请输入您要查询的百科知识：

　

词条 Joseph Bruno
释义

  1. Early life

  2. Political career

     2007-2008 legislative session  Police surveillance controversy  Acting Lieutenant Governor  Retirement 

  3. Criticism

  4. Criminal charges and eventual acquittal

  5. Personal life

  6. References

  7. External links

{{about|the New York State Senator|other people}}{{Infobox state senator
|image =Joe Bruno.JPG
|imagesize =
|office1 = Lieutenant Governor of New York
{{small|Acting}}
|governor1 = David Paterson
|term_start1 = March 17, 2008
|term_end1 = June 24, 2008
|preceded1 = David Paterson
as Lieutenant Governor
|succeeded1 = Dean Skelos
|office2 = Temporary President and Majority Leader of the New York State Senate
|term_start2 = November 25, 1994
|term_end2 = June 24, 2008
|preceded2 =Ralph J. Marino
|succeeded2 = Dean Skelos
|state_senate3 =New York
|district3 =41st, later the 43rd
|term_start3 =January 1, 1977
|term_end3 =July 18, 2008
|preceded3 =Douglas Hudson
|succeeded3 =Roy McDonald
|birth_name=Joseph Louis Bruno
|birth_date ={{Birth date and age|1929|4|8}}
|birth_place =Glens Falls, New York, U.S.
|death_date =
|death_place =
|nationality =American
|party =Republican
|spouse =Barbara Frasier (deceased)
|partner =Kay Stafford
|relations =
|children =Joseph, Susan, Kenneth, and Catherine
|residence =Brunswick, New York
|alma_mater =Skidmore College (BA)
|occupation =
|profession =
|religion =
|signature =
|website =
|footnotes =
}}

Joseph Louis Bruno (born April 8, 1929) is an American businessman and Republican politician from upstate New York. Bruno served in the New York State Senate from 1977 to 2008, and was Senate Majority Leader from 1994 to 2008. Bruno was convicted of federal corruption charges in 2009, but his conviction was overturned on appeal and a subsequent retrial resulted in an acquittal.

Early life

Bruno was born in Glens Falls, New York, and graduated from St. Mary's Academy. He has a B.A. degree in Business Administration from Skidmore College and served in the Korean War as an infantry sergeant. Bruno served as president of the New York State Jaycees and in 1964 was named by them as one of the five "Outstanding Young Men of the State."[1]

Political career

In 1966, Bruno was on the campaign staff of Governor Nelson Rockefeller, and from 1969 to 1974 he served as Special Assistant to Speaker of the Assembly Perry B. Duryea. From 1968 to 1969, he was President of the New York State Association of Young Republicans. He also served as Chairman of the Rensselaer County Republican Committee from 1974 to 1977.[2]

Bruno was a member of the New York State Senate from 1977 to 2008, sitting in the 182nd, 183rd, 184th, 185th, 186th, 187th, 188th, 189th, 190th, 191st, 192nd, 193rd, 194th, 195th, 196th and 197th New York State Legislatures. He was elected Temporary President of the New York State Senate on November 25, 1994, ousting the incumbent Ralph J. Marino.[3]

Bruno, along with Governor George Pataki and Assembly Speaker Sheldon Silver, was instrumental in returning the death penalty to New York State in 1995.[4][5] The New York Court of Appeals (the highest state court in New York) later found the law to be unconstitutional because it gave jurors deadlocked between life without parole and execution no choice but to give eligibility for parole after 25 years; the Court of Appeals feared that jurors faced with this choice would unfairly lean toward a death sentence.[6] In the 10 years after the law was passed, New York's crime rate plummeted without ever seeing an execution, perhaps weakening public support for the death penalty.[7] Silver let the law die in 2005 without much debate.[8]

After SONDA, a gay rights bill, languished in the state Senate for many years as a result of Bruno's opposition,[9] Bruno and his caucus were put on the spot for their support of a socially conservative agenda.[10] LGBT people and groups pushed very hard for SONDA,[11] and in late 2002, Bruno finally gave in;[12] the bill passed the Senate and was signed into law by Governor Pataki.[13]

According to an editorial in The Buffalo News, Bruno pushed a bill through the Senate on June 27, 1995 that would have required girls under 16 to get consent from both parents for an abortion. The bill never passed the New York State Assembly.{{ref|BuffaloNews-PREGNANT-TEENS}}

In 2005, Bruno proposed research into high-speed rail development in New York State as part of a plan to boost Upstate New York's economy.{{ref|BrunoWebSite-High-Speed-Rail}}

Bruno dominated politics in Rensselaer County, as well as the state, experiencing only two major defeats: When Democratic Judge Patrick McGrath won re-election as County Court Judge by 69 percent in 2003, and when East Greenbush Town Justice Bob Jacon defeated District Attorney Patricia DeAngelis for an additional County Judgeship that was created by the State Senate specifically for DeAngelis in 2005.

In February 2005, Bruno stated that America, instead of battling insurgents in Iraq, should declare victory and "get the troops out of there."[14]

There is at least one building named for Bruno in each of the fourteen towns and two cities that comprise Rensselaer County, New York. In addition, the Tri-City ValleyCats—a short-season minor-league affiliate of the Houston Astros—play in Joseph L. Bruno Stadium situated on the Troy-North Greenbush border.[15]

2007-2008 legislative session

Entering 2007, Bruno's hold on Senate control appeared more tenuous than in prior years, as the Republicans lost the seat formerly held by Nicholas Spano, failed to regain a Republican-leaning seat in Syracuse and—with a caucus diminished to 33 members—had to defend the open seat of Michael Balboni in Nassau County; the latter seat was lost to Democrat Craig Johnson, Nassau County Legislator in a February 6, 2007 special election.[16] The electoral reverses and the ongoing FBI investigation led some Republicans to suggest Bruno might step down as Majority Leader.[17] There were also rumors some Republican senators might cross the aisle to throw control of the Senate to the Democrats.[16]

In April 2007, Bruno also appeared to hold veto power over two other Spitzer initiatives: gay marriage[18] and campaign finance reform.[19] Bruno challenged Spitzer to restore the state's death penalty law.[20] Bruno also criticized the Governor's plan to issue driver licenses to illegal immigrants, claiming it was aimed at stuffing the ballot box with Democratic voters.[21]

Bruno's position became more tenuous in February 2008 after the special election loss of the heavily Republican 48th District in Watertown, which had formerly been held by Sen. James W. Wright. This loss diminished the Republican Senate majority to a single seat, and press speculation centered on whether the remaining GOP senate caucus would cause Bruno to step down.[22]

Police surveillance controversy

{{Main|Eliot Spitzer political surveillance controversy}}

On July 23, 2007, New York State Attorney General Andrew Cuomo admonished Governor Eliot Spitzer's administration for ordering the State Police to track Bruno's travel records, particularly his use of a state helicopter.[23] At the direction of top officials of the Spitzer administration, the New York State Police created documents meant to cause political damage to Bruno.[24] The governor's staff had stated they were responding to a Freedom of Information Act (FOIA or FOIL) request from The Times-Union of Albany in late June.[23][25] On May 23, Spitzer's Communications Director Darren Dopp wrote Rich Baum, a senior Spitzer adviser, that "records exist going way back"[26] about Bruno's use of state aircraft, and that "Also, I think there is a new and different way to proceed re media. Will explain tomorrow."[25] Dopp later wrote another e-mail to Baum after a story ran in the Times-Union about a federal grand jury investigation of Bruno's investments in thoroughbred racing horses, and wrote: "Think travel story would fit nicely in the mix."[25][26]

A 57-page report issued by the Attorney General's office[27] concluded that Spitzer aides attempted to create negative media coverage concerning Bruno's travel before any FOIA request was made.[28] The investigation looked into both Bruno's travel and the senate leader's allegation that Spitzer used State Police to spy on him.[29] The Spitzer administration and the State Police provided far more details about Bruno than about other officials to the Times-Union, including records to reply to a request under the state's Freedom of Information laws, though no such request had even been made.[30] No other officials were subject to the same scrutiny as Bruno, and in some cases, the reports created by State Police were pieced together long after the trips, sometimes based on the memory of the police escorts involved.[31] The report cleared Bruno of any legal violations in his use of the state's air fleet.[24][32][39][40] The report criticized Spitzer's office for using State Police resources to gather information about Bruno's travel and releasing the information to the media.[33]

Spitzer responded at a July 23 press conference that "As governor, I am accountable for what goes on in the executive branch and I accept responsibility for the actions of my office"[23] and that his administration had "grossly mishandled"[23] the situation.[34] Spitzer issued an apology to Bruno and stated that "I apologized to Senator Bruno and I did so personally this morning."[23]

On March 29, 2008, The Buffalo News reported "former Gov. Eliot L. Spitzer lied to prosecutors" about his role in Troopergate, but "the Albany County district attorney said he will not pursue any criminal charges against the already disgraced ex-governor."[35]

Acting Lieutenant Governor

On March 17, 2008, Governor Eliot Spitzer resigned and Lieutenant Governor David Paterson succeeded to the governor's office. Joseph Bruno - as Temporary President of the state Senate - became Acting Lieutenant Governor, and was next-in-line to become Acting Governor of New York in case of a vacancy.

Retirement

On June 23, 2008, Bruno confirmed that he would not seek re-election in the fall of 2008.[36] On June 24, 2008, Bruno stepped down as "temporary president of the senate" and as Senate Majority Leader.[37] On July 18, 2008, Bruno resigned his New York State Senate seat.[38] On November 4, 2008, he was replaced by his "hand-picked" successor, Roy McDonald, in the general election.[39]

Almost one year after stepping down from being Senate Majority Leader, Bruno announced that he supported same-sex marriage - a position that in the past he had never taken publicly.[40] In 2009, Bruno was asked by Governor David Paterson to speak out for same-sex marriage in Albany.[41] Bruno also admitted in 2009 that he personally favored same-sex marriage but never brought it the floor of the State Senate because the majority of his conference was against it, stating "[this] is America, and we have inalienable rights... Life is short, and we should all be afforded the same opportunities and rights to enjoy it."[42] Same-sex marriage legislation was passed in New York in 2011.

Criticism

During the budget process in 1995, Bruno, who was new to the Majority Leader role at the time, made a comment about Blacks and Hispanics who "got their hands out" pressuring the legislature to avoid cuts to social services.[43][44] According to the Syracuse Post-Standard, "Bruno said he was referring to the Black and Puerto Rican Caucus, which is a major force in the Democratic majority in the Assembly."[45] Bruno's defense was that he was referring to political caucuses, not all blacks and Hispanics; he offered a blanket apology for offending some people, but refused to take his words back.[46]

Fiscal conservative pundits originally were very supportive of Bruno's agenda in the State Senate.[47] In later years, they expressed concern over Bruno's willingness to cooperate with Assembly Speaker Sheldon Silver on budgets deemed to be excessive, over endorsements Bruno received from state employee labor unions, including health care union Local 1199, and over Bruno's recruitment of former Democrats to run as Republicans for swing Senate districts in Syracuse and the Bronx.[48][49]

In December 2006, Bruno disclosed that the Federal Bureau of Investigation had been looking into business associates of Bruno's who had received state grants.[50] The FBI investigation appeared to lead Bruno to end one of his long-time consulting jobs in 2007.[51]

Criminal charges and eventual acquittal

On January 23, 2009, Bruno was indicted on eight federal corruption charges, including mail and wire fraud.[52] The indictment alleged that between 1993 and 2006, Bruno was paid $3.2 million in consulting fees to use his position to do favors for entities with business before the state.[53]

On December 7, 2009, Bruno was convicted of two counts of mail and wire fraud. He was acquitted of five felony charges, and the jury hung on the eighth and final count of the indictment.[54] On May 6, 2010, he was sentenced to two years in jail.[55][56]

In November 2011, Bruno's convictions were overturned on appeal.[57][58] In May 2013, Bruno's lawyers urged an appeals court to halt the planned retrial, claiming it would violate Bruno's right against double jeopardy.[59] In August 2013, the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit denied Bruno's appeal and held that he could be retried.[60] On May 16, 2014, Bruno was acquitted on both remaining corruption charges.[61]

Personal life

Bruno and his wife, Barbara, had four children: Joseph, Susan, Kenneth and Catherine. Barbara Bruno passed away in 2008 after suffering from Alzheimer's disease.[62] As of 2014, Bruno's partner was Kay Stafford,[63][64][65] President and CEO of CMA Consulting Services[66] and widow of the late Republican State Senator Ron Stafford.[67] Bruno lives in Brunswick in Rensselaer County, New York.[68]

In September 2013, Bruno had successful surgery to remove a cancerous tumor from his kidney.[69]

In October 2015, Bruno announced that he was contributing $1.4 million in unspent campaign funds to the New York State Senate Republican Campaign Committee, and donating $100,000 to a scholarship fund. At the same time, he announced that he was closing his legal defense fund and donating the $70,000 balance to several nonprofit organizations.[70]

Bruno's autobiography, Keep Swinging: A Memoir of Politics and Justice, was published by Post Hill Press in November 2016.[71]

References

1. ^NNDB entry: Joseph Bruno
2. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=T3xBhd0rEZsC&q=%22joseph+l.+bruno%22+rockefeller+duryea&dq=%22joseph+l.+bruno%22+rockefeller+duryea&hl=en&sa=X&ei=WXh2T8efNNGgtwezg5jTDg&ved=0CDsQ6AEwAg Biography, The New York State Directory], published by E. T. Walsh, 1997, page 22
3. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=JE2fZwrUsN4C&pg=PT120&dq=%22joseph+l.+bruno%22+new+york+senate+1976&hl=en&sa=X&ei=yHh2T9vDC8LAtgfkh7X5Dg&ved=0CD4Q6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=%22joseph%20l.%20bruno%22%20new%20york%20senate%201976&f=false Rough Justice: The Rise and Fall of Eliot Spitzer], by Peter Elkind, 2010
4. ^[https://www.nytimes.com/1995/03/07/nyregion/new-york-senate-approves-revival-of-death-penalty.html Newspaper article, New York Senate Approves Revival of Death Penalty], by James Dao, New York Times, March 7, 1995
5. ^[https://archive.is/20130415124852/http://www.northcountrygazette.org/articles/2007/042507DeathPenalty.html Newspaper article, Senate Pushing For Reinstatement Of Death Penalty], North Country Gazette, April 25, 2007
6. ^[https://www.nytimes.com/2004/06/25/nyregion/4-3-ruling-effectively-halts-death-penalty-in-new-york.html Newspaper article, 4-3 Ruling Effectively Halts Death Penalty in New York], by William Glaberson, New York Times, June 25, 2004
7. ^Did You Know? Page {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100302121310/http://www.nyadp.org/content/nys-death-penalty-did-you-know |date=2010-03-02 }}, New Yorkers for Alternatives to the Death Penalty web site, accessed March 30, 2012
8. ^Magazine article, No Death Penalty for New York, Mark Hatch-Miller, March 7, 2005
9. ^Bruno Opposes Bill to Legalize Gay Marriage {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120311185436/http://www.gaypasg.org/gaypasg/PressClippings/2007/May/Bruno%20Opposes%20Bill%20to%20Legalize%20Gay%20Marriage.htm |date=2012-03-11 }}, by Nicholas Confessore, New York Times, May 2, 2007
10. ^Blog post, Assembly Passes Gay Marriage Bill {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090605031046/http://gothamist.com/2007/06/20/assembly_passes.php |date=2009-06-05 }}, by Jen Chung, The Gothamist, June 20, 2007
11. ^Newspaper article, GOP senator from Saratoga becomes 31st vote for same-sex marriage bill; GOP Sen. Roy McDonald becomes 31st vote for same-sex marriage bill, Albany Times-Union, by Jimmy Vielkind, June 15, 2011
12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.jewishpress.com/pageroute.do/14405 |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2009-09-20 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110810111329/http://www.jewishpress.com/pageroute.do/14405 |archivedate=2011-08-10 |df= }}
13. ^{{cite web|url=http://headlines.agapepress.org/archive/1/afa/32003c.asp |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2009-09-20 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061107221954/http://headlines.agapepress.org/archive/1/afa/32003c.asp |archivedate=2006-11-07 |df= }}
14. ^Bruno: 'Get the Troops Out of There', The New York Sun, February 3, 2006. Retrieved on 2008-03-17.
15. ^[https://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/09/nyregion/09bruno.html Newspaper article, In Bruno’s Upstate Corner, Name Stays Untarnished], by Jeremy W. Peters, New York Times, December 8, 2009
16. ^1 {{cite news|url=http://timesunion.com/AspStories/storyprint.asp?StoryID=560993|title=Spitzer's Senate choice wins |author=Elizabeth Benjamin|date=February 7, 2007 |work=Times Union|accessdate=2008-03-18 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080323122929/http://timesunion.com/AspStories/storyprint.asp?StoryID=560993 |archivedate = 2008-03-23}}
17. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/22/nyregion/22bruno.html|title=More Records Subpoenaed in Bruno Case|author=Danny Hakim and Mike McIntire|date=December 22, 2006|work=The New York Times|quote=On the political front, Senator John Bonacic... became the first Republican to call openly for Mr. Bruno to step down as majority leader, a rare act of defiance among Senate Republicans.|accessdate=2008-03-17}}
18. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/02/nyregion/02bruno.html|title=Bruno Opposes Bill to Legalize Gay Marriage|author=Nicholas Confessore|work=The New York Times|date=May 2, 2007 |accessdate=2008-03-18}}
19. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.nypost.com/seven/04252007/news/regionalnews/bruno_vs__ri_hie_pitz_regionalnews_kenneth_lovett__post_correspondent.htm|title=Bruno vs. Ri¢hie $ptiz|author=Kenneth Lovett|work=New York Post|date=April 25, 2007|accessdate=2008-03-18|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080315104120/http://www.nypost.com/seven/04252007/news/regionalnews/bruno_vs__ri_hie_pitz_regionalnews_kenneth_lovett__post_correspondent.htm|archivedate=March 15, 2008|df=}}
20. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.observer.com/2007/spitzer-albany-and-death-penalty |title=On Death Penalty, Bruno and Spitzer Versus Assembly |author=Azi Paybarah |work=The New York Observer |date=April 25, 2007 |accessdate=2008-03-18 }}
21. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.nypost.com/seven/09262007/news/regionalnews/bruno_warns_of_illegal_vote_dr.htm|title=Bruno Warns of Illegal Vote Drive|author=Kenneth Lovett|work=New York Post|date=September 26, 2007|accessdate=2008-03-18}}
22. ^{{cite news|url=http://timesunion.com/AspStories/storyprint.asp?StoryID=667122|title=Senate loss slams state GOP|author=Irene Jay Liu|date=February 27, 2008|work=Times Union|accessdate=2008-03-18 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080323122947/http://timesunion.com/AspStories/storyprint.asp?StoryID=667122 |archivedate = 2008-03-23}}
23. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite news|author=Danny Hakim|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/23/nyregion/23cnd-spitzer.html|title=Spitzer's Staff Misused Police, Report Finds|work=The New York Times|date=July 23, 2007|accessdate=2008-03-17}}
24. ^1 {{cite news|url=http://www.theithacajournal.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20070723/NEWS01/70723006/1002 |work=The Ithaca Journal |title=Cuomo: Spitzer aides used state police to try to damage Bruno |author=Cara Matthews |date=July 23, 2007 |archivedate=2008-03-17 |archiveurl=http://m.lohud.com/detail.jsp?key=62289&full=1 }}{{dead link|date=April 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
25. ^1 2 {{cite news|url=http://www.troyrecord.com/site/news.cfm?newsid=18619713&BRD=1170&PAG=461&dept_id=7021&rfi=6|work=Troy Record|title=Spitzer aides blamed for leak|author=Michael Gormley|date=July 24, 2007|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020064328/http://www.troyrecord.com/site/news.cfm?newsid=18619713&BRD=1170&PAG=461&dept_id=7021&rfi=6|archivedate=October 20, 2007|df=}} Not available, 2008-03-17.
26. ^1 {{cite news|url=http://www.oneidadispatch.com/site/news.cfm?newsid=18620173&BRD=1709&PAG=461&dept_id=68844&rfi=6 |work=Oneida Dispatch |title=Spitzer aides linked to Bruno leaks |author=Michael Gormley |date=July 24, 2007 |accessdate=2008-03-17 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080229091533/http://www.oneidadispatch.com/site/news.cfm?newsid=18620173&BRD=1709&PAG=461&dept_id=68844&rfi=6 |archivedate=February 29, 2008 |df= }}
27. ^http://www.newsday.com/news/local/wire/newyork/ny-bc-ny--brunoflights-exce0723jul23,0,3604652.story
28. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.buffalonews.com/home/story/125390.html|work=The Buffalo News|title=Cuomo criticizes Spitzer for using State Police to monitor Bruno|author=Tom Precious|date=July 23, 2007}} Not available, 2008-03-17.
29. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/worldlatest/story/0,-6800103,00.html|work=Guardian Unlimited|title=Report: NY Governor's Office Leaked Data|author=Michael Gormley|date=July 23, 2007 | location=London}} Not available, 2008-03-17.
30. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.timesunion.com/aspstories/storyprint.asp?StoryID=608526|work=Times Union|title=Exhaustive effort to 'get Joe' boomerangs on Spitzer's aides|author=Fred Lebrun|date=July 24, 2007|accessdate=2008-03-17 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080323123005/http://www.timesunion.com/aspstories/storyprint.asp?StoryID=608526 |archivedate = 2008-03-23}}
31. ^{{cite news|url=http://timesunion.com/AspStories/story.asp?storyID=608513&category=FRONTPG&BCCode=HOME&newsdate=7/24/2007 |work=Times Union |title=Spitzer aides on the outs |author=James M. Odato |date=July 24, 2007 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080514042834/http://timesunion.com/AspStories/story.asp?storyID=608513&category=FRONTPG&BCCode=HOME&newsdate=7%2F24%2F2007 |archivedate=May 14, 2008 |df= }} Not available, 2008-03-17.
32. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.newsday.com/news/local/newyork/am-spitzer0724,0,243893.story|title=Spitzer punishes aides after AG report|work=Newsday|author=Melissa Mansfield|date=July 23, 2007}} Not available, 2008-03-17.
33. ^1 {{cite news|url=http://www.nysun.com/article/58958|work=The New York Sun|title=Spitzer Faces Probe in Senate|author=Jacob Gershman|date=July 24, 2007|accessdate=2008-03-17}}
34. ^1 {{cite news|url=http://blog.silive.com/advanceupdate/2007/07/report_governors_office_compil.html|work=Staten Island Advance|title=Report: Governor's office compiled, leaked data on Bruno|author=Sally Goldenberg|date=July 23, 2007|accessdate=2008-03-17}}
35. ^The March 29, 2008 Buffalo News article
36. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.newsday.com/news/local/wire/newyork/ny-bc-ny--brunofuture0623jun23,0,1960648.story|title=NY Senate leader Joseph Bruno won't run again|work=Newsday|publisher=Associated Press|first=Michael|last=Gormley|date=2008-06-23}}
37. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.newsday.com/news/local/wire/newyork/ny-bc-ny-xgr--skelosprofile0624jun24,0,5762765.story|title=New majority leader a skilled, savvy politician|work=Newsday|publisher=Associated Press|first=Frank|last=Eltman|date=2008-06-24}}
38. ^N.Y. Senate Leader Bruno To Resign Seat
39. ^Kenneth C. Crowe II, "McDonald tops Russo in 43rd Senate race: Incumbents Farley, Seward, Breslin also lead in their Senate races", Times Union, found at TimesUnion website. Retrieved November 6, 2008.
40. ^Blog post, Joe Bruno backs Cuomo, same-sex marriage, by Jimmy Vielkind, Albany Times-Union, May 26, 2011
41. ^http://nymag.com/daily/intel/2009/06/can_joe_bruno_rescue_gay_marri.html Can Joe Bruno Rescue Gay Marriage?
42. ^http://www.nydailynews.com/ny_local/2009/06/14/2009-06-14_samesex_surprise_joe_bruno_former_ny_senate_leader_now_supports_gay_marriage.html Same-sex surprise: Joe Bruno, former NY Senate leader, now supports gay marriage
43. ^{{cite news|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=990CE7DD1039F93BA35757C0A963958260&n|title=Governor Criticizes A Chief Ally|author=James Dao|date=April 8, 1995|work=The New York Times|accessdate=2008-03-18}}
44. ^{{cite news |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=990CE3DA103EF933A25757C0A963958260&pagewanted=all|title=Budget Battle Heats Up in Albany as Legislative Leaders Trade Harsh Words|author=Kevin Sack |date=April 10, 1995|work=The New York Times|accessdate=2008-03-18}}
45. ^SyracusePostStandard-Bruno-Assailed
46. ^AlbanyTimesUnion-Sharpton-to-Bruno
47. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.city-journal.org/html/11_2_new_yorks_rep.html |date=Spring 2001 |title=New York's Republican Crack-Up |author=Steven Malanga |work=City Journal |publisher=Manhattan Institute |accessdate=2008-03-18 }}
48. ^{{cite news|url=http://blogs.timesunion.com/capitol/?p=2834|title=Mystery Candidate Revealed|date=November 22, 2006|author=Elizabeth Benjamin|publisher=Times Union|work=Capitol Confidential|accessdate=2008-03-18|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071007083912/http://blogs.timesunion.com/capitol/?p=2834|archivedate=October 7, 2007|df=}}
49. ^{{cite news|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9501E7DF123AF934A25754C0A9629C8B63|title=Conservative Party Refuses To Endorse Senate Leader|author=Jonathan P. Hicks|date=July 17, 2004|accessdate=2008-03-18 | work=The New York Times}}
50. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/20/nyregion/20bruno.html|title=Bruno Is Subject of Inquiry by F.B.I.|author=Michael Cooper and Danny Hakim|date=December 20, 2006|work=The New York Times|accessdate=2008-03-18}}
51. ^{{cite news|url=http://timesunion.com/AspStories/storyprint.asp?StoryID=649518|title=Bruno cuts ties to firm|author=James M. Odato|date=December 22, 2007|work=Times Union|accessdate=2008-03-18 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080316010124/http://timesunion.com/AspStories/storyprint.asp?StoryID=649518 |archivedate = 2008-03-16}}
52. ^Britt Godshalk, YNN, Bruno Facing Corruption Charges {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120222055719/http://capitalregion.ynn.com/content/politics/132266/bruno-facing-corruption-charges/ |date=2012-02-22 }}, January 24, 2009
53. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.saratogian.com/articles/2009/01/24/news/doc497a932a63802177832145.txt|title=Feds indict Bruno on corruption matter|author=Tom Caprood|date=January 24, 2009|work=The Saratogian|accessdate=2009-01-27}}
54. ^{{cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/08/nyregion/08bruno.html | work=The New York Times | title=Bruno, Former State Leader, Guilty of Corruption | first1=Nicholas | last1=Confessore | first2=Danny | last2=Hakim | date=December 8, 2009 | accessdate=May 7, 2010}}
55. ^Newspaper article, 2 Years for Bruno, by Brendan J. Lyons, Albany Times-Union, May 7, 2010
56. ^Newspaper article, Former Senate Majority Leader Joseph Bruno convicted on 2 of 8 felony federal corruption counts, by Glenn Blain and Kenneth Lovett, New York Daily News, December 7, 2009
57. ^[https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-11-16/former-new-york-senate-leader-bruno-s-conviction-is-thrown-out-on-appeal.html Newspaper article, Ex-New York Senate Leader Joseph Bruno’s Conviction Thrown Out on Appeal], by Bob Van Voris, Bloomberg News, November 16, 2012
58. ^Newspaper article, NY federal appeals court vacates Joseph Bruno conviction; former senate majority leader may face another trial, by Andrew Beam, The Saratogian, November 17, 2011
59. ^Bruce Golding, New York Post, Battlin’ Bruno ‘fed’ up {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130608074002/http://www.nypost.com/p/news/local/battlin_bruno_fed_up_KZe2GhoGlQKRAxrL6tyH9I |date=2013-06-08 }}, May 9, 2013
60. ^Glenn Blain, New York Daily News, U.S. Appeals Court Allows Corruption Case Against Joe Bruno To Continue, August 6, 2013
61. ^Lovett, Ken (May 16, 2014). State Sen. Joseph Bruno walks in corruption trial. New York Daily News. Retrieved June 2, 2014.
62. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.nydailynews.com/news/politics/joe-bruno-wife-barbara-died-article-1.342003|title= Joe Bruno's wife Barbara has died|last= Mahoney|first= Joe|date= January 7, 2008|website= www.nydailynews.com||access-date= December 6, 2017}}
63. ^{{cite web |url= http://poststar.com/joseph-bruno-kay-stafford/image_a892fa92-dd42-11e3-9857-0019bb2963f4.html|title= Joseph Bruno, Kay Stafford|last= Groll|first= Mike|date= May 16, 2014|website= www.poststar.com||access-date= December 6, 2017}}
64. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.dailyfreeman.com/general-news/20140521/ex-ny-senate-leader-joe-bruno-newly-acquitted-glad-to-be-free-of-legal-stress|title= JEx-NY Senate leader Joe Bruno, newly acquitted, glad to be free of legal stress|last= Hughes|first= Kyle|date= May 21, 2014|website= www.dailyfreeman.com||access-date= December 6, 2017}}
65. ^{{cite web |url= https://www.politico.com/states/new-york/albany/story/2014/05/after-all-that-joe-bruno-and-this-system-are-off-the-hook-013016|title= After all that, Joe Bruno, and 'this system,' are off the hook|last= Vielkind|first= Jimmy|date= May 16, 2014|website= www.politico.com||access-date= December 6, 2017}}
66. ^http://cma.com/about/leadership-team/kay-stafford/
67. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.timesunion.com/local/article/Bruno-kin-accused-in-no-show-4698216.php|title= Bruno kin accused in no-show|last= Odato|first= James|date= July 31, 2013|website= www.timesunion.com||access-date= December 6, 2017}}
68. ^Newspaper article, NY Senate leader Joseph Bruno won't run again, by Michael Gormley, Saratoga Press-Republican, June 24, 2008
69. ^Glenn Blain, New York Daily News, Joe Bruno, Ex-State Senate Majority Leader, has Cancerous Tumor Removed from Kidney Before Corruption Trial, September 27, 2013
70. ^{{cite news |last=Associated Press |date=October 9, 2015 |title=Ex-Sen. Bruno Giving Leftover $1.4M to NY Senate GOP |url=http://www.wcax.com/story/30227385/ex-sen-bruno-giving-leftover-14m-to-ny-senate-gop |newspaper=WCAX-TV |location=Burlington, VT |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151013051657/http://www.wcax.com/story/30227385/ex-sen-bruno-giving-leftover-14m-to-ny-senate-gop |archivedate=October 13, 2015 |df= }}
71. ^https://www.amazon.com/Keep-Swinging-Memoir-Politics-Justice/dp/168261302X

External links

{{Commons category}}{{S-start}}{{s-par|us-ny-sen}}{{Succession box | title = New York State Senate
41st District | before = Douglas Hudson | years = 1977–1982 | after = Jay P. Rolison, Jr.}}{{Succession box| title = New York State Senate
43rd District | before = Ronald B. Stafford | years = 1983–2008 | after = Roy McDonald}}{{S-off}}{{Succession box| title = Temporary President of the State Senate | before = Ralph J. Marino | years = 1994–2008 | after = Dean Skelos}}{{Succession box| title = Lieutenant Governor of New York
Acting | before = David Paterson | years = 2008 | after = Dean Skelos
Acting}}{{S-end}}{{MajorityLeaderNYSSenate}}{{Governors of New York|expanded=Lt. Governors}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Bruno, Joseph}}

10 : 1929 births|Living people|Junior Chamber International|Lieutenant Governors of New York (state)|Majority Leaders of the New York State Senate|New York (state) Republicans|New York state senators|Politicians from Glens Falls, New York|Skidmore College alumni|People from Brunswick, New York
随便看

　

开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。

　

Copyright © 2023 OENC.NET All Rights Reserved
京ICP备2021023879号 更新时间：2024/9/22 14:39:19