| 词条 | John William Finn | ||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|name= John William Finn |birth_date= {{Birth date|1909|7|24|df=yes}} |death_date= {{Death date and age|2010|5|27|1909|7|23|df=yes}} |birth_place= Los Angeles County, California, U.S. |death_place= Chula Vista, California, U.S. |placeofburial= Saint Carmel Cemetery,[1] Campo Indian Reservation[2] |placeofburial_coordinates = {{Coord|32.650866|-116.365063|display=inline,title}} |placeofburial_label= |image= John William Finn.jpg |caption= John William Finn wearing his Medal of Honor | alt = A monochrome photograph of a man in white clothing wearing a medal |allegiance= {{flag|United States|1912|name=United States of America|size=23px}} |branch= {{flag|United States Navy|1912|size=23px}} |serviceyears= 1926–1956 |rank= Lieutenant |unit= |battles= World War II
|awards= Medal of Honor Purple Heart }} John William Finn (24 July 1909 – 27 May 2010) was a sailor in the United States Navy who, as a chief petty officer, received the United States military's highest decoration, the Medal of Honor, for his actions during the attack on Pearl Harbor in World War II. As a chief aviation ordnanceman stationed at Naval Air Station Kaneohe Bay, he earned the medal by manning a machine gun from an exposed position throughout the attack, despite being repeatedly wounded. He continued to serve in the Navy and in 1942 was commissioned an ensign. In 1947 he was reverted to chief petty officer, eventually rising to lieutenant before his 1956 retirement. In his later years he made many appearances at events celebrating veterans. At the time of his death, Finn was the oldest living Medal of Honor recipient, the last living recipient from the attack on Pearl Harbor, and the last United States Navy recipient of World War II. Early lifeBorn on 24 July 1909, in Compton, California, Finn dropped out of school after the seventh grade.[3] He enlisted in the Navy in July 1926, shortly before his seventeenth birthday, and completed recruit training in San Diego.[3][4] After a brief stint with a ceremonial guard company, he attended General Aviation Utilities Training at Naval Station Great Lakes, graduating in December. By April 1927 he was back in the San Diego area, having been assigned to Naval Air Station North Island. He initially worked in aircraft repair before becoming an aviation ordnanceman and working on anti-aircraft guns. He then served on a series of ships: the {{USS|Lexington|CV-2}}, the {{USS|Houston|CA-30}}, the {{USS|Jason|AC-12}}, the {{USS|Saratoga|CV-3}}, and the {{USS|Cincinnati|CL-6}}. Finn was promoted to chief petty officer (E-7, the highest enlisted rank in the Navy at that time[5]) in 1935 after only nine years of active duty. He later commented on his promotions, "Everybody thought I was a boy wonder. I was just in the right place at the right time."[6] As a chief, Finn served with patrol squadrons in San Diego, Washington, and Panama.[4][7] Attack on Pearl HarborBy December 1941, Finn was stationed at Naval Air Station Kaneohe Bay on the island of Oahu in Hawaii. As a chief aviation ordnanceman, he was in charge of twenty men whose primary task was to maintain the weapons of VP-11, a PBY Catalina flying boat squadron. At 7:48 a.m. on the morning of Sunday, 7 December 1941, Finn was at his home, about a mile from the aircraft hangars, when he heard the sound of gunfire. Finn recalled how a neighbor was the first to alert him, when she knocked on his door saying, "They want you down at the squadron right away!" He drove to the hangars, catching sight of Japanese planes in the sky on the way, and found that the airbase was being attacked, with most of the PBYs already on fire.[3][7] Finn's men were trying to fight back by using the machine guns mounted in the PBYs, either by firing from inside the flaming planes or by detaching the guns and mounting them on improvised stands. Finn later explained that one of the first things he did was to take control of a machine gun from his squadron's painter. "I said, 'Alex, let me take that gun' ... knew that I had more experience firing a machine gun than a painter."[7] Finding a movable tripod platform used for gunnery training, Finn attached the .50 caliber machine gun and pushed the platform into an open area, from which he had a clear view of the attacking aircraft. He fired on the Japanese planes for the next two hours, even after being seriously wounded, until the attack had ended. In total, he received 21 distinct wounds, including a bullet through his right foot and an injury to his left shoulder, which caused him to lose feeling in his left arm.[3] "I got that gun and I started shooting at Jap planes," Finn said in a 2009 interview. "I was out there shooting the Jap planes and just every so often I was a target for some," he said, "In some cases, I could see their [the Japanese pilots'] faces." Despite his wounds, Finn returned to the hangars later that day. After receiving medical treatment, he helped arm the surviving American planes.[3][7] His actions earned him the first Medal of Honor to be awarded in World War II.[19][20][8] He was formally presented with the decoration on 14 September 1942, by Admiral Chester Nimitz, for courage and valor beyond the call of duty. The ceremony took place in Pearl Harbor on board the {{USS|Enterprise|CV-6}}.[3][7] In 1942 Finn was commissioned, and served as a Limited Duty Officer with the rank of ensign. In 1947 he was reverted to his enlisted rank of chief petty officer, eventually becoming a lieutenant with Bombing Squadron VB-102 and aboard the {{USS|Hancock|CV-19|6}}. He retired from the Navy as a lieutenant in September 1956.[7] Later life and legacyFrom 1956 until shortly before his death, Finn resided on a {{convert|90|acre|km2|adj=on}} ranch in Live Oak Springs, near Pine Valley, California. He and his wife became foster parents to five Native American children, causing him to be embraced by the Campo Band of Diegueño Mission Indians, a tribe of Kumeyaay people in San Diego. His wife, Alice Finn, died in 1998.[9] John Finn was a member of the John Birch Society.[10] In his retirement he made many appearances at events honoring veterans.[27] On 25 March 2009, he attended National Medal of Honor Day ceremonies at Arlington National Cemetery. With the aid of walking sticks, he stood beside U.S. President Barack Obama during a wreath-laying ceremony at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier. Later that day, Finn was a guest at the White House. It was his first visit to the White House, and his first time meeting a sitting President.[7] On June 27, 2009, a crowd of over 2,000 made up of family, friends and well-wishers came to Pine Valley to celebrate Finn's 100th birthday. The Association of Aviation Ordnancemen presented him with an American flag which had flown on each of the 11 aircraft carriers then in active service.[29] When called a hero during a 2009 interview Finn responded: {{quote|That damned hero stuff is a bunch [of] crap, I guess. [...] You gotta understand that there's all kinds of heroes, but they never get a chance to be in a hero's position.}}Finn died at age 100 on the morning of 27 May 2010, at the Chula Vista Veterans Home.[27] He was buried beside his wife at the Campo Indian Reservation's cemetery, after a memorial service in El Cajon.[11] He was the last surviving Medal of Honor recipient from the attack on Pearl Harbor, the oldest living recipient, and the only aviation ordnanceman to have ever received the medal.[33] Upon his death, fellow World War II veteran Barney F. Hajiro became the oldest living Medal of Honor recipient.[7][27] NamesakeThe headquarters building for Commander, Patrol and Reconnaissance Force, United States Pacific Fleet at Marine Corps Base Hawaii Kaneohe was named in Finn's honor, and in 2009 a boat used to bring visitors to the USS Arizona Memorial was also named after him.[12] In that same year, part of Historic U.S. Route 80, was named "John Finn Route".[13] Three buildings in the former Naval Training Center San Diego were named the John and Alice Finn Office Plaza.[14] On 15 February 2012, the U.S. Secretary of the Navy Ray Mabus announced that an {{sclass-|Arleigh Burke|destroyer}} would be named the {{USS|John Finn|DDG-113}} in his honor.[15] Awards and decorationsFinn received the following awards and decorations:[16]
Medal of Honor citation{{quotation|For extraordinary heroism, distinguished service, and devotion above and beyond the call of duty. During the first attack by Japanese airplanes on the Naval Air Station, Kaneohe Bay, Territory of Hawaii, on December 7, 1941, he promptly secured and manned a .50 caliber machine gun mounted on an instruction stand in a completely exposed section of the parking ramp, which was under heavy [Japanese] machine gun strafing fire. Although painfully wounded many times, he continued to man this gun and to return the [Japanese] fire vigorously and with telling effect throughout the [Japanese] strafing and bombing attacks and with complete disregard for his own personal safety. It was only by specific orders that he was persuaded to leave his post to seek medical attention. Following first-aid treatment, although obviously suffering much pain and moving with great difficulty, he returned to the squadron area and actively supervised the rearming of returning planes. His extraordinary heroism and conduct in this action are considered to be in keeping with the highest traditions of the Naval Service.[17]}}See also{{Commons category|John William Finn}}{{Portal|Biography|United States Navy|World War II}}
References{{NHC}} 1. ^{{Find a Grave|52924541|Lieut John William Finn}} [18][19][20]{{cite web |url=http://www.mohhsus.com/medal-of-honor/list-by-alphabet-2/list-by-alphabet-f-g-h-i-j |title=List by Alphabet ( F-J ) |author= |year=2013 |publisher=Medal of Honor Historical Society of the United States |accessdate=23 March 2013 |quote=FINN, John William (World War II) Saint Carmel Cemetery (Campo Reservation Cemetery), Live Oak Springs, California }} {{Find a Grave| grid= 52924541| name= Lieut John William Finn| date= 27 May 2010| accessdate= 6 April 2013 | author= Bob Hufford }} 2. ^{{cite book |editor1-first=James H. |editor1-last=Willbanks |title=America's Heroes: Medal of Honor Recipients from the Civil War to Afghanistan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1j4d53cZWO4C&lpg=PA103&ots=bKi37E0jk4&dq=Finn%20buried%20Campo&pg=PA103#v=onepage&q=Finn%20buried%20Campo&f=false |accessdate=23 March 2013 |year=2011 |publisher=ABC-CLIO|location=Santa Barbara |isbn=9781598843934 |page=183 }} 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{Cite book|last=Collier|first=Peter|title=Medal of Honor: Portraits of Valor Beyond the Call of Duty|publisher=Workman Publishing Company|location=New York|year=2006|page=83|isbn=978-1-57965-314-9 }} 4. ^1 {{Cite book|last=Leahy|first=J. F.|title=Ask the Chief: Backbone of the Navy|publisher=Naval Institute Press|location=Annapolis|year=2004|pages=191|isbn=978-1-59114-460-1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ljcFDOC6q3UC |accessdate=6 October 2009}} 5. ^http://www.history.navy.mil/browse-by-topic/organization-and-administration/ranks/enlisted-personnel/history-of-the-chief-petty-officer.html 6. ^http://www.quarterdeck.org/book/finn.htm 7. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{Cite news|title=WWII veteran, the oldest surviving Medal of Honor recipient, dies at 100|last=Perry|first=Tony|date=29 May 2010|work=The Virginian Pilot via the Los Angeles Times|page=6}} 8. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.cmohs.org/medal-history.php |title=History |author=Doug Sterner |year=2013 |publisher=Congressional Medal of Honor Society |accessdate=31 March 2013}} {{cite news |title=John Finn dies — earned WWII Medal of Honor |author=Julie Watson |agency=Associated Press |url=http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/John-Finn-dies-earned-WWII-Medal-of-Honor-3263478.php |newspaper=San Francisco Chronicle |date=28 May 2010 |accessdate=31 March 2013}} 9. ^1 {{Cite news |author=Shapiro, T. Rees |title=Lt. John W. Finn, Medal of Honor recipient, Dies At 100 |newspaper=The Washington Post|date=29 May 2010|page=B5 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/05/28/AR2010052804477.html |accessdate=30 May 2010}} 10. ^{{cite web|title=Men of honor: among the elite fellowship of those who have earned our nation's highest decoration, the Medal of Honor, the John Birch society is well represented.|url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/_/print/PrintArticle.aspx?id=110025659|publisher=The New American |archiveurl=https://www.questia.com/read/1G1-110025659 |archivedate=20 October 2003 |accessdate=7 April 2006 }} 11. ^{{cite news |title=Family and friends bid farewell to John Finn |author=Onell R. Soto |author2=Jeanette Steele |url=http://www.utsandiego.com/news/2010/jun/03/family-and-friends-bid-farewell-john-finn/ |newspaper=San Diego Union Tribune |date=4 June 2010 |accessdate=23 March 2013}} {{cite news |title=John Finn, hero at Pearl Harbor, dies at 100 |author=Blanca Gonzalez |url=http://www.utsandiego.com/news/2010/may/27/john-finn-hero-at-pearl-harbor-dies-at-100/ |newspaper=San Diego Union Tribune |date=28 May 2010 |accessdate=23 March 2013}} 12. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.navy.mil/submit/display.asp?story_id=50096 |title=Medal of Honor Recipient Lt John Finn Visits Namesake Arizona White Boat |author=MS2 Robert Stirrup |date=9 December 2009 |work=Navy Region Hawaii Public Affairs |publisher=United States Navy |accessdate=31 March 2013}} {{cite web |url=http://www.nps.gov/valr/parknews/biodeisel-ferry-boats.htm |title=USS Arizona Memorial and U.S. Navy to Dedicate New Biodiesel Ferry Boat |author=Eileen Martinez |author2=Grace Hew Len |date=9 April 2009 |work=World War II Valor in the Pacific National Monument |publisher=National Park Service |accessdate=31 March 2013}} {{cite web |url=http://mccshawaii.com/aboutmccs/ |title=About MCCS |author= |publisher=Marine Corps Community Services Hawaii |accessdate=29 March 2013}} 13. ^{{cite news |author= |title=John Finn's Birthday Celebration |url=http://www.fillmoregazette.com/military/ci-veterans-resource-center-grand..?page=16 |newspaper=Fillmore Gazette |date=29 June 2009 |access-date=5 February 2015 }} 14. ^{{cite news |title=John and Alice Finn Office Plaza for sale |author=Sam Hodgson |url=http://www.sddt.com/Search/article.cfm?SourceCode=20060927cxd#.UVoPmJO38zw |newspaper=The Daily Transcript |date=27 September 2006 |accessdate=1 April 2013}} 15. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.navy.mil/submit/display.asp?story_id=65361 |title=Navy Names Five New Ships |author= |date=15 February 2012 |publisher=United States Navy |accessdate=23 March 2013}} 16. ^1 {{cite web |url=https://www.pbs.org/weta/americanvalor/stories/finn.html |title=John Finn |year=2003 |work=American Valor |publisher=GWETA |accessdate=30 March 2013}} 17. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/pers-us/uspers-f/j-finn.htm |title=Lieutenant John William Finn, USN, (1909–2010) |author= |work=Naval History & Heritage Command |publisher=United States Navy |accessdate=23 March 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130303141919/http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/pers-us/uspers-f/j-finn.htm |archivedate= 3 March 2013 |df= }} 18. ^1 2 3 {{Cite news |last=Gonzalez |first=Blanca |title=John Finn, hero at Pearl Harbor, dies at 100 |newspaper=The San Diego Union-Tribune |date=27 May 2010 |url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/2010/may/27/john-finn-hero-at-pearl-harbor-dies-at-100/ |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5q4nKLZL0?url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/2010/may/27/john-finn-hero-at-pearl-harbor-dies-at-100/ |archivedate=29 May 2010 |accessdate=30 May 2010 |deadurl=yes |df= }} 19. ^1 {{Cite news|url=http://www3.signonsandiego.com/stories/2009/jul/25/1m25finn234155-ex-sailor-100-get-special-birthday-/?military&zIndex=138111|title=Ex-sailor, 100, to get special birthday salute|last=Wilkens|first=John|date=25 July 2009|work=The San Diego Union-Tribune|accessdate=29 July 2009 }} 20. ^1 {{Cite news|url=http://www.navytimes.com/news/2009/05/ap_moh_recipient_100_052909/|title=Medal of Honor recipient turning 100|agency=Associated Press |date=29 May 2009|work=Navy Times |accessdate=6 October 2009 }} }} External links
12 : 1909 births|2010 deaths|American naval personnel of World War II|United States Navy Medal of Honor recipients|United States Navy sailors|United States Navy officers|American centenarians|People from Chula Vista, California|Military personnel from California|World War II recipients of the Medal of Honor|John Birch Society members|Attack on Pearl Harbor |
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