“Kalki Purana”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Kalki Purana ({{lang-sa|कल्कि पुराण Kalki purāṇa}}) is a prophetic work in Sanskrit that details the life and times of Kalki, the tenth and final of the Dashavatara (the ten Avatars) of the Hindu deity Lord Vishnu. The narrative is set in near the end of the Kali Yuga or Dark Age, as revealed by the storyteller Suta.

The extant text comprises three aṃśas (sections) consisting 7, 7 and 21 chapters respectively.^[1] Although it is considered an Upapurana or 'Lesser Purana', it is derived from passages taken directly from the 18 'Major' Puranas, including the Vishnu Purana and the Bhagavata Purana ascribed to Vyasa. The dating of the text ranges from 9th century to later centuries.^[2]^[3]

Significance

As a prophetic work, the Kalki Purana writes details about events believed by Hindus to occur in the future. The work is essentially a derivation of passages collected from various Puranas describing the same subject. The work primarily describes the onset and exponential increase of evil and sin on the earth during the Kali Yuga, and the life of Kalki, who is said to bring an end to the darkness of the Kali Yuga, destroying evil and sin, and beginning a new yuga (age) of sinlessness and peace known as the Satya Yuga.

The text is a Vaishnavism tradition text, where Brahma and other gods approach Vishnu for protection from the evils of the Kali-yuga.^[4] After listening to stories of persecution, Vishnu promises to be born as Kalki in the family of Sumati and Vishnuyasha, in a village called Shambhala.^[4] He studies the Vedas and other texts, then marries a princess named Padmavati of Simhala kingdom. Kalki and his army then fight various wars and destroy all those who had persecuted and driven Dharma out of their land. After the annihilation of the evil and restoration of the good, Kalki returns to Shambhala. This marks the end of Kali yuga, and the start of the new cycle of existence, with Satya yuga (also called Krita yuga). Kalki then returns to heaven, according to Kalki Purana.^[4]

Kalki is also found in Buddhist texts, such as Kalachakra Tantra.^[5]^[6] The Buddhist texts mention a king named Kalki from Shambhala who leads an army to destroy the Evil persecutors of dhamma; then after the victory of good over evil and attainment of religious freedoms, Kalki ushers in a new era.^[7]^[8]^[9] The much later era Buddhist text Vimalaprabha, which comments on Kalachakra Tantra, also mentions Kalki.^[10]

Events Depicted in the Kalki Purana

Kali Yuga

Chronologically Krishna is described as the eighth Avatar of Lord Vishnu. This happens in Dvapara Yuga. When the first stage of the Kali Yuga begins, the varna system will deteriorate. Soon after this, the second, third, and fourth stages of the Kali Yuga begin. During the second and third portions, men will forget the name of God and no longer offer Yagna to the Devas. During the fourth portion, cannibalism will be virtually universal among the humans. To solve this problem the pious Devas will gather before Brahma for a solution. Near the end of this yuga, the Devas will then journey to Vaikunta to seek help from Lord Vishnu. Lord Vishnu will then descend to Earth to end the Kali Yuga.

Life on Earth

Sri Kalki will be an avatar of Lord Vishnu the supreme Parabrahman. He will marry his eternal consort Lakshmi who is the Heavenly mother. He will then undertake the mission to complete the end of Kaliyuga and rid the world of all wicked kings and false prophets, evil people and to usher in the age of Satya yuga. Prophecies are said to be talking about Pralaya at the end of kali yuga.

Destruction of Evil

One of the main reasons Lord Vishnu comes to earth as Kalki is to destroy and defeat evil forces on earth. He begins this with the battle, and eventual massacre, of the Sunyavadis, who have misled the people, at the city of Keekatpur. A war would later begin with Kali, including the demon generals Koka and Vikoka fighting against Kalki and the Devas. Thus, Kali will be defeated at the hands of Dharma, the personification of the Satya Yuga which is evil's polar opposite.,^[11]

Satya Yuga

After the defeat and destruction of evil on earth, the Satya Yuga dawns. Kalki will bring golden age. Kalki will divide the earth into earthly kingdoms among his generals. Sumati and Vishnuyasha, his parents, will then travel to the holy place of Badrikashram, where they will live.They have no death.They will go to Vaikuntha with Kalki. Having finished his mission of restoring peace, Kalki will rule.

Notes

1. ^{{cite book|last=Rocher|first=Ludo|editor=Jan Gonda (ed.)|title=A History of Indian Literature |volume=Vol.II, Epics and Sanskrit religious literature, Fasc.3|year=1986|publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag|location=Wiesbaden|isbn=3-447-02522-0|page=183|chapter=The Purāṇas}}
2. ^{{cite book|title=The Tibet Journal, Volume 22|publisher=Library of Tibetan Works & Archives|page=36|year=1997|quote=Emil Abegg based on the reference to struggles between Visnuism and Buddhism, suggests that parts of the Kalki-Purana might date back to the 9th century}}
3. ^{{cite book|title=Sarasvati Bhavana Granthamala, Vol. 103|year=1972|pages=3–12|publisher=Sarasvati Bhavana Granthamala|quote=Then in all probability the Kalki-Purana may have been composed during the ninth and tenth century A.D|url=http://www.dharmicscriptures.org/Kalki%20Purana.pdf}}
4. ^¹²{{cite book|author=Ludo Rocher|title=The Purāṇas|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n0-4RJh5FgoC |year=1986|publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag|isbn=978-3-447-02522-5|pages=183 with footnotes}}
5. ^{{cite book|title=Buddhism in Practice: (Abridged Edition)|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=2015|author=John Newman| editor= Donald S. Lopez Jr.|page=203}}
6. ^{{cite book|title=The Wheel of Time: Kalachakra in Context|pages=83–84 with note 4|first=Lhundub |last=Sopa |publisher=Sambhala}}
7. ^{{cite book|author=Yijiu JIN|title=Islam|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Q-PzDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA49|year=2017|publisher=BRILL Academic|isbn=978-90-474-2800-8|pages=49–52}}
8. ^[a] {{cite book|author=Björn Dahla|title=Exercising Power: The Role of Religions in Concord and Conflict|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i_rWAAAAMAAJ|year=2006|publisher=Donner Institute for Research in Religious and Cultural History|isbn=978-952-12-1811-8|pages=90–91}}, Quote: "(...) the Shambala-bodhisattva-king [Cakravartin Kalkin] and his army will defeat and destroy the enemy army, the barbarian Muslim army and their religion, in a kind of Buddhist Armadgeddon. Thereafter Buddhism will prevail.";
[b] {{cite book|author=David Burton|title=Buddhism: A Contemporary Philosophical Investigation|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=phddDgAAQBAJ&pg=PT193 |year=2017|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-351-83859-7|page=193}}
[c] {{cite book|author=Johan Elverskog |editor=Anna Akasoy|display-editors=etal|title=Islam and Tibet: Interactions Along the Musk Routes|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZfWXIfbynwYC&pg=PA293 |year=2011|publisher=Ashgate Publishing |isbn=978-0-7546-6956-2|pages=293–310}}
9. ^{{cite book|title=Buddhism in Practice |edition=Abridged |publisher=Princeton University Press|year=2015|author=John Newman| editor= Donald S. Lopez Jr.|pages=202–205}}
10. ^{{cite book|title=The Wheel of Time: Kalachakra in Context|pages=56–78, 83–86 with notes|editor=Geshe Lhundub Sopa |author=John Newman| year= 1985 |publisher=Sambhala}}
11. ^. Raja Shashidhwaja, a great devotee of Vishnu, has been granted a boon by Lord Vishnu of defeating Kalki on the battlefield.