| 词条 | Kamini Roy |
| 释义 |
| name = Kamini Roy | native_name = কামিনী রায় | native_name_lang = bn | image = Kamini Roy.jpg | caption = | birth_date = {{birth date|1864|10|12|df=y}} | birth_place = Basanda, Bengal Presidency, British India | death_date = {{death date and age|1933|09|27|1864|10|12|df=y}} | death_place = Hazaribagh, Bihar and Orissa Province, British India | occupation = Poet, scholar | years_active = | notable_works = Alo O Chhaya | spouse = Kedarnath Roy | nationality = Indian | alma_mater = Bethune College University of Calcutta }}Kamini Roy (12 October 1864 – 27 September 1933)[1] was a leading Bengali poet, social worker and feminist in British India. She was the first woman honours graduate in British India.[2][3] Early lifeBorn on 12 October 1864 in the village of Basanda, then in Bakergunj district of Bengal Presidency and now in Barisal District of Bangladesh, Roy joined Bethune School in 1883. One of the first girls to attend school in British India, she earned a bachelor of arts degree with Sanskrit honours from Bethune College of the University of Calcutta in 1886 and started teaching there in the same year. Kadambini Ganguly, one of the first two women honors graduates ever in the country, was three years senior to her in the same institution.[3] Kamini hailed from an elite Bengali Baidya family. Her father, Chandi Charan Sen, a judge and a writer, was a leading member of the Brahmo Samaj. She learnt from his collection of books and used his library extensively. She was a mathematical prodigy but later her interest switched to Sanskrit.[4] Nisith Chandra Sen, her brother, was a renowned barrister in the Calcutta High Court, and later the Mayor of Calcutta while sister Jamini was the house physician of the then Nepal Royal family. In 1894 she married Kedarnath Roy.[3] Writing and Feminism{{Quote box|quote=Bethune School and College will take just pride in Kamini Roy (1864–1933), the first woman lyricist who began composing from 1880 and published her Alo Chhaya in 1889 which created a stir in the literary world as much by its rare sensibilities as by the profundity of woman’s self-realisation. Kamini Roy worked with her pen for nearly fifty years and witnessed the emergence of a new generation of womanhood enriching the social, artistic and literary life of Bengal through their original creations.|source=— Kalidas Nag in Introduction to the Bethune School and College Centenary Volume, 1949|align=right |width=20% |fontsize=85% |quoted=1}}Her writing is simple and elegant. She published her first collection of verses Alo Chhaya in 1889, and two more books after that but then took a break from writing for several years following her marriage and motherhood. She was a feminist at an age when merely getting educated was a taboo for a woman. She picked up the cue for feminism from a fellow student of Bethune School, Abala Bose. In an address delivered at a girls' school in Calcutta she declared that the aim of women's education was to contribute to their all-round development and fulfillment of their potential.[5] In a Bengali essay titled The Fruit of the Tree of Knowledge she wrote, "The male desire to rule is the primary, if not the only, stumbling block to women’s enlightenment... They are extremely suspicious of women’s emancipation. Why? The same old fear – 'Lest they become like us'."[6] In 1921, she was one of the leaders, along with Kumudini Mitra (Basu) and Mrinalini Sen of the Bangiya Nari Samaj to fight for woman's suffrage. Limited suffrage was granted to women in 1925, and in 1926 Bengali women exercised their right for the first time.[5] She was a member of the Female Labour Investigation Commission (1922–23).[3] Personal LifeAfter passing out with honours distinction from Bethune college in 1886, she received a teaching position from the same college. She took part in the Ilbert Bill agitation. It was during this period which would be productive for her, as she wrote during this time. She quit teaching after 1894. Herein she published for five years. Shortly, she would marry Kedarnath Roy at the age of 30, which was against the norm during that time. It was highly unusual for women to get married in their thirties in colonial Bengal. [7] She had two children with Kedarnath, after which she retired from her writing profession. When asked why she had stopped writing she reportedly said, “My children are my living poems.” Giving into this problematic Indian ideal of worshipping motherhood, Kamini Roy was no longer writing. [8] Kamini returned to writing poetry after the death of her husband in 1909 and her oldest son. Honors and LaurelsRoy went out of her way to encourage other writers and poets. In 1923, she visited Barisal and encouraged Sufia Kamal, then a young girl, to continue writing. She was president of the Bengali Literary Conference in 1930 and vice-president of the Bangiya Sahitya Parishad in 1932-33.[3] She was influenced by the poet Rabindranath Tagore and Sanskrit literature. Calcutta University honoured her with the Jagattarini Gold Medal.[3] In her later life, she lived at Hazaribagh for some years. In that small town, she often had discussions on literary and other topics with such scholars as Mahesh Chandra Ghosh and Dhirendranath Choudhury. She died on 27 September 1933 while staying in Hazaribagh. WorksAmongst her notable literary contributions were –
References1. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.observerbd.com/2015/09/29/112606.php|title=Kamini Roy's 82nd death anniversary today|website=www.observerbd.com|access-date=2019-02-24}} 2. ^{{Cite web|url=https://feminisminindia.com/2017/07/07/kamini-roy-essay/|title=Kamini Roy: Poet, Teacher And The First Woman Honours Graduate In British India|last=Sarna|first=Jasveen Kaur|date=7 July 2017|website=Feminist India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180924131145/https://feminisminindia.com/2017/07/07/kamini-roy-essay/|archive-date=24 September 2018|dead-url=no|access-date=24 September 2018}} 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 Sengupta, Subodh Chandra and Bose, Anjali (editors), 1976/1998, Sansad Bangali Charitabhidhan (Biographical dictionary) Vol I, {{Bn icon}}, p83, {{ISBN|81-85626-65-0}} 4. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.streeshakti.com/bookK.aspx?author=12|title=StreeShakti - The Parallel Force|publisher=www.streeshakti.com|access-date=2016-10-08}} 5. ^1 Ray, Bharati, Women in Calcutta: the Years of Change, in Calcutta The Living City Vol II, edited by Sukanta Chaudhuri, Oxford University Press, first published 1990, paperback edition 2005, page 36–37. {{ISBN|0-19-563697-X}}. 6. ^This has been included in an English book Talking of Power - Early Writings of Bengali Women from the Mid-Nineteenth Century to the Beginning of the Twentieth Century edited by Malini Bhattacharya and Abhijit Sen. 7. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.beaninspirer.com/light-bringer-indian-feminism-kamini-roy-story-first-indian-woman-honours-graduate-beyond-fascinating/|title=The Light-Bringer to Indian Feminism – Kamini Roy, the Story of First Indian Woman Honours Graduate is Beyond Fascinating {{!}} BeAnInspirer|last=BeAnInspirer|first=Team|date=2018-01-17|website=Be An Inspirer|language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-07}} 8. ^{{Cite web|url=https://feminisminindia.com/2017/07/07/kamini-roy-essay/|title=Kamini Roy: Poet, Teacher And The First Woman Honours Graduate In British India {{!}} #IndianWomenInHistory|last=Sarna|first=Jasveen Kaur|date=2017-07-06|website=Feminism In India|language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-07}} External links
12 : 1864 births|1933 deaths|People from Barisal District|Bethune College alumni|University of Calcutta alumni|Poets from West Bengal|Bengali-language writers|Women writers from West Bengal|Indian feminist writers|Bengali female poets|19th-century Indian women writers|20th-century Indian women writers |
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