| 词条 | June deportation | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
The June deportation ({{lang-et|Juuniküüditamine}}, {{lang-lv|Jūnija deportācijas}}, {{lang-lt|Birželio trėmimai}}) was a mass deportation by the Soviet Union of tens of thousands of people from the territories occupied in 1940–1941: Baltic states, occupied Poland (mostly present-day western Belarus and western Ukraine), and Moldavia. The deportationsThe deportation took place from May 22 to June 20, 1941, just before the invasion of the Soviet Union by Nazi Germany. However, the goal of the deportations was to remove political opponents of the Soviet government, not to strengthen security in preparation for the German attack.[2] The deportation took place a year after the occupation and annexation of the Baltic states and Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina and targeted "anti-Soviet elements" – former politicians, policemen, wealthy industrialists and landowners, etc.[3] In occupied Poland, it was the fourth wave of mass deportations[4] and was intended to combat the "counter-revolutionary" Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists.[3] The procedure for the deportations was approved by Ivan Serov in the so-called Serov Instructions. People were deported without trials in whole families.[4] Men were generally imprisoned and most of them died in Siberian prison camps (see Gulag); women and children were resettled in forced settlements[2] in Omsk and Novosibirsk Oblasts, Krasnoyarsk and Altai Krais, and Kazakhstan. The mortality rate among the Estonian deportees was estimated at 60%.[2] Number of deporteesThe number of deported people include:
In mediaThe June deportation has been the subject of several Baltic films from the 2010s. The 2013 Lithuanian film The Excursionist (Ekskursante) dramatised the events through the depiction of a 10-year-old girl who escapes from her camp. Estonia's 2014 In the Crosswind (Risttuules) is an essay film based on the memoirs of a woman who was deported to Siberia, and is told through staged tableaux vivants filmed in black-and-white. Estonia's Ülo Pikkov also addressed the events in the animated short film Body Memory (Kehamälu) from 2012. Latvia's The Chronicles of Melanie (Melānijas hronika) was released in 2016 and is, just like In the Crosswind, based on the memoirs of a woman who experienced the deportation, but is told in a more conventional dramatic way.[1] See also
References1. ^{{Cite web|last=Priimägi|first=Tristan|date=2016-11-29|url=http://www.cineuropa.org/nw.aspx?t=newsdetail&l=en&did=320124|title=The Chronicles of Melanie: The dear deported|work=Cineuropa|accessdate=2017-02-05}} [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]2. ^1 {{cite book| title=The A to Z of Moldova |first1=Andrei |last1=Brezianu |first2=Vlad |last2=Spânu |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bgcCelRuTboC&pg=PA117 |page=117 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |year=2010 |isbn=9780810872110}} 3. ^1 {{cite book| first=Grzegorz |last=Hryciuk |title=Shared History, Divided Memory: Jews and Others in Soviet-occupied Poland, 1939-1941 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_BbvQbiaqAEC&pg=PA193 |page=193 |chapter=Victims 1939–1941: The Soviet Repressions in Eastern Poland |editor-first1=Elazar |editor-last1=Barkan |editor-first2= Elizabeth A. |editor-last2=Cole |editor-first3= Kai |editor-last3=Struve |publisher=Leipziger Universitätsverlag |year=2007 |isbn=9783865832405}} 4. ^1 2 3 {{cite book |first=Thomas |last=Lane |year=2004 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mqOHDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA79 |title=Victims of Stalin and Hitler: The Exodus of Poles and Balts to Britain |page=79 |isbn=978-1-349-51584-4 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan}} 5. ^1 2 {{cite book| first=Stephen |last=Lovell |title=The Shadow of War: Russia and the USSR, 1941 to the present |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DHFDjhPugJIC&pg=PT218 |page=218 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |year=2011 |isbn=9781444351590}} 6. ^1 2 {{cite book |first=Leo |last=Õispuu |year=2014 |title=Name list of persons deported from Estonia 1945-1953 |url=http://www.memento.ee/memento_materjalid/memento_raamatud/memento_r_8-3.pdf |volume=R8/3 |publisher=Estonian Repressed Persons Records Bureau |isbn= 978-9985-9914-6-6 |page=16}} 7. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite book | first1=Aigi |last1=Rahi-Tamm |first2=Andres |last2=Kahar |chapter=The deportation Operation "Priboi" in 1949 |editor-first1= Toomas |editor-last1=Hiio |editor-first2=Meelis |editor-last2=Maripuu |editor-first3=Indrek |editor-last3=Paavle |title=Estonia Since 1944: Report of the Estonian International Commission for the Investigation of Crimes Against Humanity |publisher=Estonian International Commission for the Investigation of Crimes Against Humanity |location=Tallinn | year= 2009 |chapterurl=http://lepo.it.da.ut.ee/~erki/Selfservice/9.pdf |isbn=978-9949183005 |page=310}} 8. ^1 {{cite journal| first=Vitalija |last=Stravinskienė |title=Lietuvos lenkų trėmimai: 1941–1952 m. |language=lt |url=http://www.istorijoszurnalas.lt/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=461&Itemid=441 |journal=Istorija. Mokslo darbai |volume=87 |year=2012 |issn=2029-7181}} 9. ^1 2 {{cite book| first=Alexander |last=Statiev |title=The Soviet Counterinsurgency in the Western Borderlands |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YIRSwRDVqu4C&pg=PA167 |pages=167–168, 184 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2010 |isbn=9780521768337}} }}{{Occupation of Baltic states}}{{Soviet-stub}} 12 : June 1941 events|1941 in Lithuania|Estonia in World War II|Latvia in World War II|Lithuania in World War II|Soviet occupation of Eastern Poland 1939–41|1941 in international relations|Forced migration in the Soviet Union|1941 in the Soviet Union|Deportation|Political and cultural purges|Occupation of the Baltic states |
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