| 词条 | Kadina, South Australia | ||||||
| 释义 |
| type = town | name = Kadina | state = sa | image = Kadina2.JPG | caption = Kadina Town Hall | lga = Copper Coast | postcode = 5554 | est = 1861 | pop = 4,587 | pop_year = {{CensusAU|2016}} | pop_footnotes = [1] | elevation= 44 | coordinates = {{coord|33|57|45|S|137|42|45|E|display=inline,title}} | maxtemp = 23.0 | mintemp = 10.8 | rainfall = 386.7 | stategov = Narungga[2] | fedgov = Grey | dist1 = 144 | dir1 = NNW | location1= Adelaide | near-nw = Wallaroo | near-n = Tickera | near-ne = Alford | near-e = Bute | near-se = Paskeville | near-s = Arthurton | near-sw = Moonta }} Kadina is a town on the Yorke Peninsula of the Australian state of South Australia, approximately 144 kilometres north-northwest of the state capital of Adelaide. The largest town of the Peninsula, Kadina is one of the three Copper Triangle towns famous for their shared copper mining history. The three towns are known as "Little Cornwall" for the significant number of immigrants from Cornwall who worked at the mines in the late 19th century. Kadina's surrounds form an important agricultural base for the region, and are used for growing cereal crops. Kadina used to be a mining town but now the majority of Kadina's land is used for farming. DescriptionKadina is about {{convert|20|km}} north-east of Moonta and {{convert|8|km}} east of the port town of Wallaroo. There are 6 suburbs making up Kadina's township, each being a distinct historic locality or hamlet. These are: Jericho, Jerusalem, Matta Flat, New Town and Wallaroo Mines as well as central Kadina itself.[3] Kadina East was previously a gazetted suburb east of Kadina's centre, later merged into Kadina itself.[3] HistoryAboriginalThe Narungga are the group of Indigenous Australians whose traditional lands include what is now termed Yorke Peninsula in South Australia. The name "Kadina" is thought to be derived from Kadiyinya, a Narungga word meaning 'Lizard Plain'. EuropeanCopper was discovered at Wallaroo Mines in 1859 and adjacent land north east of the site was surveyed in 1861 to house miners and became the Government Town of Kadina. Exceptional amounts of copper were found in the following years. Copper was also found in large amounts at the nearby Matta Mine and Doora Mine. The copper mines attracted many highly experienced Cornish miners to Kadina. In 1862, the Hundred of Wallaroo and Hundred of Kadina were proclaimed in order to allow parcels of land to be sold in the vicinity of the copper mines. In the same year a horse-drawn railway from Kadina to the port at Wallaroo, west of the town, was opened.[4] Further lines connecting Kadina to Port Wakefield, to the southeast, and Bute, to the northeast (Kadina-Brinkworth railway line), opened in 1878 and 1879, respectively.[5][6] In 1872 Kadina became a municipality by establishment of the Corporate Town of Kadina. By 1875, the population had increased to 20,000, mostly composed of Cornish miners.{{Citation needed|date=February 2016}} In 1907 the adjacent Government Town of Kadina East was surveyed west of Eliza Terrace to cope with the need to house the growing population of the town.[7] Mining at Kadina ceased completely in 1938, and the rail lines fell into disuse and were closed in 1989. Heritage listingsKadina has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:
Geography and climateKadina exists in a semi-arid location, above Goyder's Line, and is surrounded by mallee scrub. It is located 8 kilometres inland and 44 metres above sea level. Kadina has a borderline dry Mediterranean/Semi-Arid climate (Koppen:Csa/Bsh) with seasonal temperatures a few degrees above Adelaide's temperatures. The average winter temperature is 15.4 °C and the average summer temperature is 30.5 °C. Average rainfall of Kadina is 388.8 millimetres. The weather patterns are similar to those of Adelaide. {{Weather box|location = Kadina |metric first = Yes |single line = Yes |precipitation colour = green |Jan record high C = 45.5 |Feb record high C = 45.2 |Mar record high C = 41.6 |Apr record high C = 38.0 |May record high C = 30.5 |Jun record high C = 26.1 |Jul record high C = 24.2 |Aug record high C = 26.8 |Sep record high C = 35.0 |Oct record high C = 37.4 |Nov record high C = 44.7 |Dec record high C = 43.3 |year record high C = 45.5 |Jan high C = 30.5 |Feb high C = 30.1 |Mar high C = 27.4 |Apr high C = 23.8 |May high C = 19.3 |Jun high C = 16.6 |Jul high C = 15.5 |Aug high C = 16.6 |Sep high C = 19.5 |Oct high C = 22.8 |Nov high C = 25.8 |Dec high C = 27.7 |year high C = 23.0 |Jan low C = 15.7 |Feb low C = 15.8 |Mar low C = 13.8 |Apr low C = 11.3 |May low C = 8.5 |Jun low C = 7.1 |Jul low C = 5.7 |Aug low C = 6.0 |Sep low C = 7.4 |Oct low C = 9.4 |Nov low C = 11.9 |Dec low C = 13.8 |year low C = 10.5 |Jan record low C = 8.0 |Feb record low C = 6.7 |Mar record low C = 5.3 |Apr record low C = 1.2 |May record low C = 0.8 |Jun record low C = -2.8 |Jul record low C = -2.2 |Aug record low C = -0.6 |Sep record low C = -1.5 |Oct record low C = 0.0 |Nov record low C = 3.3 |Dec record low C = 6.0 |year record low C = -2.8 |Jan precipitation mm = 14.9 |Feb precipitation mm = 18.2 |Mar precipitation mm = 19.1 |Apr precipitation mm = 32.5 |May precipitation mm = 45.8 |Jun precipitation mm = 51.8 |Jul precipitation mm = 48.5 |Aug precipitation mm = 45.3 |Sep precipitation mm = 38.9 |Oct precipitation mm = 33.2 |Nov precipitation mm = 22.5 |Dec precipitation mm = 17.8 |year precipitation mm = 388.5 |Jan precipitation days = 3.2 |Feb precipitation days = 2.9 |Mar precipitation days = 3.8 |Apr precipitation days = 6.5 |May precipitation days = 10.0 |Jun precipitation days = 12.1 |Jul precipitation days = 13.1 |Aug precipitation days = 12.6 |Sep precipitation days = 10.0 |Oct precipitation days = 8.1 |Nov precipitation days = 5.6 |Dec precipitation days = 4.4 |year precipitation days = 92.3 |unit precipitation days = 0.2 mm |humidity colour=green |Jan afthumidity = 36 |Feb afthumidity = 37 |Mar afthumidity = 40 |Apr afthumidity = 47 |May afthumidity = 59 |Jun afthumidity = 63 |Jul afthumidity = 65 |Aug afthumidity = 60 |Sep afthumidity = 53 |Oct afthumidity = 44 |Nov afthumidity = 40 |Dec afthumidity = 38 |year humidity = 49 |source 1 = [11] |date=January 2019 }} GovernanceKadina is located within the local government area of the Copper Coast Council,[3] which was formed in 1997. The Copper Coast Council replaced the District Council of Kadina, which existed from 1888 to 1984, and the District Council of Northern Yorke Peninsula. The Corporate Town of Kadina, which had existed since 1872, was previously merged into the District Council of Kadina in 1977. Kadina is part of the federal division of Grey and lies within the state electoral district of Narungga.[12][2] Local economyMiningKadina was once chiefly a copper mining town with the Wallaroo Mines being south-westerly adjacent to the township. Since the closure of the mine in the 1920s, agriculture has been the dominant local industry. Broadacre croppingKadina is surrounded by lands used for broadacre cereal cropping. Staples such as barley, wheat as well as various oilseeds and legumes like canola, chickpeas and field peas are commonly grown in the area. Barley and wheat from the region is considered{{by whom|date=March 2011}} to be some of the best in the world. TourismThe town today consists of important historical colonial and federation buildings gathered around Victoria Square. Kadina also contains the Farm Shed Museum & Tourism Centre (Kadina Heritage Museum) and remnants of the Wallaroo Mines. Kernewek Lowender, a Cornish festival, is held every odd year in May in Kadina (as well as Moonta and Wallaroo, with each location hosting the festival for one day). Kadina and its surrounds benefit generally from the tourism throughout the Copper Triangle and has experienced general growth due throughout the 2000s and 2010s due to the Copper Cove housing development at Wallaroo.{{cn|date=November 2018}} MediaThe town serves as the base for local radio station Gulf FM, broadcasting at 89.3 FM. The Yorke Peninsula Country Times newspaper is based in Kadina. Notable people
GallerySee also
References1. ^{{Census 2016 AUS|id=UCL415015|name=Kadina (Urban Centre/Locality)|access-date=23 November 2017|quick=on}} 2. ^1 {{cite map |url=http://edbc.sa.gov.au/redistributions/2016/2016-electoral-district-maps/narungga-map-2016-pdf/download.html |title=Narungga |publisher=Electoral District Boundaries Commission |date=2016 |accessdate=1 March 2018}} 3. ^1 2 {{Cite web |url=http://maps.sa.gov.au/plb |work=Property Location Browser |title=Placename Details: Kadina |id=SA0033380 |publisher=Government of South Australia |date=21 March 2013 |accessdate=17 November 2017 |quote=Derivation of Name: See Hundred of Kadina; Other Details: Town surveyed in January 1861, no proclamation. Boundaries created in January 1999 for the long established name. Incorporates the Government Towns of Kadina and Kadina East. Anglicised version of the Narungga name Gardina for a camp in this area.}} 4. ^{{Cite news |work=South Australian Weekly Chronicle |title=PORT WALLAROO. From our own Correspondent (July 7) |date=12 July 1862 |page=3}} 5. ^{{Cite news |work=South Australia Chronicle and Weekly Mail |title=THE KADINA AND BARUNGA RAILWAY. |date=8 March 1879 |page=7}} 6. ^{{Cite journal |last=Callaghan |first=W.H. |title=Horse and Steam, Wheat and Copper |journal=Australian Railway Historical Society Bulletin |date=February 2002 |pages=9–27; 46–63}} 7. ^{{Cite web |url=http://maps.sa.gov.au/plb |work=Property Location Browser |title=Placename Details: Kadina East |id=SA0033385 |publisher=Land Services, Government of South Australia |date=12 May 2011 |accessdate=8 November 2017 |quote=Derivation of Name: Proximity to the town of Kadina; Other Details: Town surveyed in May 1907. Now incorporated in the bounded locality of Kadina.}} 8. ^{{cite web | url=http://maps.sa.gov.au/heritagesearch/HeritageItem.aspx?p_heritageno=13505 | title=Kadina Cemetery, including the Mortuary and Wall | publisher=Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources | work=South Australian Heritage Register | accessdate=17 May 2016}} 9. ^{{cite web | url=http://maps.sa.gov.au/heritagesearch/HeritageItem.aspx?p_heritageno=13508 | title=Former Humphries Barber Shop (former Hancock's Barber Shop and Billiard Saloon) | publisher=Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources | work=South Australian Heritage Register | accessdate=17 May 2016}} 10. ^{{cite web | url=http://maps.sa.gov.au/heritagesearch/HeritageItem.aspx?p_heritageno=13512 | title=Kadina Town Hall (incorporating 1880 Mechanics Institute) | publisher=Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources | work=South Australian Heritage Register | accessdate=17 May 2016}} 11. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_022006_All.shtml| title = Climate statistics for Kadina | publisher = Australian Bureau of Meteorology}} 12. ^{{cite web|title=Federal electoral division of Grey|url=http://www.aec.gov.au/profiles/sa/files/2011/2011-aec-a4-map-sa-grey.pdf |publisher=Australian Electoral Commission|accessdate=24 July 2015}} External links
3 : Cornish-Australian culture|Mining towns in South Australia|1861 establishments in Australia |
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