| 词条 | Corduroy road |
| 释义 |
A corduroy road or log road is a type of road or timber trackway made by placing logs, perpendicular to the direction of the road over a low or swampy area. The result is an improvement over impassable mud or dirt roads, yet rough in the best of conditions and a hazard to horses due to shifting loose logs. Corduroy roads can also be built as a foundation for other surfacing. If the logs are buried in wet, acidic, anaerobic soils such as peat or muskeg, they decay very slowly. A few corduroy road foundations that date back to the early 20th century still exist in North America. One example is the Alaska Highway between Burwash Landing and Koidern, Yukon, Canada, which was rebuilt in 1943, less than a year after the original route was graded on thin soil and vegetation over permafrost, by using corduroy, then building gravel road on top. During the 1980s, the gravel was covered with a chip-seal. The late 1990s saw replacement of this road with modern road construction, including rerouting of the entire highway. In World War II they were used by both German and Soviet forces on the Eastern Front.[1] In a slang application, corduroy road can also apply to a road in ill repair, having many potholes, ruts, or surface swellings. This should not be confused with a washboard road. Historical uses{{main|Ancient trackway|date=November 2018}}Corduroy roads were used extensively in the American Civil War, between Shiloh and Corinth after the battle of Shiloh.[2] and in Sherman's march through the Carolinas[3] In the Pacific Northwest roads built of spaced logs similar to widely spaced "army track"[4] were the mainstay of local logging practices and were called skid roads. Two of these, respectively on the outskirts of the milltowns of Seattle and Vancouver, which had become concentrations of bars and logger's slums, were the origin of the more widespread meaning of "skid road" and its derivative skid row, referring to a poor area. Plank roadsThe puncheon or plank road uses hewn boards instead of logs, resulting in a smoother and safer surface. The Wittmoor bog trackway is the name given to each of two historic plank roads or boardwalks, trackway No. I being discovered in 1898 and trackway No. II in 1904[5] in the Wittmoor bog in northern Hamburg, Germany. The trackways date to the 4th and 7th century AD, both linked the eastern and western shores of the formerly inaccessible, swampy bog. A part of the older trackway No. II dating to the period of the Roman Empire is on display at the permanent exhibition of the Archaeological Museum Hamburg in Harburg, Hamburg.[6][7] This type of plank road is known to have been used as early as 4,000 BC with, for example, the Post Track found in the Somerset levels near Glastonbury, England.[8] This type of road was also was constructed in Roman times.{{citation needed|date=November 2018}} See also the Old Plank Road and the Plank Road Boom OriginThe name "corduroy road" refers to the road's ridged appearance similar to corduroy fabric.{{citation needed|date=November 2018}} See also
References1. ^Military Improvisations During the Russian Campaign, Chap 5, Center of Military History, US Army 2. ^Grant, Ulysses, Personal Memoirs of U.S. Grant, Chapter 26 (1885) 3. ^Grant, Ulysses, Personal Memoirs of U. S. Grant, (c) 1885: Chapter 62 4. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=FKUXAAAAYAAJ&pg=SA10-PA29 army track] 5. ^The numbering of the trackways No. I for the younger northern one and No. II for the older southern one follows the local archive file of Archaeological Museum of Hamburg corresponding to early publications, in contrast to that Schindler uses a different numbering in his publication. 6. ^Topic Mobility, Show case no. 80. 7. ^{{cite book | last1 =Articus | first1 =Rüdiger | last2 =Brandt | first2 =Jochen | last3 =Först | first3 =Elke | last4 =Krause | first4 =Yvonne | last5 =Merkel | first5 =Michael | last6 =Mertens | first6 =Kathrin | last7 =Weiss | first7 =Rainer-Maria | title =Archaeological Museum Hamburg Helms-Museum: A short guide to the Tour of the Times | series = Archaeological Museum Hamburg publication - Helms-Museum | volume =103 | edition = | date =2013 | location = Hamburg | pages =108 | isbn =978-3-931429-24-9 }} 8. ^{{cite book | last = Lay | first = Maxwell G | authorlink = | title = Ways of the World: A History of the World's Roads and of the Vehicles that Used Them | publisher = Rutgers University Press | year = 1992 | location = | url = https://books.google.com/?id=flvS-nJga8QC&pg=PR3&lpg=PR3&dq=%22Ways+of+the+world%22+Rutgers+University+Press,+New+Brunswick#PPA6,M1 | doi = | isbn = 978-0-8135-2691-1| page = 43 }} External links{{Commons category|Corduroy roads}}{{Internet Archive short film|id=gov.dod.dimoc.29327|name=Military Roads (1943)}}{{Road types}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Corduroy Road}} 2 : Types of roads|Plank road |
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