| 词条 | Kangding |
| 释义 |
| name = Kangding | official_name = | native_name = {{longitem|style=font-size:110%;|{{nobold|{{lang|zh-cn|康定市}} · {{bo-textonly|དར་མདོ་གྲོང་ཁྱེར།}}}}}} | other_name = | settlement_type = County-level city | image_skyline = Kangding from above.jpg | image_caption = Kangding from above | nickname = | image_map = Location of Kangding within Sichuan (China).png | map_caption = Location of Kangding City (red) within Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture (yellow) and Sichuan | pushpin_map = China Sichuan | pushpin_map_caption = Location of the city center in Sichuan | pushpin_label_position = left | coordinates = {{coord|29.999|N|101.957|E|type:adm3rd_region:CN-51_source:Gaode|format=dms|display=it}} | coor_pinpoint = Kangding government | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = People's Republic of China | subdivision_type1 = Province | subdivision_type2 = Autonomous prefecture | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name1 = Sichuan | subdivision_name2 = Garzê | subdivision_name3 = | leader_title = CPC Party Chief | leader_title1 = Mayor | area_total_km2 = | elevation_m = 2560 | population_as_of = | population_density_km2 = auto | population_blank1_title = Major Nationalities | population_blank1 = Han Tibetan | postal_code_type = Postal code | postal_code = 610000 | website = {{URL|www.kangding.gov.cn}} | population = | timezone = China Standard | utc_offset = +8 }}{{Infobox Chinese |title=Kangding |c=康定 |p=Kāngdìng |psp=Kangting |altname=Dartsedo (Darzêdo) |s2=打箭炉 |t2=打箭爐 |p2=Dǎjiànlú |tib={{bo-textonly|དར་རྩེ་མདོ།}} |wylie=dar rtse mdo |zwpy=Darzêdo |showflag=p |order=st }} Kangding ({{zh|c=康定}}), or Dartsedo ({{bo|t=དར་རྩེ་མདོ།}}; {{zh|c=打箭炉}}), is a county-level city and the seat of Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan province of Southwest China. Kangding's urban center is called Lucheng, which has around 100,000 inhabitants. NamesHistorically, the urban center was known by Chinese as Dajianlu (written also as Tachienlu or Tatsienlu) from the Chinese transliteration of the Tibetan name Dartsedo or Darzêdo. HistoryKangding was on the historical border between Tibet and China, from Kangding to the west lies Tibetan civilization where as to the east Chinese cultural areas; It was the capital of the Kingdom of Chakla. During its history, Kangding has witnessed many conflicts between Tibetan and Chinese polities. Kangding was for many centuries an important trading city where Chinese brick tea was carried by porters from Chengdu and other centres to trade for Tibetan wool.[1] A dispute involving the sovereignty over the city between Tibet and the Qing was resolved when the Manchu forces took the city by storm in the Battle of Dartsedo in 1701. On July 1, 1786 an earthquake of 7.75 on the Moment magnitude scale ruined nearly the entire city.[2] "Tachienlu is surely sui generis; there can be no other town quite like it. Situated eight thousand four hundred feet above the sea, it seems to lie at the bottom of a well, the surrounding snow-capped mountains towering perhaps fifteen thousand feet in the air above the little town which, small as it is, has hardly room to stand, while outside the wall there is scarcely a foot of level ground. It is wedged into the angle where three valleys come together, the Tar and the Chen rivers meeting just below the town to form the Tarchendo, and our first view of the place as we turned the cliff corner that here bars the gorge, was very striking, grey walls and curly roofs standing out sharply from the flanking hillsides."[3] The city was renamed 'Kangding' in 1904{{Citation needed|reason=Source needed to support this claim that the Chinese "changed the name" of this ancient Tibetan city of Dartsedo|date=January 2019}}. The American author Dorris Shelton Still, author of "Sue in Tibet", was born here. During time of the Republic of China administration, Kangding was the capital of the now-defunct province of Xikang. Dartsedo had a "reform through labor" prison or laogai after 1959. Jasper Becker in Mao's Secret Famine[4] wrote, "The highest death rate was probably experienced by the Tibetans imprisoned after the abortive revolt of 1959. One survivor, Ama Adhe, describes in A Strange Liberation: Tibetan Lives in Chinese Hands what happened at the Dartsedo camp bordering Sichuan. By the roadside the authorities opened a mass grave which was filled with corpses and gave off a terrible stench. 'Every day,' she recalls, 'they would deliver nine or ten truck loads of bodies to put there...' Of the 300 women arrested with her, only 100 survived." ClimateKangding has a monsoon-influenced climate, lying in the transition between a humid continental (Dwb) and a subtropical highland climate (Cwb) on the Köppen system. Despite the elevation of {{convert|2560|m}}, the diurnal temperature variation averages at most {{convert|10.6|C-change}} in any month. From April to September, rain is a very common occurrence, with around two-thirds of the days receiving some rainfall; in addition, 77% of the annual precipitation is delivered from May to September. Monthly daily average temperatures range from {{convert|−1.9|°C|1}} in January to {{convert|15.7|°C|1}} in July; the annual mean is {{convert|7.29|°C|1}}. Over the course of the year, the frost-free period lasts 177 days and there are 1,738 hours of sunshine. {{Weather box|width=auto|metric first=y |single line=y |collapsed = Y |location = Kangding (1981−2010) |Jan high C = 3.9 |Feb high C = 5.9 |Mar high C = 9.8 |Apr high C = 14.0 |May high C = 16.6 |Jun high C = 18.1 |Jul high C = 20.4 |Aug high C = 20.2 |Sep high C = 16.7 |Oct high C = 12.4 |Nov high C = 9.0 |Dec high C = 5.4 |Jan mean C = -1.9 |Feb mean C = -0.1 |Mar mean C = 3.5 |Apr mean C = 7.7 |May mean C = 11.0 |Jun mean C = 13.4 |Jul mean C = 15.7 |Aug mean C = 15.3 |Sep mean C = 12.1 |Oct mean C = 7.8 |Nov mean C = 3.5 |Dec mean C = -0.5 |year mean C = |Jan low C = -5.6 |Feb low C = -3.9 |Mar low C = -0.6 |Apr low C = 3.4 |May low C = 6.9 |Jun low C = 10.1 |Jul low C = 12.2 |Aug low C = 12.0 |Sep low C = 9.2 |Oct low C = 4.9 |Nov low C = 0.0 |Dec low C = -4.2 |Jan record high C = 22.2 |Jan record low C = -13.3 |Feb record high C = 23.2 |Feb record low C = -13.8 |Mar record high C = 30.1 |Mar record low C = -11.2 |Apr record high C = 27.3 |Apr record low C = -4.5 |May record high C = 29.4 |May record low C = -1.3 |Jun record high C = 26.5 |Jun record low C = 1.5 |Jul record high C = 28.3 |Jul record low C = 2.7 |Aug record high C = 27.5 |Aug record low C = 1.0 |Sep record high C = 26.4 |Sep record low C = 0.2 |Oct record high C = 21.2 |Oct record low C = -3.1 |Nov record high C = 20.5 |Nov record low C = -7.3 |Dec record high C = 17.8 |Dec record low C = -12.4 |year high C= |year low C= |year high F = |year low F = |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 5.6 |Feb precipitation mm = 12.4 |Mar precipitation mm = 38.7 |Apr precipitation mm = 62.7 |May precipitation mm = 108.0 |Jun precipitation mm = 172.9 |Jul precipitation mm = 125.4 |Aug precipitation mm = 119.2 |Sep precipitation mm = 127.6 |Oct precipitation mm = 63.8 |Nov precipitation mm = 16.3 |Dec precipitation mm = 5.8 |Jan humidity = 65 |Feb humidity = 67 |Mar humidity = 69 |Apr humidity = 70 |May humidity = 74 |Jun humidity = 80 |Jul humidity = 79 |Aug humidity = 79 |Sep humidity = 82 |Oct humidity = 81 |Nov humidity = 73 |Dec humidity = 65 |unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm |Jan precipitation days = 6.5 |Feb precipitation days = 9.8 |Mar precipitation days = 12.5 |Apr precipitation days = 17.4 |May precipitation days = 20.4 |Jun precipitation days = 23.1 |Jul precipitation days = 21.8 |Aug precipitation days = 19.7 |Sep precipitation days = 20.1 |Oct precipitation days = 14.8 |Nov precipitation days = 7.7 |Dec precipitation days = 5.2 |year precipitation days=179.0 | source 1 = China Meteorological Data Service Center[5] |source 2 = Weather China (precipitation days 1971-2000) }} Administrative divisionsKangding is divided into 3 towns and 18 townships:
DescriptionKangding is located in a valley of the Tibetan Plateau about {{convert|210|km}} west-southwest of Chengdu, the provincial capital, and {{convert|100|km}} west of Ya'an. It is a city populated by significant proportions of both Tibetans and Han, and is part of the historical Tibetan region of Kham. The raging Zheduo river flows through the city, thus the constant sound of water reverberates throughout much of the city. At the north end of Kangding near the bus station the Zheduo river converges with the Yala River. The city features a sizable square, People's Square, where young and old alike gather in the early hours of the morning to do Tai Chi, play badminton, or socialise. This square comes alive on the weekends as well, when families tend to fill it. Traditional Tibetan and Sichuanese restaurants are easily found throughout the city. Dentok, a Tibetan Buddhist monastery sits on the Paoma Mountain overlooking the city, and is accessible by cable car. As of October 2006, a stone amphitheatre is under construction at the upper monastery. It is a fast-growing city, with a rapidly developing tourist infrastructure, including a scenic cable car imported from Germany. In 2008 the PRC government opened an airport at Kangding in the province of Sichuan, with a {{convert|4000|m}} runway. At the time this was the second-highest in the world, at {{convert|4280|m}} above sea level,[6][7] with the highest position held by Qamdo Bamda Airport at 4,400m. Since 2013, with the opening of the Daocheng Yading Airport at an elevation 4,411m, Kangding Airport is the third highest in the world. The folk song Kangding Qingge enjoys popularity throughout China. Kangding contains some notable Buddhist monasteries, including Nanwu Si Monastery, Anjue Monastery and Jinggang Monastery. It was from 1857 the see of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Kangding, administered by Paris Foreign Missions Society. The Catholic church was destroyed during the Cultural Revolution and rebuilt in the 1980s. Today it is no longer in use and has been converted to shops and a hotel. Transport
ReferencesNotes1. ^Leffman, et al (2005), p. 946. 2. ^http://bssa.geoscienceworld.org/content/73/2/537.abstract "Source processes of large earthquakes along the Xianshuihe fault in southwestern China" 3. ^Kendall (1913), pp. 122-123. 4. ^{{cite book|last1=Becker|first1=Jasper|title=Hungry Ghosts: Mao's Secret Famine|date=1996|publisher=The Free Press|location=New York, NY|isbn=0-684-83457-X|page=186|edition=1st}} 5. ^{{cite web| url = http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherBk.html|script-title=zh:中国地面气候标准值月值(1981-2010)| publisher = China Meteorological Data Service Center| language = zh-hans| accessdate = 20 October 2018}} 6. ^Aviation Week & Space Technology Vol 169 No 17, "Second-Highest Airport", p. 26 7. ^"World's second highest airport opens in SW China" Kham Aid Foundation. Oct. 22, 2008 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090413071247/http://khamaid.org/about_kham/news/kangding_airport_first_flight.htm |date=2009-04-13 }} 8. ^{{Cite web|url=https://news.cgtn.com/news/3d3d674d79457a4e31457a6333566d54/share_p.html|title=An expressway linking Ya'an and Kangding in southwest China's Sichuan Province went into trial operation Monday morning. With a total length of about 135 kilometers, it costs about 23 billion yuan (3.3 billion U.S. dollars) and serves as the first express highway to Kangding City, capital of Sichuan's Garze Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture.|website=news.cgtn.com|access-date=2018-12-31}} 9. ^{{Cite web|url=http://news.cctv.com/2018/12/31/ARTIScsoABnJzBqe7n5mnjIP181231.shtml|title=川藏“新干线”雅康高速公路全线建成并试通车_新闻频道_央视网(cctv.com)|website=news.cctv.com|access-date=2018-12-31}} Bibliography
External links{{Commons category|Kangding}}
2 : Populated places in the Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture|Kangding |
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