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词条 John Cumming (clergyman)
释义

  1. Life

  2. Family

  3. Views

  4. Works

  5. References

  6. External links

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John Cumming {{post-nominals|country=GBR|FRSE}} (10 November 1807[1] – 5 July 1881) was a Scottish clergyman.

Life

He was born in Fintray in Aberdeenshire and attended Aberdeen Grammar School and then studied divinity at Aberdeen University.[2]

In 1832, Cumming was appointed to the Crown Court Church in Covent Garden, London, a Church of Scotland congregation that catered for Scots living in London. At the time, the congregation had approximately 80 members, but Cumming was able to grow his congregation to around 900, and he regularly preached to congregations of 500-600 on Sundays.

Cumming was a controversial figure in his day, George Eliot being the most prominent figure to criticize him for his anti-Catholicism, obsession with the End Times, and perceived intellectual dishonesty.{{Citation needed|date=June 2014}}

In 1853 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposer was Sir John Archibald Murray.

Cumming retired in 1879. In total, he published approximately 180 books during his lifetime.

He died on 5 July 1881 in Chiswick near London and was buried in Kensal Green Cemetery.[3]

Family

He married Elizabeth Nicholson in 1833. She died in 1879.

Views

Cumming was one of the most virulently anti-Catholic preachers of his day. Several of his books attacked Catholicism, including The Romish Church a Dumb Church (Arthur Hall, 1853) and Ritualism, the Highway to Rome (James Nisbet & Co., 1867). He gave public lectures denouncing Cardinals Nicholas Wiseman and John Henry Newman. The Times also frequently printed letters from Cumming in which he pointed to perceived misdeeds on the part of the Roman Catholic Church.

Cumming also took a deep interest in Christian eschatology, adhering to the Historicist school of Christian eschatology. He believed that historical events such as the French Revolution and the Irish Potato Famine had fulfilled prophecies contained in the biblical Books of Daniel and Revelation. He preached that the sixth vial of judgment (discussed in Revelation 16) had been poured out in 1820. Cumming therefore taught that Judgment Day would occur some time between 1848 and 1867.

Works

  • [https://books.google.com/books?id=qdwHAAAAQAAJ&dq=john+cumming&source=gbs_navlinks_s Speech ... at the annual meeting of the Reformation society, 2d of May, 1839]
  • [https://books.google.com/books?id=K-cDAAAAQAAJ&dq=john+cumming&lr=&source=gbs_navlinks_s A short statement of the origin and nature of the present divisions in the Church of Scotland], 1840.
  • [https://books.google.com/books?id=UEIAAAAAMAAJ&dq=john+cumming&lr=&source=gbs_navlinks_s A preservative against popery, Volume I], 1848.
  • [https://books.google.com/books?id=M35LAAAAIAAJ&dq=john+cumming&lr=&source=gbs_navlinks_s God in history, or, Facts illustrative of the presence & providence of God in the Affairs of Men], 1852.
  • [https://books.google.com/books?id=zZMyAQAAMAAJ&dq=editions:7-A7YshL2N8C Book of Genesis: Volume 1 of Sabbath Morning Readings on the Old Testament] (1864)
  • [https://books.google.com/books?id=5ijXdUD-SfcC&dq=john+cumming&source=gbs_navlinks_s Apocalyptic Sketches: Lectures on the Book of Revelation], 1854.
  • [https://books.google.com/books?id=mZcCAAAAQAAJ&dq=john+cumming&source=gbs_navlinks_s Sabbath evening readings on the New Testament], 1854.
  • [https://books.google.com/books?id=lDMRAAAAYAAJ&dq=john+cumming&lr=&source=gbs_navlinks_s Voices of the Night], 1854.
  • [https://books.google.com/books?id=LMFGAAAAIAAJ&dq=john+cumming&lr=&source=gbs_navlinks_s Lectures on Romanism: being illustrations and refutations of the errors of Romanism and Tractarianism], 1854.
  • [https://books.google.com/books?id=hZdLAAAAIAAJ&dq=john+cumming&lr=&source=gbs_navlinks_s Prophetic studies: Lectures on the book of Daniel], 1854.
  • [https://books.google.com/books?id=Oa4sAAAAYAAJ&dq=john+cumming&lr=&source=gbs_navlinks_s Sabbath morning readings on the Old Testament: Book of Exodus], 1854.
  • [https://books.google.com/books?id=bHBHAAAAIAAJ&dq=john+cumming&lr=&source=gbs_navlinks_s The church before the flood], 1854.
  • [https://books.google.com/books?id=muQTAAAAYAAJ&dq=john+cumming&lr=&source=gbs_navlinks_s Benedictions: or, The blessed life], 1854.
  • [https://books.google.com/books?id=W-QTAAAAYAAJ&dq=john+cumming&lr=&source=gbs_navlinks_s The tent and the altar: or, Sketches from patriarchial life], 1854.
  • [https://books.google.com/books?id=_d8TAAAAYAAJ&dq=john+cumming&lr=&source=gbs_navlinks_s Foreshadows: Lectures on our Lord's miracles], 1854.
  • [https://books.google.com/books?id=fdsOAAAAIAAJ&dq=john+cumming&lr=&source=gbs_navlinks_s The comforter, or, Thoughts on the influence of the Holy Spirit], 1854.
  • [https://books.google.com/books?id=GmajTq7N5SoC&dq=john+cumming&lr=&source=gbs_navlinks_s Voices of the dead], 1854
  • [https://books.google.com/books?id=DyvQBU3m9Z8C&printsec=frontcover&dq=john+cumming&lr=#v=onepage&q=&f=false The end: or, The proximate signs of the close of this dispensation], 1855.
  • [https://books.google.com/books?id=RUIXAAAAYAAJ&dq=john+cumming&lr=&source=gbs_navlinks_s The daily life: or, Precepts and prescriptions for Christian living], 1855.
  • [https://books.google.com/books?id=-lgXAAAAYAAJ&dq=john+cumming&lr=&source=gbs_navlinks_s Signs of the times: or, Present, past, and future], 1855.
  • [https://books.google.com/books?id=pekTAAAAYAAJ&dq=john+cumming&lr=&source=gbs_navlinks_s Twelve urgent questions: personal, practical, and pointed], 1855.
  • [https://books.google.com/books?id=Rf0rAAAAYAAJ&dq=john+cumming&lr=&source=gbs_navlinks_s Infant salvation: or, all saved that die in infancy], 1855.
  • [https://books.google.com/books?id=TMBGAAAAIAAJ&dq=john+cumming&source=gbs_navlinks_s Foreshadows: Lecture's on Our Lord's Parables], 1856.
  • [https://books.google.com/books?id=l3FHAAAAIAAJ&dq=john+cumming&lr=&source=gbs_navlinks_s The last of the patriarchs: or, Lessons chiefly from the life of Josep], 1856.
  • [https://books.google.com/books?id=OoIAAAAAMAAJ&dq=john+cumming&lr=&source=gbs_navlinks_s Cumming's minor works], 1856.
  • [https://books.google.com/books?id=7SMXAAAAYAAJ&dq=john+cumming&lr=&source=gbs_navlinks_s Apocalyptic sketches: Lectures on the seven churches of Asia Minor], 1858.
  • [https://books.google.com/books?id=DsEPAAAAIAAJ&dq=john+cumming&lr=&source=gbs_navlinks_s Voices of the Day], 1858.
  • [https://books.google.com/books?id=lpcCAAAAQAAJ&dq=john+cumming&source=gbs_navlinks_s Sabbath morning readings on the Old Testament. The first and second books of Samuel], 1859.
  • [https://books.google.com/books?id=ipgCAAAAQAAJ&dq=john+cumming&lr=&source=gbs_navlinks_s Sabbath evening readings on the New Testament. Colossians and Thessalonians], 1859
  • [https://books.google.com/books?id=l5cCAAAAQAAJ&dq=john+cumming&lr=&source=gbs_navlinks_s Sabbath morning readings on the Old Testament. The book of Daniel], 1860.
  • [https://books.google.com/books?id=BJEPAAAAIAAJ&dq=john+cumming&lr=&source=gbs_navlinks_s The great tribulation: or, Things coming on the earth, Volume 1], 1860.
  • [https://books.google.com/books?id=_JgCAAAAQAAJ&dq=john+cumming&lr=&source=gbs_navlinks_s Sabbath evening readings on the New Testament. Hebrews], 1861.
  • [https://books.google.com/books?id=mJcCAAAAQAAJ&dq=john+cumming&source=gbs_navlinks_s Readings on the prophets. Isaiah], 1862.
  • [https://books.google.com/books?id=F4cEAAAAQAAJ&dq=john+cumming&source=gbs_navlinks_s Moses Right and Bishop Colenso Wrong], 1863.
  • [https://books.google.com/books?id=M3EXAAAAYAAJ&dq=john+cumming&lr=&source=gbs_navlinks_s Great tribulation: or, things coming on the earth], 1863.
  • [https://books.google.com/books?id=amk7AAAAYAAJ&dq=john+cumming&lr=&source=gbs_navlinks_s The great consummation: the millennial rest; or, The world as it will be], 1863.
  • [https://books.google.com/books?id=OdABAAAAQAAJ&dq=john+cumming&lr=&source=gbs_navlinks_s Driftwood, seaweed, and fallen leaves, Volume II], 1863.
  • The Destiny of Nations as Indicated in Prophecy. London: Hurst & Blackett, 1864.
  • [https://books.google.com/books?id=6DwXAAAAYAAJ&dq=john+cumming&lr=&source=gbs_navlinks_s The great preparation; or Redemption draweth nigh], 1864.
  • [https://books.google.com/books?id=JBsXAAAAYAAJ&dq=john+cumming&lr=&source=gbs_navlinks_s The last warning cry: with reasons for the hope that is in me], 1867.
  • [https://books.google.com/books?id=4bsCAAAAQAAJ&dq=john+cumming&source=gbs_navlinks_s Is Christianity from God? Or, A manual of Christian evidence], 1871.
  • [https://books.google.com/books?id=o_MCAAAAQAAJ&dq=john+cumming&source=gbs_navlinks_s "Our Father", a manual of short family prayers], 1871.
  • [https://books.google.com/books?id=hbgCAAAAQAAJ&dq=john+cumming&lr=&source=gbs_navlinks_s When shall these things be? Or, Signs of the last times], 1878.

References

1. ^{{cite DNB|wstitle=Cumming, John}}
2. ^https://www.royalsoced.org.uk/cms/files/fellows/biographical_index/fells_indexp1.pdf
3. ^https://www.royalsoced.org.uk/cms/files/fellows/biographical_index/fells_indexp1.pdf
*Robert H. Ellison, "Prophecy and Anti-Popery in Victorian London: John Cumming Reconsidered," Victorian Literature and Culture 31.1 (2003): 373-389.

External links

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6 : 1807 births|1881 deaths|19th-century apocalypticists|Anti-Catholicism in the United Kingdom|English Presbyterian ministers|Scottish clergy
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