| 词条 | Josias Rowley |
| 释义 |
|name=Sir Josias Rowley, Bt |image=JosiasRowley.jpg |caption=Admiral Sir Josias Rowley |birth_date= 1765 |death_date=10 January 1842 |birth_place= |death_place= |nickname= |allegiance={{flagicon|United Kingdom}} United Kingdom |branch= Royal Navy |serviceyears= |rank=Admiral |unit= |commands={{HMS|Lark|1794|6}} HMS Braave HMS Impérieuse HMS Raisonnable HMS Boadicea HMS America Cape of Good Hope Station Cork Station Mediterranean Fleet |battles=Napoleonic Wars |awards=Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George |relations= |laterwork= }} Admiral Sir Josias Rowley, 1st Baronet, {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=,|GCB|GCMG}} (1765 – 10 January 1842), known as "The Sweeper of the Seas", was an Anglo-Irish naval officer who commanded the campaign that captured the French Indian Ocean islands of Réunion and Mauritius in 1810. Birth and familyRowley was born in 1765 the second son of Clotworthy Rowley and Letitia (née Campbell), of Mountcampbell, Drumsna, County Leitrim, in the West of Ireland. His father was Barrister and MP for Downpatrick in the Irish Parliament. His paternal grandfather was Admiral of the Fleet Sir William Rowley, KCB.[1] Naval careerHe joined the Royal Navy in 1778, age 13, in HMS Suffolk in the West Indies.[2] Promoted to post captain in 1795, age 30, he commanded HMS Braave (40 guns) at the Cape of Good Hope and then HMS Impérieuse (38 guns) in the East Indies.[2] He also commanded HMS Raisonnable (64 guns) and took part in the Battle of Cape Finisterre in 1805.[2] In 1798 he became the Member of the Irish House of Commons for Downpatrick.[2] In 1808 he became commander-in-chief, Cape of Good Hope Station.[3] In 1809, as commodore of a small squadron off Mauritius, working with the commander of the East India Company troops at Rodrigues, he successfully raided the island of Réunion.[2] {{main|Raid on Saint-Paul}}In March 1810 he moved into HMS Boadicea (38 guns) and transported a larger landing party which arrived on Réunion and captured the island.[2] Meanwhile, a force led by Captain Samuel Pym RN was being out-flanked by French frigates attacking Grand Port, Mauritius.[2] HMS Africaine was captured by the French frigates Iphigénie and Astrée in the engagement.[2] Rowley then re-captured Africaine the same day.[2] Vice-Admiral Albemarle Bertie arrived on 29 November and took the surrender of Mauritius on 3 December 1810.[2] Rowley was then given command of HMS America (74 guns) in the Mediterranean. He was created a baronet in December 1813, promoted rear-admiral in 1814 and appointed KCB in 1815.[2] In the summer of 1815, age 50, with his flagship Impregnable (98 guns), under Lord Exmouth he sailed once more to the Mediterranean.[2] In 1818 he was appointed commander-in-chief on the Cork Station. In 1821 he became MP for Kinsale, County Cork.[2] Promoted to vice-admiral in 1825, he was made commander-in-chief, Mediterranean Fleet in 1833.[2] Death at homeHe died on 10 January 1842, about age 76, in the Mount Campbell family estate at Drumsna in County Leitrim. He was buried and commemorated at the nearby Annaduff Parish Church. He was unmarried, without heir to his titles. He was survived by his younger brothers Vice Admiral Samuel Rowley (also commemorated within Annaduff Parish Church) and The Reverend John Rowley, incumbent rector at Virginia in County Cavan. In literatureThe 1809-1810 campaign was used by author Patrick O'Brian as the setting for the fourth in the series of Aubrey–Maturin series books, The Mauritius Command. The fictional Captain Jack Aubrey takes the place of Rowley in the novel. See also
References1. ^Burkes Peerages 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 {{cite web |url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/24225 |title= Rowley, Sir Josias, baronet (1765–1842), naval officer |author1=Laughton, J. K. |author2=Lambert, Andrew |year=2004 |publisher=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography |accessdate=2 September 2015 |subscription=yes}} 3. ^{{cite web|last1=Hiscocks|first1=Richard|title=Cape Commander-in-Chief 1795-1852|url=http://morethannelson.com/commander-chief-cape/|website=morethannelson.com|publisher=morethannelson.com|accessdate=19 November 2016}} Bibliography
External links
Clotworthy Rowley }}{{S-ttl| title = Member of Parliament for Downpatrick | with = Clotworthy Rowley | years = 1798 – 1801 }}{{S-aft| after = Parliament of the United Kingdom }}{{S-par|uk}}{{Succession box| title = Member of Parliament for Kinsale | years = 1821 – 1826 | before = George Coussmaker | after = John Russell}} |-{{s-mil}}{{s-bef | before=Charles Stirling}}{{s-ttl | title=Commander-in-Chief, Cape of Good Hope Station | years=1808}}{{s-aft | after=Sir Albemarle Bertie}} |-{{s-bef|before=Benjamin Hallowell}}{{s-ttl|title=Commander-in-Chief, Cork Station|years=1818–1821}}{{s-aft|after=Lord Colville}} |-{{Succession box|title=Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean Fleet|before=Sir Pulteney Malcolm|after=Sir Robert Stopford|years=1833–1837}} |-{{S-hon}}{{Succession box| before=George St Vincent Wilson | title=High Sheriff of Suffolk | years=1841 | after=Edward Bridgman}}{{S-reg|uk-bt}}{{S-new|creation}}{{S-ttl| title = Baronet (of the Navy) | years = 1813 – 1842 }}{{S-non| reason = Extinct}}{{S-end}}{{Use British English|date=March 2012}}{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2012}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Rowley, Josias}} 20 : 1765 births|1842 deaths|People from County Armagh|People from County Leitrim|Irish sailors in the Royal Navy|18th-century Irish people|19th-century Irish people|Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom|Royal Navy personnel of the French Revolutionary Wars|British naval commanders of the Napoleonic Wars|High Sheriffs of Suffolk|History of Mauritius|Irish MPs 1798–1800|Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George|Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath|Royal Navy admirals|UK MPs 1820–26|British Mauritius|Members of the Parliament of Ireland (pre-1801) for County Down constituencies|Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for County Cork constituencies (1801–1922) |
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