| 词条 | Joan Holland |
| 释义 |
| name = Lady Joan Holland | title = Duchess of York Lady Willoughby de Eresby Lady Scrope of Masham | image = | caption = | spouse = Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York William Willoughby, 5th Baron Willoughby de Eresby Lord Willoughby de Eresby Henry le Scrope, 3rd Baron Scrope of Masham Sir Henry Bromflete | issue = | full name = | titles = | noble family = | father = Thomas Holland, 2nd Earl of Kent | mother = Lady Alice FitzAlan | birth_date = ca. 1380 | birth_place = Upholland, Lancashire, England | christening_date = | christening_place = | death_date = {{Death date and age|1434|4|12|1380|df=y}} | death_place = | burial_date = | burial_place = | occupation = }} Lady Joan Holland (ca. 1380–12 April 1434[1]) was the third daughter of Thomas Holland, 2nd Earl of Kent, and Lady Alice FitzAlan. She married four times. Her first husband was a duke, and the following three were barons. All of her marriages were most likely childless. FamilyLady Joan Holland was born around 1380 in Upholland, Lancashire, England, as one of the ten children of Thomas Holland, 2nd Earl of Kent and Lady Alice FitzAlan, sister of Richard Fitzalan, 11th Earl of Arundel. She was niece of Richard II of England, son of her paternal grandmother, Joan of Kent by her second marriage to Edward, the Black Prince. Joan had five sisters: Alianore became Countess of March ; Margaret became Countess of Somerset and later Duchess of Clarence; Eleanor became Countess of Salisbury; Elizabeth married Sir John Neville;[2] and Bridget became a nun at Barking Abbey. Her eldest brother, Thomas Holland, 1st Duke of Surrey, was beheaded in 1400 by a mob of angry citizens at Cirencester for his role in the Epiphany Rising, which was aimed against the life of King Henry IV of England, who had usurped the throne of King Richard. Thomas's heir to the earldom of Kent was her second eldest brother Edmund Holland. LifeLady Joan married Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York, son of Edward III of England and Philippa of Hainault, ca. 4 November 1393. As a result of this marriage, she was styled Duchess of York. They had no children. In 1399, Joan and her sister Margaret were invested as "Lady Companions of the Garter." They were granddaughters of Joan, the "Fair Maid of Kent" who inspired Edward III's founding of the Order of the Garter, according to popular legend. After Langley's death in 1402, Joan married (before 9 August 1404) William de Willoughby, 5th Lord Willoughby de Eresby (c. 1370-1409), a Knight of the Garter, son of Robert de Willoughby, 4th Lord Willoughby de Eresby, and Alice Skipwith. Upon her marriage, she became The Baroness Willoughby de Eresby, or Lady Willoughby. Lord Willoughby died on 30 November 1409. Her third marriage (after 6 September 1410) was to Henry le Scrope, 3rd Baron Scrope of Masham. That year, Scrope was made a Knight of the Garter. He served Henry IV as treasurer, and was executed in 1415 following the failure of his plot with the Earl of Cambridge (Joan's former stepson, being the son of her first husband, and nephew by marriage, being the husband of Anne de Mortimer, her sister's daughter) to assassinate Henry V and place Edmund Mortimer, 5th Earl of March (Joan's nephew) on the throne. (The Earl of March had been the heir presumptive of Richard II. In 1399 Richard was forced to abdicate in favour of Henry IV, and for the next few decades Mortimer served as a focal point for conspiracies aimed at removing Henry IV and his heirs from the throne.) Lord Scrope and Cambridge were both beheaded on 5 August 1415 at Southampton Green, Hampshire, England. Cambridge's then four-year-old son, Richard Plantagenet, ultimately championed his father's cause, which evolved into the Wars of the Roses and the Yorkist claimants achieving the throne. Less than a year later, before 27 April 1416, Joan married her fourth and final husband, Sir Henry Bromflete, son of Sir Thomas Bromflete and Margaret St. John. She died on 12 April 1434. Her husband, Bromflete, was summoned to Parliament as the 1st Lord Vesci (or Vessy) on 24 January 1449. He died on 16 January 1469. Ancestry{{unreferenced section|date=January 2015 }}{{ahnentafel|collapsed=yes |align=center |boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc; |boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9; |boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc; |boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc; |boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe; | 1 = Joan Holland | 2 = Thomas Holland, 2nd Earl of Kent | 3 = Alice Fitzalan | 4 = Thomas Holland, 1st Earl of Kent | 5 = Joan of Kent | 6 = Richard Fitzalan, 10th Earl of Arundel | 7 = Eleanor of Lancaster | 8 = Robert de Holland, 1st Baron Holand | 9 = Maud la Zouche | 10= Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent | 11= Margaret Wake, 3rd Baroness Wake of Liddell | 12= Edmund Fitzalan, 9th Earl of Arundel | 13= Alice de Warenne | 14= Henry, 3rd Earl of Lancaster | 15= Maud Chaworth | 16= Sir Robert de Holland | 17= Elizabeth de Samlesbury | 18= Alan la Zouche, 1st Baron la Zouche of Ashby | 19= Eleanor de Segrave | 20= Edward I of England | 21= Marguerite of France | 22= John Wake, 1st Baron Wake of Liddell | 23= Joan de Fiennes | 24= Richard Fitzalan, 8th Earl of Arundel | 25= Alice of Saluzzo | 26= William de Warenne | 27= Joan de Vere | 28= Edmund Crouchback, 1st Earl of Lancaster | 29= Blanche of Artois | 30= Sir Patrick de Chaworth, Lord of Kidwelly | 31= Isabella de Beauchamp }} Notes1. ^{{harvnb|Lundy|2013b|p=10209 § 102085}} cites {{harvnb|Cokayne|2000|p=899}} 2. ^{{harvnb|Lundy|2013|p=10292 § 102917}} cites {{harvnb|Cokayne|2000|p=548}} References
External links
11 : 1434 deaths|English duchesses by marriage|Ladies of the Garter|Duchesses of York|Year of birth uncertain|Place of birth missing|Holland family|14th-century English people|14th-century English women|15th-century English people|15th-century English women |
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