| 词条 | John Taylor (oculist) |
| 释义 |
"Chevalier" John Taylor (1703–1772) was an early British eye surgeon, self-promoter, and medical charlatan of 18th century Europe, noted by Samuel Johnson, and associated with the surgical mistreatment of Handel, Bach, and perhaps hundreds of others.[1] CareerTaylor was born in Norwich, studied in London under the pioneering British surgeon William Cheselden at St Thomas' Hospital, and by 1727 had produced a book, An Account of the Mechanism of the Eye, dedicated to Cheselden.[2] While his practice grew, operating on celebrities of the time such as Edward Gibbon, making the acquaintance of Viennese courtier and patron of composers Gottfried van Swieten, and being appointed royal eye surgeon to King George II, his flair for self-promotion grew with it, then beyond it. He dubbed himself "Chevalier". He toured Europe in a coach painted with images of eyes, performing the ancient technique of couching cataracts and other techniques in something like an eye surgery travelling medicine show, with claims, treatments, and payments coordinated for an easy exit out of town.[3] In his expansive 1761 autobiography in two volumes, The Life and Extraordinary History of the Chevalier John Taylor, Taylor styled himself "Ophthalmiater (sic) Pontifical, Imperial, Royal." Taylor's career was destructive. Some time in late March 1750, during one of his European tours, Taylor operated on Bach's cataracts in Leipzig and reportedly blinded him. There is some evidence that Taylor operated on Handel in August 1758, in Tunbridge Wells, after which Handel's health deteriorated until his death in April 1759. In both cases Taylor claimed complete success.[2] Prior to performing each surgical procedure, he would deliver a long, self-promoting speech in an unusual oratorial style.[4] (John Barrell, London Review of Books, 2004) Dutch ophthalmologist R. Zegers mentions that "after his training, Taylor started practicing in Switzerland, where he blinded hundreds of patients, he once confessed".[5] Writer Samuel Johnson said of Taylor that his life showed "an instance of how far impudence may carry ignorance." Taylor died in obscurity in 1772, after spending the last years of his life completely blind.[6] However, the musicologist Charles Burney claims that he died on the morning of Friday 16 November 1770 in Rome, also claiming to have "dined with him at my table d'hote a few days before his death".[7] See also
References1. ^{{cite news|last1=Smith|first1=Susan Lambert|title=Handel, Bach Were Blinded by '18th Century Quackery'|url=http://www.med.wisc.edu/news-events/handel-bach-were-blinded-by-18th-century-quackery/25951|accessdate=5 July 2017|publisher=University of Wisconsin Madison School of Medicine and Public Health|date=14 December 2009}} 2. ^1 {{cite journal|last1=Jackson|first1=David M.|title=Bach, Handel, and the Chevalier Taylor|journal=Medical History|date=October 1968|volume= 12|issue=4|pages= 385–393|url=http://www.musebaroque.fr/MB_Archive/Downloads/Jackson_Taylor.pdf|accessdate=5 July 2017|doi=10.1017/s002572730001365x}} 3. ^{{cite book|last1=Hirschberg|first1=Julius|title=The history of ophthalmology, Volumen 11,Parte 2|date=1986|publisher=Wayenborgh|url=https://books.google.cl/books?id=qg9PAQAAIAAJ&q=videre|accessdate=13 January 2015}} 4. ^{{cite journal |last1=Barrell |first1=John |title=The Reptile Oculist |journal=London Review of Books |date=1 April 2004 |volume=26 |issue=7 |pages=19–25 |url=https://www.lrb.co.uk/v26/n07/john-barrell/the-reptile-oculist}} 5. ^{{cite journal |last1=Zegers |first1=Richard H. C. |title=The Eyes of Johann Sebastian Bach |journal=Archives of Ophthalmology |date=2005 |volume=123 |issue=10 |pages=1427–1430 |doi=10.1001/archopht.123.10.1427}} 6. ^{{cite book|last1=Taylor|first1=John|title=Records of My Life: In Two Volumes, Volumen 1|date=1832|publisher=Bull|page=24|url=https://books.google.cl/books?id=IzI6AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA24|accessdate=13 January 2015}} 7. ^{{cite book|first=Charles |last=Burney|title=Music, Men, and Manners in France and Italy, 1770 |date=1969 |location=London |publisher=The Folio Society |page= 206 |editor-last=Poole |editor-first=H. Edmund}} Further reading
5 : 1703 births|1772 deaths|British ophthalmologists|British surgeons|People from Norwich |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。