| 词条 | John Edward Williams |
| 释义 |
| name = John Williams | image = John Edward Williams.jpg | caption = | birth_date = {{birth date|1922|8|29|mf=y}} | birth_place = Clarksville, Texas, US | death_date = {{death date and age|1994|3|3|1922|8|22|mf=y}} | death_place = Fayetteville, Arkansas | occupation = Author, editor, professor | genre = Novel | movement = | notableworks= Butcher's Crossing, Stoner, Augustus | awards = {{awd|National Book Award|1973|Augustus}} | influences = | influenced = | signature = }}John Edward Williams (August 29, 1922 – March 3, 1994) was an American author, editor and professor. He was best known for his novels Butcher's Crossing (1960), Stoner (1965), and Augustus (1972)[1], which won a U.S. National Book Award.[2] Life{{Copypaste|date=September 2016}}Williams was raised in northeast Texas.[1] His grandparents were farmers; his stepfather was a janitor in a post office. Despite showing an early talent for writing and acting, Williams dropped out of a local junior college after his first year. He worked with newspapers and radio stations in the Southwest for a year, then reluctantly joined the war effort,{{citation needed|date=March 2012}} enlisting in the United States Army Air Force early in 1942, and spending two and a half years as a sergeant in India and Burma. During his enlistment in Calcutta, he wrote pages of a novel, which later became Nothing But the Night, published in 1948 by Swallow Press and later reissued by New York Review Books Classics.[2] At the end of the war, Williams moved to Denver, Colorado, and enrolled in the University of Denver, receiving Bachelor of Arts (1949) and Master of Arts (1950) degrees. During his time at the University of Denver, his first two books were published, Nothing But the Night (1948), a novel depicting the terror and waywardness resulting from an early traumatic experience, and The Broken Landscape (1949), a collection of poetry. Upon completing his MA, Williams enrolled at the University of Missouri, where he taught and worked on his Ph.D. in English literature, which he obtained in 1954. In the fall of 1955, Williams returned to the University of Denver as an Assistant Professor, becoming director of the creative-writing program. His second novel, Butcher's Crossing (Macmillan, 1960) depicts frontier life in 1870s Kansas.[3] He edited and wrote the introduction for the anthology English Renaissance Poetry: A Collection of Shorter Poems from Skelton to Jonson (Doubleday) in 1963. His second collection of poems, The Necessary Lie (1965), was issued by Verb Publications. He was the founding editor of the University of Denver Quarterly[1] (later Denver Quarterly), which was first issued in 1965. He remained as editor until 1970. Williams's third novel, Stoner, detailing the tragic life of a University of Missouri English Assistant Professor, was published by Viking Press in 1965. It was reissued in 2005 by NYRB Classics to widespread critical acclaim.[4] His fourth novel, Augustus (Viking, 1972), a rendering of the violent times of Augustus Caesar in Rome, also remains in print. On the year of its release, it shared the National Book Award for Fiction with Chimera by John Barth, the first time that the award was split.[2] Williams retired from the University of Denver in 1985 and died of respiratory failure in 1994 at home in Fayetteville, Arkansas. He is survived by his wife and descendants.[1] A fifth novel, The Sleep of Reason, was unfinished at the time of his death, but two lengthy excerpts were published in Ploughshares and the Denver Quarterly in 1981 and 1986, respectively. Williams loved the study of literature. In a 1986 interview, he was asked, "And literature is written to be entertaining?" to which he replied emphatically, "Absolutely. My God, to read without joy is stupid."[10] ReviewsThe critic Morris Dickstein has noted that while Butcher's Crossing, Stoner, and Augustus are each "strikingly different in subject," they all "show a similar narrative arc: a young man's initiation, vicious male rivalries, subtler tensions between men and women, fathers and daughters, and finally a bleak sense of disappointment, even futility."[5] Dickstein called Stoner "something rarer than a great novel—it is a perfect novel, so well told and beautifully written, so deeply moving, it takes your breath away." In his introduction to Stoner, the author John McGahern wrote, "There is entertainment of a very high order to be found in Stoner, what Williams himself describes as 'an escape into reality' as well as pain and joy. The clarity of the prose is in itself an unadulterated joy."[6] Likewise, Steve Almond praised Stoner in The New York Times Magazine, writing, "I had never encountered a work so ruthless in its devotion to human truths and so tender in its execution."[7] In a wide-ranging interview with The Paris Review in 2019, Williams's widow Nancy Gardner discussed his war service, working methods and alcoholism[8] TranslationsStoner has been translated into many languages, including French, Italian, German, and Dutch. The acclaimed novelist Anna Gavalda translated Williams's novel into French, which has contributed to its enthusiastic reception by the French literary establishment.[9]Works
References1. ^1 2 3 [https://www.nytimes.com/1994/03/05/obituaries/john-williams-71-a-novelist-editor-and-professor-of-english.html "John Williams, 71, a Novelist, Editor and Professor of English"], Wolfgang Saxon, The New York Times, March 5, 1994. 2. ^Leo Robson, [https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2019/03/18/john-williams-and-the-canon-that-might-have-been "John Williams and the Canon That Might Have Been,"] The New Yorker, March 18, 2019. 3. ^"Butcher’s Crossing: John Williams, introduction by Michelle Latiolais". Retail sales page for NYRB Classics. New York Review Books. Retrieved 2012-03-30. 4. ^{{Cite web|url=https://lithub.com/how-the-nyrb-chooses-its-reissues-the-story-of-stoner/|title=How the NYRB Chooses Its Reissues: The Story of Stoner|date=2016-04-04|website=Literary Hub|language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-26}} 5. ^[https://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/17/books/review/Dickstein-t.html?pagewanted=1&_r=1 "The Inner Lives of Men"], Morris Dickstein, The New York Times, June 17, 2007. 6. ^1 Stoner: John Williams, introduction by John McGahern". Retail sales page for NYRB Classics. New York Review Books. Retrieved 2012-03-30. 7. ^[https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/11/magazine/you-should-seriously-read-stoner-right-now.html?module=Search&mabReward=relbias%3Aw%2C%7B%221%22%3A%22RI%3A7%22%7D&_r=0 "You Should Seriously Read ‘Stoner’ Right Now"], Steve Almond, The New York Times Magazine, May 9, 2014. 8. ^https://www.theparisreview.org/blog/2019/02/20/mrs-stoner-speaks-an-interview-with-nancy-gardner-williams/ 9. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2013/05/19/184770657/decade-later-and-across-an-ocean-a-novel-gets-its-due|title=Decades Later And Across An Ocean, A Novel Gets Its Due|website=NPR.org|language=en|access-date=2019-03-26}} 10. ^1 2 [https://www.nationalbook.org/awards-prizes/national-book-awards-1973 "National Book Awards – 1973"]. National Book Foundation. Retrieved 2012-03-30. ([https://web.archive.org/web/20091010120926/http://www.nbafictionblog.org/nba-winning-books-blog/1973-1.html An essay by Harold Augenbraum from the Awards 60-year anniversary blog.] (from Internet Archive) The Williams essay includes Augenbraum's discussion of the split award.) External links{{wikiquote}}
16 : 20th-century American novelists|20th-century American poets|American male poets|American male novelists|National Book Award winners|University of Denver alumni|University of Denver faculty|University of Missouri alumni|1922 births|1994 deaths|United States Army Air Forces soldiers|American army personnel of World War II|People from Clarksville, Texas|Novelists from Texas|20th-century American male writers|Novelists from Colorado |
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