| 词条 | John Habgood |
| 释义 |
| honorific-prefix = {{pre-nominal styles|RRevd|&RHPC|size=100}} | name = The Lord Habgood | honorific-suffix = {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100|PC}} | image = John Stapylton Habgood (1981).jpg | caption = Habgood in 1981 | title = Archbishop of York | province = Province of York | diocese = Diocese of York | enthroned = 18 November 1983 | term_end = 1995 | predecessor = Stuart Blanch | successor = David Hope | other_post = Bishop of Durham (1973–1983) | ordination = 1954 | consecration = 1973 | birth_name = John Stapylton Habgood | birth_date = {{birth date|1927|6|23|df=y}} | death_date = {{death date and age|2019|3|6|1927|6|23|df=y}} | religion = Anglican | spouse = | children = | profession = | alma_mater = | module = | office = Member of the House of Lords Lord Temporal | term_start = 8 September 1995 | term_end = 3 October 2011 | office2 = Member of the House of Lords Lord Spiritual | term_start2 = 1973 | term_end2 = 1995 }} John Stapylton Habgood, Baron Habgood, {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100|PC}} (23 June 1927 – 6 March 2019)[1] was a British Anglican bishop, academic, and life peer. He was Bishop of Durham from 1973 to 1983, and Archbishop of York from 18 November 1983 to 1995. In 1995, he was made a life peer and so continued to serve in the House of Lords after stepping down as Archbishop. He took a leave of absence in later life, and was one of the first peers to explicitly retire from the Lords in 2011. Early life and careerHabgood was born on 23 June 1927, the son of Dr Arthur Henry Habgood and his wife Vera.[2] He was educated at Eton, King's College, Cambridge and Ripon College Cuddesdon. A University Demonstrator in Pharmacology from 1950 he became a Fellow of King's College, Cambridge in 1952.[3] In 1961 Habgood married Rosalie Mary Anne Boston (died 2016), he has two daughters and two sons, including Francis Habgood, the Chief Constable of Thames Valley Police.[2] Early ministryHabgood was ordained in the Church of England as a deacon in 1954 and as a priest in 1955.[4] From 1954 to 1956, he was a curate at St Mary Abbots Church, Kensington, London.[5] From 1956 to 1962 he was Vice-Principal of Westcott House theological college in Cambridge. From 1962 to 1967 he was Rector of St John's Church, Jedburgh. In 1967 he became Principal of Queen's College, Edgbaston, a theological college, until his appointment to the episcopate.[2] He was consecrated a bishop and appointed as Bishop of Durham in 1973.[6] He was passed over by Margaret Thatcher for appointment as Bishop of London in 1981.[7] Archbishop of YorkHabgood was elevated to Archbishop of York on 18 November 1983.[8] The other name put forward for her consideration was that of former England cricketer, David Sheppard, by then Bishop of Liverpool. Sheppard's socialist views - he later sat in the Lords as a Labour Peer - did not commend him to Thatcher.[9] As an archbishop, he was made a Privy Counsellor in 1983.[10] As Archbishop of York, Habgood was seen as a leader in keeping more conservative Anglicans within the church during growing divisions over the issue of women's ordination to the priesthood.[11] He supported the ordination of women to the priesthood, arguing that God is neither male nor female.[12] He also supported accommodating those who did not, and so introduced provincial episcopal visitors to provide pastoral care and oversight to laity, clergy, and parishes who could not accept women priests.[12] Habgood retired as Archbishop of York in 1995. CanterburyWhen Robert Runcie announced his retirement as Archbishop of Canterbury in 1990, Habgood was regarded as one of the favourites to succeed him. The religious journalist Clifford Longley described him as "the outstanding churchman of his generation", although noting that Habgood had described himself as too old.[13] As preparations for the selection of the new Archbishop began, Habgood gave a television interview stating that he was interested in being considered as "if I believed that this is what the church really wanted and if I believed that this is what God really wanted I would be under a strong obligation to say yes." At the same time it was reported that Habgood was not popular among those close to the Prime Minister, Margaret Thatcher, who would make the actual recommendation to the Queen.[14] At the beginning of May a report in the Sunday Correspondent stated that four candidates were under active consideration: Habgood, David Sheppard (Bishop of Liverpool), Colin James (Bishop of Winchester) and John Waine (Bishop of Chelmsford).[15] Habgood declined to take up the automatic place he could have had on the Crown Appointments Commission, which would select the two names to be given to the Prime Minister.[16] He was endorsed in a leader in The Times on 10 July 1990.[17] On 25 July it was announced that the next Archbishop of Canterbury would be George Carey, the Bishop of Bath and Wells. Habgood described him as "a good choice", adding that "there is a little human bit in anybody that likes the top job, but that is a very small part in my feelings. In my heart of hearts I didn't really want the job. If it had come five years ago I might have thought differently but you slow up and it is an enormously tiring job."[18] House of LordsFrom his appointment as Bishop of Durham in 1973 to his retirement as Archbishop of York in 1995, Habgood sat in the House of Lords as a Lord Spiritual. This was due to the senior rankings of the two bishoprics in the Church of England, which each granted an automatic seat in the Lords. He voted against Section 28 of the Local Government Act 1988 which banned local authorities from "promoting homosexuality" and state schools from teaching the "acceptability of homosexuality": it was later repealed in 2000 in Scotland and in 2003 in the rest of the UK.[19] Habgood was created a life peer as Baron Habgood, of Calverton in the County of Buckinghamshire on 8 September 1995,[20] allowing him to continue to sit in the House of Lords as a Lord Temporal. He sat as a crossbencher, rather than join a political party.[12] Later in his life he ceased attending the Lords and took leave of absence; on 3 October 2011 he became one of the first two peers to formally and permanently retire from membership under a newly instituted procedure[21] that was created before permanent retirement achieved full legal recognition under the House of Lords Reform Act 2014. Religion and scienceHabgood was a member and past president of The Science and Religion Forum.[22] He wrote in this area, e.g., his book Truths in Tension: New Perspectives on Religion and Science (1965). Another example of his work in this area is "Faith, Science and the Future: the Conference Sermon", which was given at the World Council of Churches' conference on Faith, Science and the Future held on the MIT campus (12–24 July 1979).[23] An early 21st-century example is his review of Ronald L. Numbers's book The Creationists, which Habgood titled "The creation of Creationism: Today's brand of Protestant extremism should worry theologians as well as scientists".[24] Books
A Cavendish Professor of Physics and Nobel Laureate, Nevill Mott, has cited this book. :"I am impressed too by the point of view of the present Archbishop of York (John Habgood, Science and Religion, [London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1964]), that to understand the Bible we must try to enter into the belief patterns of the period"[25]
Styles
See also{{Portal|Anglicanism}}
References1. ^{{cite web |last1=Becket |first1=Adam |title=Death announced of John Habgood, former Archbishop of York |url=https://www.churchtimes.co.uk/articles/2019/15-march/news/uk/death-announced-of-john-habgood-former-archbishop-of-york |work=Church Times |accessdate=7 March 2019}} 2. ^1 2 {{cite web|title=HABGOOD, Baron|url=http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whoswho/U18498/HABGOOD?index=1&results=QuicksearchResults&query=0|website=Who's Who|publisher=A & C Black|accessdate=24 July 2017}}{{Subscription or membership required}} 3. ^University News. The Times (London, England), Wednesday, 19 March 1952; p. 6; Issue 52264 4. ^{{Crockford| surname = Habgood | forenames = Lord (John Stapylton) | id = 34067 | accessed = 7 March 2019}} 5. ^Church web site 6. ^New bishop consecrated The Times (London, England), Wednesday, 2 May 1973; p. 20; Issue 58771 7. ^"The Right Reverend Lord Habgood: Archbishop of York of the highest intellectual calibre and integrity, whose liberal views proved unfashionable in the 1980s" Daily Telegraph Obituaries p33 Issue no 50,947 dated Friday 8 March 2019 8. ^Of Choristers – York, The Minster School {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101125152837/http://www.ofchoristers.net/Chapters/York.htm |date=25 November 2010 }} 9. ^Guardian obituary David Sheppard 7 March 2006. 10. ^Court Circular. The Times (London, England), Thursday, 22 December 1983; p. 12; Issue 61719 11. ^{{cite news|title=Habgood to retire as Archbishop of York|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/habgood-to-retire-as-archbishop-of-york-1440043.html|work=Independent|date=30 September 1994}} 12. ^1 2 {{cite news |last1=Webster |first1=Alan |title=Lord Habgood obituary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/mar/07/lord-habgood-obituary |accessdate=7 March 2019 |work=The Guardian |date=7 March 2019}} 13. ^{{cite news |title=Habgood by a head |last=Longley |first=Clifford |work=The Times |date=31 March 1990 |page=10}} 14. ^{{cite news |title=Habgood's mitre in the Canterbury ring |last=Longley |first=Clifford |work=The Times |date=4 May 1990 |page=1}} 15. ^{{cite news |title=Four left in Runcie race |work=The Sunday Times |date=6 May 1990}} 16. ^{{cite news |title=Bishops to help select archbishop |work=The Times |date=23 June 1990 |page=3}} 17. ^"A Sceptic for Canterbury", The Times, 10 July 1990, p. 15. 18. ^{{cite news |title=Carey appointment welcomed by Runcie |work=The Times |date=26 July 1990 |page=2}} 19. ^{{cite web |title=Former Archbishop of York dies aged 91 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-york-north-yorkshire-47483477 |website=BBC News |accessdate=7 March 2019 |date=7 March 2019}} 20. ^{{London Gazette |issue=54156 |date=13 September 1995 |page=12433}} 21. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.yorkpress.co.uk/news/9284819.Former_Archbishop_of_York_retires_from_House_of_Lords/ |title=Former Archbishop of York retires from House of Lords |date=3 October 2011 |publisher=The Press}} 22. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.srforum.org/newsite/Reviews/Reviews49.pdf|title=Reviews in Science and Religion (Num. 49, May 2007, page 17)|accessdate=18 September 2008|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080514172237/http://www.srforum.org/newsite/Reviews/Reviews49.pdf|archivedate=14 May 2008|df=dmy-all}} 23. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=ST4hAgAACAAJ Faith and Science in an Unjust World], World Council of Churches, 1980, {{ISBN|2-8254-0629-5}}, pp. 119–122 24. ^The Times Literary Supplement 23 July 2008, John Habgood 25. ^page 68 of {{cite book | author=Margenau, H. | year=1992 | title=Cosmos, Bios, Theos: Scientists Reflect on Science, God, and the Origins of the Universe, Life, and Homo sapiens | publisher=Open Court Publishing Company | authorlink=Henry Margenau}} co-edited with Roy Abraham Varghese. This book is mentioned in a 28 December 1992 Time magazine article: Galileo And Other Faithful Scientists 26. ^British Library web site accessed 17:08 GMT Friday 13 July 2011 External links
14 : 1927 births|2019 deaths|Bishops of Durham|Archbishops of York|Crossbench life peers|Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom|20th-century Anglican archbishops|Ordained peers|People educated at Eton College|Alumni of King's College, Cambridge|Fellows of King's College, Cambridge|Alumni of Ripon College Cuddesdon|Staff of Westcott House, Cambridge|Principals of Queen's College, Birmingham |
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