| 词条 | Johann Friedrich Schweitzer |
| 释义 |
Johann Friedrich Schweitzer or Sweitzer, usually known as Helvetius (1630 – 1709) was a Dutch physician and alchemical writer of German extraction. He is known for his books Vitulus Aureus (The Golden Calf), published in 1667, Ichts aus Nichts, für alle Begierigen der Natur from 1655 and Miraculo transmutandi Metallica, Antwerp, 1667. Helvetius was born or baptized 17 January 1630 in Köthen (Anhalt)[1] as the son of the jurist Balthazar Sweitzer (Schweitzer, Helvety of Helvetius) and Anna Braunin.[2] He arrived in 1649 in the Dutch Republic, where he obtained a degree at the University of Harderwijk in 1656 with a dissertation de Peste. He first lived in Amsterdam, but subsequently moved to The Hague,[2] where he became a physician to the Prince of Orange-Nassau (later to be William III of England).[3] He wrote numerous books on herbs and medicine in Dutch, German, and Latin.[3] He is notorious for the story that he actually carried out transmutation of lead into gold.{{citation needed|date=May 2016}} He is said to have known Baruch Spinoza.[4] Helvetius married Johanna Pels (1643–1709) in July 1658 in The Hague.[1] They had 16 children,[2] including Adriaan Helvetius (1662-1727), who introduced the use of ipecac in his position at the French court and was the father of another court physician, Jean-Claude-Adrien Helvétius (1685–1755).[3] The philosopher Claude-Adrien Helvétius was a son of the latter.[5] Helvetius died 29 August 1709 in The Hague. Notes1. ^1 Dr. Johannes Fredericus Schweitzer at http://geneagraphie.com 2. ^1 2 C. de Waal, Helvetius, Johan Frederik in Nieuw Nederlandsch biografisch woordenboek Vol 3 (1914) 3. ^1 2 [https://books.google.com/books?id=FZk5AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA510 Helvetius (Joannes Fridericus)] in Biographisch woordenboek der Nederlanden, vol 8, (1867), pp. 509-512 4. ^See M. Nierenstein Helvetius, Spinoza, and Transmutation Isis, Vol. 17, No. 2 (1932), pp. 408-411. 5. ^Ipecac at herbs2000.com. References
External links
9 : 1630 births|1709 deaths|17th-century Dutch physicians|Dutch alchemists|German emigrants to the Netherlands|People from Köthen|University of Harderwijk alumni|17th-century alchemists|18th-century alchemists |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。