assistance in protecting the rights of his children. He also sent a vast sum of money, more than two million solidi (gold coins), to Valentinus, an adjutant of Philagrius, to distribute to the soldiers to persuade them to secure the succession for his sons after his death. Indeed, he died of tuberculosis after only four months, leaving Heraklonas sole emperor. A rumor that Martina had him poisoned led first to the imposition of Constans II as co-emperor and then to the deposition, mutilation, and banishment of Martina and her sons. FamilyBy his wife Gregoria, the daughter of Niketas, Constantine III had two sons and a daughter:
See also{{Portal|Byzantine Empire}}
ReferencesLiterature
8 : 7th-century Byzantine emperors|Heraclian Dynasty|612 births|641 deaths|7th-century deaths from tuberculosis|Porphyrogennetoi|640s in the Byzantine Empire|Heraclius |
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