| 词条 | John Sheehan (New Zealand politician) |
| 释义 |
|honorific-prefix = The Honourable |name = John Sheehan |honorific-suffix = |image = John Sheehan, 1884.jpg |alt = |caption = Sheehan circa 1884 |order = 5th Minister of Justice |primeminister = George Grey |term_start = 13 October 1877 |term_end = 8 October 1879 |predecessor = Charles Bowen |successor = William Rolleston |birth_date = 5 July 1844 |birth_place = Auckland, New Zealand |death_date = 12 June 1885 |death_place = Napier, New Zealand |spouse = Lucy Caroline Young |relations = |profession = }} John Sheehan (5 July 1844 – 12 June 1885) was a 19th-century New Zealand politician. He was the first New Zealand-born Member of Parliament elected by a general electorate (rather than a Māori electorate) and he was the first New Zealand-born person to hold cabinet rank. {{sfn|Scholefield|1940|p=295}}BiographyEarly life and careerSheehan was born in Auckland in 1844. He was educated at St Peter's School under the guidance of his teacher, Richard O'Sullivan[1] and where he knew another later Cabinet Minister, Joseph Tole.[2] Political career{{NZ parlbox header|nolist=true|align=left}}{{NZ parlbox|start={{By-election link year|Rodney|1872}} |end=1875 |electorate={{NZ electorate link|Rodney}} |term=5th |party=Independent politician }}{{NZ parlbox |start=1876 |end=1879 |electorate=Rodney |term=6th |party=Independent politician }}{{NZ parlbox |start={{NZ election link year|1879}} |end=1881 |electorate={{NZ electorate link|Thames}} |term=7th |party=Independent politician }}{{NZ parlbox |start={{NZ election link year|1881}} |end=1884 |electorate=Thames |term=8th |party=Independent politician }}{{NZ parlbox break}}{{NZ parlbox |start={{By-election link year|Tauranga|1885}} |end= |electorate={{NZ electorate link|Tauranga}} |term=9th |party=Independent politician }}{{NZ parlbox footer}} He was the Minister of Justice and the Minister of Māori Affairs from 1877 to 1879.{{sfn|Wilson|1985|p=67}} He represented several North Island electorates: Rodney from {{By-election link year|Rodney|1872}} to 1879, then Thames from {{NZ election link year|1879}} to 1884, when he was defeated (for Napier by John Davies Ormond).{{sfn|Wilson|1985|p=234}}[3] He then represented Tauranga from a by-election on 22 May {{By-election link year|Tauranga|1885}} until he died shortly after on 12 June.{{sfn|Wilson|1985|p=234}} A fluent Maori speaker and a lawyer, he is noted for his efforts with the Repudiation Movement in the 1870s to solve land issues on behalf of Hawkes Bay Maori chiefs who claimed large European land holders, such as McLean, had acquired land improperly. The Repudiation Movement failed but Sheehan gained a positive reputation with Maori leaders. In 1877 he became Native Minister in the Grey Government. He tried to negotiate land deals in Taranaki with iwi leaders and, in respect of the King Country, with King Tawhaio, but failed. However, during these meetings he discovered that Rewi Maniapoto wanted to sell land and negotiated land sales to Europeans in the King Country that the government hoped would speed up assimilation. Sheehan negotiated unsuccessfully with Te Whiti whose base of Parihaka was destroyed by the Armed Constabulary in November 1881 after Sheehan had ceased to hold ministerial office (in 1879).[1] Sheehan was also active in promoting secular education and widening the franchise but he wanted only one system of Parliamentary representation, the abolition of separate Maori seats and the end of plural voting. He was one of the first ministers to advocate breaking up of the large runholder monopolies which he believed had created a social elite at the expense of the normal citizen.[1] DeathSheehan died of pneumonia and cirrhosis of the liver in Napier on 13 June 1885 aged 40 years.[1] Notes1. ^1 2 3 {{DNZB|Waterson|D. B.|2s19|Sheehan, John|7 April 2011}} 2. ^{{cite book |title=The Cyclopedia of New Zealand : Auckland Provincial District |year=1902 |url= http://www.nzetc.org/tm/scholarly/tei-Cyc02Cycl-t1-body1-d1-d10-d34.html#name-413758-mention |publisher=The Cyclopedia of New Zealand |author=Cyclopedia Company Limited |accessdate= 24 February 2012 |location=Christchurch |chapter=Hon. Joseph Augustus Tole}} 3. ^{{cite web |title=The General Election, 1884 |url= http://atojs.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/atojs?a=d&cl=search&d=AJHR1884-II.2.2.3.5 |publisher=National Library |accessdate=17 March 2012 |page=1 |year=1884}} References
11 : 1844 births|1885 deaths|Burials at Symonds Street Cemetery|Members of the Cabinet of New Zealand|Members of the New Zealand House of Representatives|People educated at St Peter's College, Auckland|Independent MPs of New Zealand|Unsuccessful candidates in the 1884 New Zealand general election|New Zealand MPs for North Island electorates|New Zealand people of Irish descent|19th-century New Zealand politicians |
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