| 词条 | Kali River (Karnataka) |
| 释义 |
| name = Kali River | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = India | subdivision_type2 = State | subdivision_name2 = Karnataka | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = | length = {{convert|184|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = {{convert|152|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} | discharge1_max = | discharge2_location= Dandeli[1] | discharge2_min = | discharge2_avg = {{convert|129.6|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} | discharge2_max = | source1 = diggi | source1_location = Karnataka, India | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = | mouth_location = Arabian Sea, India | mouth_coordinates = | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} The Kali River or Kali nadi is a river flowing through Uttara Kannada district of Karnataka state in India.[2] The river rises near Diggi, a small village in Uttar Kannada district. The river is the lifeline to some 4 lakh people in the Uttara Kannada district and supports the livelihoods of tens of thousands of people including fishermen on the coast of Karwar. There are many dams built across this river for the generation of electricity. One of the important dams build across Kali river is the Supa Dam at Ganeshgudi. The river runs 184 kilometers before joining Arabian Sea. Significant and picturesque, the Sadashivgad fort is now a popular tourist destination located by the coastal highway Kali river bridge, which has been built above the confluence of the river and the Arabian Sea. The National Highway NH-17 continues on the Kali Bridge built over Kali River and the road continues to split the Sadashivgad granite rock hill to connect Karnataka to Goa. Origin and courseThe Kali River has its origin near the village of Kushavali of Joida Taluka, {{Coord|15|14|56|N|074|17|58|E|display=inline}}, 2011 Census Village code = 602664,[3] in the Western Ghats and flows eastwards into the Supa Dam Reservoir,[4] where it is joined by the Pandri River from the left (north). The Kali exits at Supa Dam near Kurandi then flows east towards Dandeli. Passing south of Dandeli, the Kali River flows southeast into the Bommanalli Reservoir, exiting at the dam and flowing east between the villages of Kegdal on the right (south) and Bommanalli[5] on the left (north). After the village of Bommanalli the Kali turns south and at {{Coord|15|05|21|N|074|43|57|E|display=inline}} is joined by the Tattihalla River from the left (west). controller and Tunnel is there in Bhagavathi. At that point the Kali turns west and flows through a gorge which ends at Sathodi Falls below Sykes Point. The Kali is then joined by the Kaneri River from the right (north) at {{Coord|15|03|52|N|074|36|17|E|display=inline}}, and flows south-southwest into Kodasalli Reservoir. Leaving that reservoir, the Kali River flows west and is joined by the Vuki Halla from the right (north). Whence it flows southwest into the Kadra Reservoir, and is joined by the Thana Halla just below the dam at Kadra.[6] From Kadra, the Kali flows west through marshland to join the Arabian Sea near the town of Karwar. The river flows entirely through the district of Uttara Kannada. Pollution & EcologyUntreated effluents released directly into the river by industrial units and illegal sand mining in the Supa Dam area resulted in serious disturbances to the river's ecology. The government strategy for controlling the pollution from illegal sand mining has produced a cleaner river.[10] The releases from a papermill have drawn crocodiles to the Anshi Dandeli Tiger Reserve.[11] Chemical and petroleum companies near its estuary have been leaking toxic wastes, including mercury, into the Kali River for decades. Trivia
See also
Notes1. ^{{cite web| title = Gauging Station - Data Summary|publisher = ORNL| url = http://daac.ornl.gov/rivdis/STATIONS/TEXT/INDIA/1258/SUMMARY.HTML| accessdate = 2013-10-01}} 2. ^{{GEOnet2|32FA8822EC573774E0440003BA962ED3|Kālī Nadī (Approved)}}, United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency 3. ^{{Cite web|title=Reports of National Panchayat Directory: List of Census Villages mapped for: Bazaar Kulang Gram Panchayat, Supa, Uttar Kannad, Karnataka|publisher=Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|url=http://panchayatdirectory.gov.in/adminreps/viewGPmapcvills.asp?gpcode=223801&rlbtype=V}} 4. ^The former village of Supa, which gave its name to the dam and the taluka, was drowned when the reservoir was created. For its location see {{Citation|title=Belgaum|series=series U502, sheet ND 43-02|format=topographic map, 1:250,000|publisher=United States Army Map Service|date=May 1960|url=http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/ams/india/nd-43-02.jpg}} 5. ^Bommanalli, Haliyal Taluka, {{Coord|15|10|04|N|074|42|39|E|display=inline}}, 2011 Census Village code = 602800, {{Cite web|title=Reports of National Panchayat Directory: List of Census Villages mapped for: Bhagvati Gram Panchayat, Haliyal, Uttar Kannad, Karnataka|publisher=Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|url=http://panchayatdirectory.gov.in/adminreps/viewGPmapcvills.asp?gpcode=223658&rlbtype=V}} 6. ^{{Citation|title=Karwar|series=series U502, sheet ND 43-02|format=topographic map, 1:250,000|publisher=United States Army Map Service|date=March 1960|url=http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/ams/india/nd-43-06.jpg}} 7. ^Fibis: Battle of Kallah Nuddee. 8. ^{{cite book|title=Bulletins and Other State Intelligence|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=09M1AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA1179|year=1860|publisher=Compiled and arranged from the official documents published in the London gazette.|page=1179}} 9. ^{{cite book|author=Edmund Hope Verney|title=The Shannon's brigade in India: being some account of Sir William Peel's naval brigade in the Indian campaign of 1857-1858|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=A7XMfkemThoC&pg=PA59|year=1862|publisher=Saunders, Otley|page=59}} 10. ^{{Cite news|author=ಸುದ್ದಿಲೋಕ, ವಿಕ (Suddiloka, Vika)|title=ಕಾಳಿ ನದಿ: ರಕ್ಷಣೆಗೆ ಹೊಸ ಕಾರ್ಯತಂತ್ರ (Kali River: the protection of a new strategy)|newspaper=The Times of India|date=11 April 2013|language=Kannada|url=http://vijaykarnataka.indiatimes.com/articleshow/19479439.cms|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130417035931/http://vijaykarnataka.indiatimes.com/articleshow/19479439.cms|archivedate=17 April 2013|deadurl=no}} 11. ^{{Cite news|date=13 December 2011|title=Industrial pollution brings crocodile tears|newspaper=The News Today|location=Dhaka, Bangladesh|url=http://newstoday.com.bd/index.php?option=details&news_id=46897&date=2011-12-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130417044317/http://newstoday.com.bd/index.php?option=details&news_id=46897&date=2011-12-13|archivedate=17 April 2013|deadurl=no}} 12. ^"Island" in Konkani language translates to "Joog". External links{{commons category|Kali River (Karnataka)}}
3 : Rivers of Karnataka|Rivers of the Western Ghats|Geography of Uttara Kannada district |
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