| 词条 | Julije Makanec |
| 释义 |
Julije Makanec (19 September 1904 – 7 June 1945{{sfn|Karaula|Miškulin|2014|p=81}}) was an ethnic Croatian politician, teacher, philosopher and writer. During World War II, he was the Minister of Education of the Independent State of Croatia and a high-ranking member of the Ustaše.{{sfn|Macut|2013|p=147}} Makanec was born in Sarajevo.{{sfn|Karaula|Miškulin|2014|p=81}} He was educated in Osijek and Bihać, and studied philosophy at the University of Zagreb, where he obtained a Ph.D. in 1927.{{sfn|Karaula|Miškulin|2014|p=81}} Between 1929 and 1940 he served as a gymnasium professor in Koprivnica, Bjelovar and several other places in Croatia, as well as in Leskovac, Serbia.{{sfn|Karaula|Miškulin|2014|p=81}} In November 1940, as a member of the Croatian Peasant Party, he became the mayor of Bjelovar.{{sfn|Macut|2013|p=149}} Here he played an important role in the Bjelovar rebellion of 8 April that year when, after the revolt by Croats in the Royal Yugoslav Army during the early days of invasion of Yugoslavia, he declared the "resurrection of the Croatian state".{{sfn|Karaula|Miškulin|2014|p=81}}{{sfn|Macut|2013|p=148}}{{sfn|Yeomans|2013|p=92}} By his own account, Makanec swore the Ustaše oath in April 1941, days after the establishment of the Independent State of Croatia, but historians believe Makanec may have joined the Ustaše much earlier, in late 1939 or early 1940.{{sfn|Macut|2013|p=149}}{{sfn|Karaula|Miškulin|2014|p=82}} Shortly after the formation of the Ustaše government he served as adjutant in the Croatian army's Bilogora headquarters, in Bjelovar.{{sfn|Macut|2013|p=152}} From 1942 he was the chief of spiritual upbringing in the Ustaša Youth. In March 1943 he was named extraordinary professor of philosophy at the Faculty of Philosophy in Zagreb.{{sfn|Karaula|Miškulin|2014|p=81}} In October 1943 he became the Independent State of Croatia's Minister of National Education.{{sfn|Karaula|Miškulin|2014|p=81}} He also wrote books in his field as well as contributing to various periodicals and newspapers.{{cn|date=January 2016}} In a 1942 brochure titled Ustaše Virtues (Ustaške vrline), Makanec wrote: "[...] every community has the right to exterminate, destroy, or at least render harmless those individuals who weaken it and bring it to ruin due to their utter lack of virtue."{{sfn|Jakovina|2016}}{{sfn|Macut|2013|p=156}}{{sfn|Milekic|2016}} On 6 April 1945, shortly before Yugoslav Partisans entered Zagreb, Makanec fled the city in a group of sixteen government ministers. On 17 May, they surrendered to the British in Tamsweg, Austria, and were extradited to Yugoslav authorities. After a one-day trial before a military tribunal in Zagreb on 6 June he was sentenced to death for high treason and war crimes and executed by firing squad in the morning of the following day.{{sfn|Macut|2013|p=147}}{{sfn|Karaula|Miškulin|2014|p=80}} ReferencesSources
Further reading
17 : 1904 births|1945 deaths|People from Sarajevo|Croatian philosophers|Croatian nobility|Croatian writers|Croatian collaborators with Fascist Italy|Croatian collaborators with Nazi Germany|Croatian people of World War II|Mayors of places in Croatia|Government ministers of the Independent State of Croatia|Executed Yugoslav collaborators with Nazi Germany|Executed politicians|Executed Croatian people|Executed Bosnia and Herzegovina people|Ustaše|People executed by firing squad |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。