| 词条 | Joseph Fielding Smith (presiding patriarch) |
| 释义 |
| name = Joseph Fielding Smith | image = Joseph Fielding Smith (presiding patriarch).jpg | image_size = 150px | alt = Photograph of Joseph Fielding Smith | birth_date = {{Birth date|1899|01|30}} | birth_place = Salt Lake City, Utah, United States | death_date = {{death date and age|1964|08|29|1899|01|30}} | death_place = Salt Lake City, Utah, United States | position_or_quorum1 = Patriarch to the Church | called_by1 = Heber J. Grant | start_date1 = {{death date and age|1942|09|17|1899|01|30}} | end_date1 = {{death date and age|1946|10|06|1899|01|30}} | end_reason1 = Released for reasons of "ill health" amid accusations of homosexual affairs | portals = LDS}} Joseph Fielding Smith (January 30, 1899 – August 29, 1964) was Presiding Patriarch and a general authority of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) from 1942 until 1946. Smith was born in Salt Lake City, Utah, the son of LDS Church apostle Hyrum M. Smith and Ida Elizabeth Bowman. He went to school at the University of Utah, where he majored in Theater. In 1929, he married Ruth Pingree.[1] Together they had seven children, Ruth, Ida, R.P. "Joe", Denis, Lynne, Hyrum, and Pauline.[2] Patriarch to the ChurchAt the time of his calling to the patriarchate, Smith was a member of the church's Mutual Improvement Association General Board, head of the Speech Department at the University of Utah (though he did not hold a Ph.D.), and was also president of the National Speech Association.[3] His calling as patriarch filled a vacancy that had lasted just over ten years, and his selection for the office has been seen by some as a departure from the expected line of patriarchal succession from father to his eldest son in good standing with the church.[3] Some sources suggest this move came during a time when some members of the church's First Presidency and Quorum of the Twelve Apostles were attempting to move away from the rule of primogeniture in selecting the presiding patriarch, giving church leaders the ability to pass over unsuitable candidates who would otherwise inherit the office somewhat automatically.[3] Smith's official title was "Patriarch to the Church," in place of the previous style of "Patriarch over the Church" or "Presiding Patriarch," a change which was also accompanied by a reduction in the scope of the duties of the office; Smith was not permitted to ordain or formally supervise local stake patriarchs.[3] Homosexual affairsAt the age of 43, Smith was ordained a high priest and Patriarch to the Church on October 8, 1942, by church president Heber J. Grant. He served only four years before it was reported by the church that he had requested to be released from his position. His request was granted by church president George Albert Smith on October 6, 1946, with the church announcing that Smith was released for reasons of "ill health."[3] In 1946 it had been discovered that the patriarch was involved in several homosexual affairs, including two in the 1920s while employed at the University of Utah (with student Norval Service[4] and a drama department colleague named Wallace A. G.),[5] and one while serving as presiding patriarch in the 1940s (with 21-year-old U.S. Navy sailor[6] Byram Dow Browning[7] who was also a Latter-day Saint).[8][9][10] Church president George Albert Smith described the scandal as "a pitiable case" and "a sad happening" in his diary, describing himself as "heartsick" and as having a "restless night" in conjunction with the events and the necessity of releasing the patriarch.[10] After releaseAfter being released, Smith took his family to Honolulu, Hawaii,[11] where he continued to raise his family and resumed his academic career as a teacher of English and drama.[10] For a time, Smith was not allowed to speak or hold any position in church,[12] but no formal church disciplinary action was taken, and Smith was reportedly "treated with compassion."[13][10] Approximately a decade after his release as patriarch, Smith's stake president and bishop wrote to church president David O. McKay asking for restrictions on Smith to be lifted.[10] In 1957, after it was established he had forsaken his homosexual behavior, confessed to his wife, and sent a written confession to the First Presidency, Smith was again allowed to serve in the church.[14][10] Shortly thereafter, Smith's wife Ruth wrote a letter to church president David O. McKay expressing her gratitude for the church's help, stating, "I know, better than anyone else, the trial our family has been to you and to the authorities."[14] From 1957 until his death, Smith served as a member of his stake's high council.[10] Smith died and was buried in Salt Lake City, Utah. Smith's grandson Jefferson Smith served in the Oregon House of Representatives from 2008 to 2012. Smith shares a name with his grandfather, Joseph F. Smith, and his uncle, Joseph Fielding Smith, both of whom served as apostles and later as church presidents. See also
Notes1. ^Family: Joseph Fielding Smith/Ruth Pingree. OurFamilyHistories.org 2. ^[https://archive.is/20120723135650/http://www.codyenterprise.com/articles/2007/05/10/obituaries/april_2004/obit959-1084.txt Lynne Esther Smith Partridge],{{Dead link|date=February 2011}} Cody Enterprise (Cody, Wyoming) 3. ^"Patriarch to the Church: Released from Duties", Improvement Era 49 (November 1946) pp. 685, 708. 4. ^{{cite web|last1=Salinas|first1=Hugo|title=Queer Mormons of the 19th Century|url=http://affirmation.org/resources/books-films-plays-television/books-articles/queer-mormons-of-the-19th-century/|website=affirmation.org|publisher=Affirmation|accessdate=23 February 2017}} 5. ^{{cite web|last1=O'Donovan|first1=Connell|last2=Quinn|first2=D. Michael|title=Chronology of Events on Patriarch Joseph Fielding Smith’s Homosexuality|url=http://www.affirmation.org/memorial/joseph_fielding_smith.shtml|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100122080551/http://www.affirmation.org/memorial/joseph_fielding_smith.shtml|archivedate=22 January 2010|website=affirmation.org|publisher=Affirmation|accessdate=23 February 2017}} 6. ^{{cite web|title=Book on LDS Patriarchal Blessings Published|url=http://signaturebooks.com/book-on-lds-patriarchal-blessings-published/|website=signaturebooks.com|publisher=Signature Books Publishing|accessdate=23 February 2017|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170223213132/http://signaturebooks.com/book-on-lds-patriarchal-blessings-published/|archivedate=23 February 2017|df=}} 7. ^{{cite web|last1=Gibson|first1=Doug|title=Remember that Gay Mormon Patriarch?|url=http://www.realclearreligion.org/2012/04/18/remember_that_gay_mormon_patriarch_247346.html|website=realclearreligion.org|publisher=Real Clear Religion|accessdate=23 February 2017}} 8. ^{{cite book |last= Quinn |first= D. Michael |authorlink= D. Michael Quinn |title= Same-Sex Dynamics among Nineteenth-Century Americans: A Mormon Example |location= Urbana |publisher= University of Illinois Press |year= 2001 |isbn= 978-0-252-06958-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UXVj398JvnsC&pg=PA388&lpg=PA388&dq=homosexual+joseph+fielding+smith+patriarch&source=bl&ots=WNDRHK7KCG&sig=RDXi1FM4Z3thoBiFox3TG6xsVsA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiMtrmC3KXSAhVkHGMKHYy3BRg4ChDoAQgwMAQ#v=onepage&q=homosexual%20joseph%20fielding%20smith%20patriarch&f=false|pages= 369–371}} 9. ^{{cite book|last1=Whitefield|first1=Jim|title=The Mormon Delusion: The Secret Truth Withheld from 13 Million Mormons|date=21 May 2009|publisher=Lulu|isbn=1409278859|pages=261–262|edition=1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RVTDAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA262&lpg=PA262&dq=gay+mormon+patriarch&source=bl&ots=q4d5QRugb6&sig=KqSU4RZJ2fcghW7NPbW9GvkDi8I&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwia0qnh26XSAhVDz2MKHVJ4D8o4ChDoAQgpMAI#v=onepage&q=gay%20mormon%20patriarch&f=false|accessdate=23 February 2017}} 10. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 {{cite book|last1=Bates|first1=Irene M.|last2=Smith | first2=E. Gary|title=Lost legacy: The Mormon office of presiding patriarch|date=1996|publisher=University of Illinois Press|location=Champaign, IL|isbn=0252021630|edition=1}} 11. ^{{cite news|last1=Lore|first1=Lambda|title=The birth of Mormon homophobia|url=http://gaysaltlake.com/news/2011/09/01/lambda-lore-the-birth-of-mormon-homophobia/|accessdate=23 February 2017|agency=Q Salt Lake Magazine|date=1 Sep 2011}} 12. ^{{cite book|last1=Anderson|first1=J. Seth|title=LGBT Salt Lake: Images of Modern America|date=29 May 2017|publisher=Arcadia Publishing|isbn=9781467125857|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rlC1DgAAQBAJ&lpg=PT16&pg=PT25#v=onepage&q&f=false|page=16}} 13. ^{{Citation |last1= James |first1= Rhett S. |authorlink1= Rhett S. James |last2= Mitton |first2= George L. |year= 1998 |title= A Response to D. Michael Quinn's Homosexual Distortion of Latter-day Saint History |url= http://maxwellinstitute.byu.edu/publications/review/?vol=10&num=1&id=280 |periodical= FARMS Review of Books |volume= 10 |issue= 1 |pages= 141–263 }} 14. ^1 {{cite web |url= http://www.connellodonovan.com/smith.html |title= Chronology of Events on Patriarch Joseph Fielding Smith’s Homosexuality |publisher= connellodonovan.com |first= Connell |last= O'Donovan }} References
title = Presiding Patriarch| years = September 17, 1942–October 6, 1946| before = George F. Richards| after = Eldred G. Smith| }}{{S-end}}{{LDSpresidingpatriarch}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Smith, Joseph Fielding}} 12 : 1899 births|1964 deaths|American general authorities (LDS Church)|Homosexuality and Mormonism|Mormonism-related controversies|Clergy from Salt Lake City|Presiding Patriarchs (LDS Church)|Religious scandals|Smith family (Latter Day Saints)|University of Utah alumni|Latter Day Saints from Utah|Latter Day Saints from Hawaii |
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