| 词条 | John H. Lawrence |
| 释义 |
|name = Dr. John H. Lawrence |image = |caption = |birth_date = {{birth date|1904|1|7}} |birth_place = Canton, South Dakota, United States |death_date = {{death date and age|1991|9|7|1904|1|7}} |death_place = Berkeley, California, United States |residence = United States |nationality = American |field = Nuclear Medicine |work_institutions = Harvard University Donner Laboratory , University of California, Berkeley |alma_mater = University of South Dakota Harvard University |known_for = development of nuclear medicine |prizes = Enrico Fermi Award (1983) }}John Hundale Lawrence (January 7, 1904 – September 7, 1991) was an American physicist and physician best known for pioneering the field of nuclear medicine.[1] BackgroundJohn Hundale Lawrence was born in Canton, South Dakota. His parents, Carl Gustavus and Gunda Regina (née Jacobson) Lawrence, were both the offspring of Norwegian immigrants who had met while teaching at the high school in Canton, South Dakota, where his father was also the superintendent of schools. His brother was physicist Ernest O. Lawrence. He attended college at the University of South Dakota before getting his M.D. degree from Harvard Medical School. He was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship in physics in 1957. [2][3]CareerHe had a long-term association with the University of California, Berkeley and worked at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. There he discovered treatments for leukemia and polycythemia by injecting infected mice with radioactive phosphorus derived from the cyclotron invented by his brother, the Nobel Laureate Ernest O. Lawrence.[4] Lawrence pioneered the usage of radioactive tracer techniques to study the impact of disease on metabolic processes.[5] He also demonstrated that neutron beams were potentially more effective at battling cancerous cells than X-rays,[5] and, in 1949, became the first physician to use a radioactively labelled noble gas for diagnostic purposes in humans.[5] Lawrence's work with cancer patients attracted the interest of William Donner, a Philadelphia industrialist and philanthropist, whose son had died of cancer. Donner contributed funds for construction of Donner Laboratory, at the Northeast corner of the Berkeley Campus that was dedicated in 1942. In June of the same year, he married Amy McNear Bowles, daughter of George McNear Bowles, Sr. and Beatrice (Nickel) Bowles of San Francisco. John Lawrence received the Enrico Fermi Award in 1983. He received honorary degrees from the University of South Dakota, University of Bordeaux and from the Catholic University of America. He was awarded the Caldwell Medal of the American Roentgen Ray Society; the MacKenzie Davidson Medal of the British Institute of Radiology ; a medal from Pope Pius XII; the Silver Medal of the University of Bordeaux; the Silver Cross of the Greek Royal Order of the Phoenix and the Pasteur Medal of the Pasteur Institute of Paris.[6] Lawrence was a survivor of the sinking of the SS Athenia in 1939. References1. ^John Hundale Lawrence, in Memoriam (Regent of the University of California) 2. ^[https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/52664994 John Hundale Lawrence (Find a Grave)] 3. ^John Hundale Lawrence (John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation) {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110622021941/http://www.gf.org/fellows/8491-john-hundale-lawrence |date=2011-06-22 }} 4. ^{{cite web | last =Yarris | first =Lynn | authorlink = | title =An Historical Perspective on the Lab's Legacy | website = | publisher =Berkeley Lab | date = | url =http://www.lbl.gov/Publications/75th/files/04-lab-history-pt-3.html | accessdate =2008-03-07 }} 5. ^{{Cite book|title=Lawrence and His Laboratory: A History of the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory: Volume I|last=Heilbron|first=J.L.|last2=Seidel|first2=Robert|publisher=University of California Press|year=1990|isbn=|location=Berkeley|pages=209–228}} 6. ^1 2 John Hundale Lawrence, Distinguished Nuclear Pioneer (Journal Of Nuclear Medicine. Volume 11, Number 6) Biography
External links
10 : People from Canton, South Dakota|1904 births|1991 deaths|University of South Dakota alumni|Harvard Medical School alumni|University of California, Berkeley faculty|American people of Norwegian descent|American nuclear medicine physicians|Enrico Fermi Award recipients|Guggenheim Fellows |
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