| 词条 | Kaiji (train) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
12 December 1966 (Express) 13 March 1988 (Limited express)|last=|successor=|operator=JR East|formeroperator=JNR|ridership=|start={{STN|Shinjuku}}|stops=|end={{STN|Kōfu}}|distance=|journeytime=|frequency=|trainnumber=|line_used=Chūō Main Line|class=Green + Standard|access=|seating=|catering=Trolley service|baggage=|otherfacilities=|stock=E353 series EMUs|gauge={{RailGauge|1067mm|lk=on}}|el=1,500 V DC overhead|speed={{Convert|130|km/h|mph|round=5|abbr=on}}[1]|owners=|routenumber=|map=|map_state=}} The {{nihongo|Kaiji|かいじ}} is a limited express train service in Japan operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East). It runs mainly between Shinjuku Station in Tokyo and Kōfu Station in Kōfu, Yamanashi via the Chūō Main Line. RouteKaiji{{STN|Shinjuku}} - {{STN|Kōfu}}(Some trains operate between {{STN|Tokyo}} and {{STN|Ryūō}}.) Chiba Kaiji{{STN|Chiba}} - {{STN|Kōfu}} - {{STN|Ryūō}}Hamakaiji{{STN|Yokohama}} - {{STN|Hachiōji}} - {{STN|Matsumoto}}Yama KaijiTachikawa - KobuchizawaRolling stockKaiji
From 2016, new E353 series EMUs are introduced on Kaiji services, replacing the E257 series trains.[2] The new trains feature power outlets for passenger use and WiFi internet service.[2] Chiba Kaiji
Hamakaiji
Yama Kaiji
FormationsCurrent formationsE353 series KaijiAll Kaiji (E353 series) services are formed of nine cars, numbered 4 to 12, with car 12 at the Kofu end. Between Shinjuku and Otsuki, 4 Kaiji services are coupled with Fuji Excursion trains, which are numbered cars 1 to 3.
185 series HamakaijiThe seasonal Hamakaiji services are formed of 7-car 185 series EMUs based at Tamachi Depot in Tokyo, with car 1 at the Yokohama end.[1]
Past formationE257 series KaijiMost Kaiji (E257 series) services are formed of nine cars, numbered 3 to 11, with car 11 at the Kofu end. Cars 1 and 2 are added to some trains.[1][6]
HistorySemi-expressThe Kaiji service began on 1 October 1961 as a semi express operating between Shinjuku and Kōfu.[3] The name was derived from the old name, {{Nihongo|Kai|甲斐}}, of Yamanashi Prefecture.[4] Services were operated using KiHa 58 series diesel multiple unit (DMU) trains in between duties on long-distance Alps and Hakuba express services.[4] DMUs were used on these services due to the restricted tunnel clearances along the line prohibiting the use of electric trains.[4] The outbound service departed from Shinjuku at 14:50, arriving at Kōfu at 17:19. The return working departed from Kōfu at 18:28, arriving at Shinjuku at 21:20.[4] The Kaiji services were however discontinued and integrated with the Alps express services from the start of the revised timetable on 1 October 1965 when electric trains were introduced.[4] ExpressThe Kaiji name was revived from 12 December 1966 for use on express services aimed at business users, operating between Shinjuku and Matsumoto using 12-car 165 series EMU formations in between duties on longer-distance Alps services.[4] The early morning up working departed from Matsumoto at 04:50, arriving at Shinjuku at 09:34. The evening down service departed from Shinjuku at 18:55, arriving at Matsumoto at 23:36.[4] From the start of the 1 October 1968 timetable revision, the Shinjuku - Matsumoto service was integrated with the other Alps express services also operating between Shinjuku and Matsumoto, and the Kaiji name was used for five new return express services operating between Shinjuku and Kōfu.[4] Due to the seasonal nature of ridership on these services, three of the five return workings were designated as seasonal services, operating only during peak seasons.[4] These services were operated using outer-suburban 115 series EMUs, whereas the two regular services were operated using 165 series express EMUs with first-class accommodation and buffet facilities.[4] In response to the lack of first class accommodation, a 115 series set reformed with a 165 series "SaRo 165" Green car was used on some services.[4] The use of suburban rolling stock on express services requiring payment of a supplement was not popular, however, and the seasonal services were downgraded to "Rapid" services by 1978, leaving just the two regular Kaiji express services using 165 series rolling stock.[4] The remaining Kaiji services were discontinued from the start of the 1 November 1986 timetable following the introduction of new Azusa limited express services.[4] Limited expressFrom 13 March 1988, five of the Azusa limited express services operating between Shinjuku and Kōfu were expanded to nine return workings daily and renamed Kaiji.[4] Initially operated using 6-car 183 series EMUs, all Kaiji services were operated using 9-car sets from the start of the December 1993 timetable revision.[4] These were lengthened to 11-car sets from October 1997.[4] Smoking was prohibited in all cars from 18 March 2007.[5] Future developmentJR East has announced a new timetable revision which will take effect from March 2019 onwards. It announces a new limited express service, the Fuji Excursion (富士回遊), which will operate two round trips per day. The 3-car Fuji Excursion train will be coupled with 9-car Kaiji services, between Shinjuku and Otsuki. At Otsuki Station, the two trains decouple and separate[6]. See also
References1. ^1 2 {{cite book | title = JR新幹線＆特急列車ファイル |trans-title=JR Shinkansen & Limited Express Train File| publisher = Kōtsū Shimbun | date = 2008 | location = Japan | page = 70| isbn = 978-4-330-00608-6}} 2. ^1 {{cite web|url= http://www.sponichi.co.jp/society/news/2013/09/16/kiji/K20130916006628560.html|script-title= ja:ＪＲ東日本 富士山観光見込み、中央線特急に新型車両|trans-title= JR East to introduce new trains on Chuo Line limited express services, eying Mt Fuji tourism|date= 16 September 2013|work= Sponichi Annex|publisher= Sports Nippon Newspapers|location= Japan|language= Japanese|accessdate= 16 September 2013|deadurl= yes|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20130918220201/http://www.sponichi.co.jp/society/news/2013/09/16/kiji/K20130916006628560.html|archivedate= 18 September 2013|df= }} 3. ^{{cite book | title = 列車名鑑1995 |trans-title=Train Name Directory 1995| publisher = Railway Journal| date = August 1995 | location = Japan| pages = | isbn = }} 4. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 {{cite book| last = Teramoto | first = Mitsuteru | title = 国鉄・ＪＲ列車名大辞典 |trans-title= JNR & JR Train Name Encyclopedia| publisher = Chuoshoin Publishing Co., Ltd. | date = July 2001 | location = Tokyo, Japan | pages = 158–159| isbn = 4-88732-093-0}} 5. ^1 {{cite book |title = JR電車編成表 2012夏 |trans-title= JR EMU Formations - Summer 2012| publisher = JRR | date = May 2012 | location = Japan | page = 103| isbn = 978-4-330-28612-9}} 6. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.jreast.co.jp/hachioji/info/20181214/20181214_info01.pdf|title=|last=|first=|date=2018-12-14|website=|publisher=East Japan Railway Company, Hachioji Branch|script-title=2019年3月ダイヤ改正について（多摩版）|trans-title=Regarding the timetable revision on March 2019 (Tama Edition)|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|accessdate=2018-12-14}} External links{{Commons category|Kaiji}}
3 : Named passenger trains of Japan|East Japan Railway Company|Railway services introduced in 1961 |
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