词条 | Joule effect |
释义 |
Joule effect and Joule's law are any of several different physical effects discovered or characterized by English physicist James Prescott Joule. These physical effects are not the same, but all are frequently or occasionally referred to in literature as the "Joule effect" or "Joule law" These physical effects include:
Joule's first lawBetween the years 1840 and 1843 Joule made a careful study of the heat produced by an electric current. From this study, he developed Joule's laws of heating, the first of which is commonly referred to as the Joule effect. Joule's first law expresses the relationship between heat generated in a conductor and current flow, resistance, and time.[1] MagnetostrictionThe magnetostriction effect describes a property of ferromagnetic materials which causes them to change their shape when subjected to a magnetic field. Joule first reported observing change in the length of ferromagnetic rods in 1842.[2] Joule expansionIn 1845, Joule studied the free expansion of a gas into a larger volume. This became known as Joule expansion.[3] The cooling of a gas by allowing it to expand freely is occasionally referred to as the Joule effect.[4] Gough–Joule effectIf an elastic band is first stretched and then subjected to heating, it will shrink rather than expand. This effect was first observed by John Gough in 1802, and was investigated further by Joule in the 1850s, when it then became known as the Gough–Joule effect.[5][6] Examples in Literature:
See also
References1. ^{{cite book | last = Crew | first = Henry | authorlink = | title = General physics: an elementary text-book FOR colleges, 2nd Edition | publisher = The Macmillan Company | year = 1910 | location = The University of Michigan | pages = 402–404 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=IE3PAAAAMAAJ&lpg=PA402&dq=%22joule%27s%20laws%22%201840&pg=PA402 | doi = | id = | isbn = }} 2. ^{{cite journal|title=On the Effects of Magnetism upon the Dimensions of Iron and Steel Bars|journal=The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science| publisher=Taylor & Francis|year=1847|first=J.P.|last=Joule|volume= 30, Third Series|issue=|pages=76–87, 225–241|id= |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VEgEAAAAYAAJ&lpg=PA76&dq=joule%20annals%20electricity%20219%201842&pg=PA76|format=|accessdate=2009-07-19 }} Joule observed in this paper that he first reported the measurements in a "Conversazione" in Manchester, England, in (Sturgeon's) Annals of Electricity, Magnetism, and Chemistry 8, 219-224 (1842) 3. ^{{cite book | last = Longair | first = M. S. | authorlink = | title = Theoretical concepts in physics: an alternative view of theoretical reasoning in physics, 2nd Ed. | publisher = Cambridge University Press | year = 2003 | location = | pages = 217 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=bA9Lp2GH6OEC&lpg=PA217&dq=%22joule%20expansion%22%201845&pg=PA217 | doi = | isbn = 978-0-521-52878-8}} 4. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.physics.usyd.edu.au/ugrad/sphys_2005/sphys_webct/3013_3913/T048.pdf |title=Thermodynamics of cooling |accessdate=2009-07-22 |year=2005 |publisher=The University of Sydney |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110611040118/http://www.physics.usyd.edu.au/ugrad/sphys_2005/sphys_webct/3013_3913/T048.pdf |archivedate=2011-06-11 |df= }} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.chem.yale.edu/~chem125/goodyear/Gough.html |title=John Gough and his Observation of Rubber Thermodynamics |accessdate=2009-07-19 |date=1998-10-06 |publisher=Yale University |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607134244/http://www.chem.yale.edu/~chem125/goodyear/Gough.html |archivedate=2011-06-07 |df= }} 6. ^{{cite book | last = Loadman | first = John | title = Tears of the Tree: The Story of Rubber -- A Modern Marvel | publisher = Oxford University Press | year = 2005 | location = | pages = 165 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=GE43QpP83RUC&lpg=PA165&dq=Gough-Joule%20effect&pg=PA165 | doi = | isbn = 978-0-19-856840-7}} 7. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mzWswaAaeEAC&lpg=PA95&dq=%22joule%20effect%22&lr=&pg=PA94 |title=Heat Runs |accessdate=2009-07-20 |last=Kouhoupt |first=Rudy |date=January 1972 |publisher=Popular Science }} 8. ^{{cite book | last = Nagdi | first = Khairi | title = Rubber as an Engineering Material | publisher = Hanser Verlag | year = 1992 | location = | pages = 33–34 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Eh9cv93gpLYC&lpg=PA33&dq=%22joule%20effect%22&pg=PA33 | doi = | isbn = 978-3-446-16282-2}} 1 : Thermodynamics |
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