| 词条 | John Argyropoulos |
| 释义 |
| region = Western philosophy | era = Renaissance philosophy | name = John Argyropoulos | image = Argyropoulos (detail) Calling of the Apostles.JPG | caption = John Argyropoulos as depicted by Domenico Ghirlandaio in 1481 in the Vocation of the Apostles fresco in the Sistine Chapel, Rome.[1][2][3][4] | birth_name = Ioannis Argyropoulos | birth_date = c. 1415 | birth_place = Constantinople, Byzantine Empire | death_date = 1487 | death_place = Florence, Republic of Florence | education = University of Padua (Theol. Dr., 1444) | institutions = University of Constantinople (1448–1452)[5] Neoplatonic Florentine Academy (1456–70)[5] | nationality = Greek[7] | school_tradition = Renaissance philosophy Aristotelianism | main_interests = Rhetoric, theology | influences = Basilios Bessarion[6] | influenced = Johann Reuchlin, Jacques Lefèvre d'Étaples,[7] Marsilio Ficino,[8] Angelo Poliziano, Leonardo da Vinci | notable_ideas = }}John Argyropoulos ({{lang-el|Ἰωάννης Ἀργυρόπουλος}} Ioannis Argyropoulos; {{lang-it|Giovanni Argiropulo}}; surname also spelt Argyropulus, or Argyropulos, or Argyropulo; c. 1415 – 26 June 1487) was a lecturer, philosopher and humanist, one of the émigré Greek scholars who pioneered the revival of Classical learning in 15th-century Italy.[9] He translated Greek philosophical and theological works into Latin besides producing rhetorical and theological works of his own. He was in Italy for the Council of Florence during 1439–44, and returned to Italy following the fall of Constantinople, teaching in Florence (at the Florentine Studium) in 1456–70 and in Rome in 1471–87.[5] BiographyJohn Argyropoulos was born in c. 1415, in Constantinople. He was Greek.[10] Argyropoulos studied theology and philosophy in Constantinople. As a teacher in Constantinople, Argyropulos had amongst his pupils the scholar Constantine Lascaris. He was an official in the service of one of the rulers of the Byzantine Morea and in 1439 was a member of the Byzantine delegation to the Council of Florence, when they accepted Catholicism and abjured Greek Orthodoxy.[11] In 1443/4, he received a Doctor of Theology degree from the University of Padua[12] before returning to Constantinople.[13] When Constantinople fell in 1453, he left it for the Peloponnesus and in 1456, took refuge in Italy, where he worked as a teacher in the revival of Greek philosophy as head of the Greek department at Florence's Florentine Studium.[14] In 1471, on the outbreak of the plague, he moved to Rome, where he continued to act as a teacher of Greek till his death.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}} He made efforts to transport Greek philosophy to Western Europe. He left a number of Latin translations, including many of Aristotle's works. His principal works were translations of the following portions of Aristotle, Categoriae, De Interpretatione, Analytica Posteriora, Physica, De Caelo, De Anima, Metaphysica, Ethica Nicomachea, Politica; and an Expositio Ethicorum Aristotelis. Several of his writings exist still in manuscript.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}} His students included Pietro de' Medici and Lorenzo de' Medici, Angelo Poliziano and Johann Reuchlin,[15] and Leonardo da Vinci.[16] He died on June 26, 1487 in Florence, supposedly of consuming too much watermelon.[17] See also
Notes1. ^{{Cite book|author= Sleptzoff, L. M. |title=Men or supermen?: The Italian portrait in the fifteenth century |publisher=Magnes Press |year=1978 |page=68 | oclc=4331192 |quote= Cf. E. Steinmann, Ghirlandaio, Leipzig, 1897, pp. 18-21, and pl. 10 and 13, who recognizes, among the members of the Florentine colony in Rome, Argyropoulos and Giovanni Tornabuoni.}} 2. ^{{Cite book|author= Burnell, Frederic Spencer |title=Rome |publisher=Longmans, Green & co |year=1930 |page=217 |oclc=7141638 |quote= We may perhaps recognize, in the group on the right, the bearded head of the famous Greek scholar, Argyropoulos, and, immediately to the left, the wealthy banker, Giovanni Tornabuoni}} 3. ^{{Cite book|author1=Marle, Raimond van |author2=Marle, Charlotte van |title= The development of the Italian schools of painting, Volume 13 |publisher= M. Nijhoff |year= 1923 |page= 30 | oclc=162830458 |quote= Among the portraits Herr Steinmann has succeeded in recognizing the Greek, Jean Argyropoulos, commentator of Aristotle, who is the old man with a long beard, the papal treasurer, Giovanni Tornabuoni ... he is the clean-shaven man to the right of Argyropoulos while the oldest of the three boys might be Lorenzo, the son of Giovanni Tornabuoni. }} 4. ^{{Cite book|author= Davies, Gerald Stanley |title=Ghirlandaio |publisher=Methuen and co |year=1909 |page= 53 |oclc=192133437 |quote=Next to him a greybearded man with a flat hat, seen only head and shoulders, is with tolerable certainty recognised as the Greek humanist, Johannes Argyropulos, the translator into Italian of Aristotle. He had been invited by Cosimo dei Medici }} 5. ^1 2 Spyros Panagopoulos, "Higher Education in Byzantium" 6. ^James Hankins, Humanism and Platonism in the Italian Renaissance, Volume 1, Ed. di Storia e Letteratura, 2003, p. 207. 7. ^Geanakoplos, Deno J., Constantinople and the West: Essays on the Late Byzantine (Palaeologan) and Italian Renaissances and the Byzantine and Roman Churches, University of Wisconsin Press, 1989, p. 111. 8. ^Christine Raffini, Marsilio Ficino, Pietro Bembo, Baldassare Castiglione: Philosophical, Aesthetic, and Political Approaches in Renaissance Platonism, P. Lang, 1998, p. 21. 9. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/34066/John-Argyropoulos|title= John Argyropoulos.|publisher= www.britannica.com |accessdate=2009-10-02|quote= John Argyropoulos Byzantine educator born 1415, Constantinople [now Istanbul, Turkey] died June 26, 1487, Rome, Papal States [Italy] Byzantine humanist and active promoter of the revival of Classical learning in the West.}}; {{Cite book|author= Doby, Tibor |title= Discoverers of blood circulation: from Aristotle to the times of da Vinci and Harvey |publisher= Abelard-Schuman |year= 1963 |page=252 | oclc=315911202}}; {{Cite book|author= Rabil, Albert |title= Knowledge, goodness, and power: the debate over nobility among quattrocento Italian humanists |publisher= Medieval & Renaissance Texts & Studies |year= 1991 |page=197 |isbn= 0-86698-100-4 |quote= John Argyropoulos (c. 1415-87) played a prominent role in the revival of Greek philosophy in Italy. He came to Italy permanently in 1457 and held}} 10. ^1 {{Cite book|author= Masters, Roger D. |title=Fortune Is a River: Leonardo Da Vinci and Niccolo Machiavelli's Magnificent Dream to Change the Course of Florentine History |publisher=Plume |year=1999 |page=55 |isbn=0-452-28090-7 |quote= Cosimo was also a lover and exalter of literary men; he therefore brought Argyropoulos to Florence, a man of Greek birth and very learned for those times, so that Florentine youth might learn from him }}; {{Cite book|author1=Magnus, Laurie |author2=Boas, Frederick Samuel |title= A history of European literature |publisher= I. Nicholson and Watson |year= 1934 |page=72 | oclc=1614734 |quote= Foremost among the interpreters was the Greek, Johannes Argyropoulos, who lectured in Florence to Politian and in Rome to Johann }} 11. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/34066/John-Argyropoulos|title= John Argyropoulos.|publisher= www.britannica.com |accessdate=2009-10-02|quote= John Argyropoulos Argyropoulos divided his time between Italy and Constantinople; he was in Italy (1439) for the Council of Florence and spent some time teaching and studying in Padua, earning a degree in 1443.}} 12. ^; Spyr. P. Lampros, Argyropouleia, published: P.D. Sakellariou, 1910, p. liii.; Jonathan Woolfson, Padua and the Tudors: English Students in Italy, 1485-1603, James Clarke & Co, 1998, p. 4. 13. ^{{Cite book|author1=Grendler, Paul F |author2=Renaissance Society of America |title= Encyclopedia of the Renaissance: Galen-Lyon Volume 3|publisher= Scribner's published in association with the Renaissance Society of America |year= 1999 |page=86 |isbn= 0-684-80510-3 |quote= Another Greek, John Argyropoulos (1415-1487), received a degree from the University of Padua in 1444 and then returned to Constantinople}} 14. ^{{Cite book|author= Hancock, Lee |title= Lorenzo de' Medici: Florence's great leader and patron of the arts |publisher= The Rosen Publishing Group |year= 2005 |page=35 |isbn= 9781404203150 |quote= He learned Greek from Johannis Argyropoulos (circa 1416-1486), who was the head of the Greek department at the city’s university, called Florentine Studium.}}; {{Cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/34066/John-Argyropoulos|title= John Argyropoulos.|publisher= www.britannica.com |accessdate=2009-10-02|quote= When Constantinople fell in 1453 he left it for the Peloponnese and in 1456 took refuge in Italy.}}; {{Cite book|author= Rabil, Albert |title= Knowledge, goodness, and power: the debate over nobility among quattrocento Italian humanists |publisher= Medieval & Renaissance Texts & Studies |year= 1991 |page=197 |isbn= 0-86698-100-4}} 15. ^Ivo Volt, Janika Päll (eds.), Byzantino-Nordica 2004, Morgenstern Society, 2005, p. 94. 16. ^On Da Vinci attending lectures by Argyropoulos* Deno John Geanakoplos in Constantinople and the West: Essays on the Late Byzantine (Paleologan) and Italian Renaissances and the Byzantine and Roman Churches, University of Wisconsin Press, 1989;* Fotis Vassileiou and Barbara Saribalidou in "John Argyropoulos teacher of Leonardo Da Vinci", Philosophy Pathways 117, 2006;* Fotis Vassileiou & Barbara Saribalidou, "Short Biographical Lexicon of Byzantine Academics Immigrants to Western Europe", 2007. 17. ^Harris, Jonathan, The End of Byzantium (Yale University Press, 2011), p. 252. References
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12 : 1410s births|1487 deaths|Argyros family|People from Constantinople|Constantinopolitan Greeks|People from Florence|Former Greek Orthodox Christians|Byzantine philosophers|Greek Renaissance humanists|Greek–Latin translators|Greek Roman Catholics|Converts to Roman Catholicism from Eastern Orthodoxy |
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