“Kappa Cassiopeiae”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Kappa Cassiopeiae (κ Cas, κ Cassiopeiae) is a star in the constellation Cassiopeia.

κ Cassiopeiae has an unusual spectrum that has anomalously weak nitrogen lines, taken as an actual nitrogen deficiency in the atmosphere. This is indicated by the modified letter C. It is also interpolated to BC0.7, being slightly hotter than a standard B1 star.^[7]^[8] It is assumed to be a member of the Cas OB14 stellar association at about 1,100 parsecs, while its distance found from the Hipparcos parallax is 1,369 parsecs.^[8]

It is classified as an Alpha Cygni type variable star and its brightness varies by a few hundredths of a magnitude. Periods of two hours,^[9] nine days,^[10] and 2.65 days^[11] have been reported from observations at different times.

It is a runaway star, moving at around 2.5 million mph relative to its neighbors (1,100 kilometers per second). Its magnetic field and wind of particles creates a visible bow shock 4 light-years ahead of it, colliding with the diffuse, and usually invisible, interstellar gas and dust. This is about the same distance that Earth is from Proxima Centauri, the nearest star to the Sun.^[12] The dimensions of the bow shock are vast: around 12 light-years long and 1.8 light-years wide.^[13]

References

1. ^¹{{cite journal|bibcode=2009A&A...499..291K|title=Parameters of galactic early B supergiants. The influence of the wind on the interstellar extinction determination|journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics|volume=499|pages=291|author1=Kraus|first1=M.|last2=Borges Fernandes|first2=M.|last3=Kubát|first3=J.|year=2009|doi=10.1051/0004-6361/200810319}}
2. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷⁸⁹{{cite journal|bibcode=2002yCat.2237....0D|title=VizieR Online Data Catalog: Catalogue of Stellar Photometry in Johnson's 11-color system|journal=CDS/ADC Collection of Electronic Catalogues|volume=2237|author1=Ducati|first1=J. R.|year=2002}}
3. ^{{cite journal|bibcode=2009yCat....102025S|title=VizieR Online Data Catalog: General Catalogue of Variable Stars (Samus+ 2007-2013)|journal=VizieR On-line Data Catalog: B/gcvs. Originally published in: 2009yCat....102025S|volume=1|display-authors=etal|author1=Samus|first1=N. N.|last2=Durlevich|first2=O. V.|year=2009}}
4. ^{{cite journal|bibcode= 2006AstL...32..759G |title= Pulkovo Compilation of Radial Velocities for 35 495 Hipparcos stars in a common system |journal= Astronomy Letters |volume= 32 |issue= 11 |pages= 759 |author1= Gontcharov |first1= G. A. |year= 2006 |doi= 10.1134/S1063773706110065 |arxiv = 1606.08053 }}
5. ^¹{{cite journal|bibcode=2008A&A...481..777S|arxiv=0801.4289|title=Quantitative studies of the optical and UV spectra of Galactic early B supergiants. I. Fundamental parameters|journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics|volume=481|issue=3|pages=777|author1=Searle|first1=S. C.|last2=Prinja|first2=R. K.|last3=Massa|first3=D.|last4=Ryans|first4=R.|year=2008|doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20077125}}
6. ^{{cite journal|bibcode= 2014A&A...562A.135S|title= The IACOB project. I. Rotational velocities in northern Galactic O- and early B-type stars revisited. The impact of other sources of line-broadening|journal= Astronomy & Astrophysics|volume= 562|pages= A135|author1= Simón-Díaz|first1= S.|last2= Herrero|first2= A.|year= 2014|doi= 10.1051/0004-6361/201322758|arxiv = 1311.3360 }}
7. ^{{cite journal|bibcode=1971ApJS...23..257W|title=Some Spectroscopic Characteristics of the OB Stars: An Investigation of the Space Distribution of Certain OB Stars and the Reference Frame of the Classification|journal=Astrophysical Journal Supplement|volume=23|pages=257|author1=Walborn|first1=Nolan R.|year=1971|doi=10.1086/190239}}
8. ^¹{{cite journal|bibcode=1971ApJ...164L..67W|title=On the Existence of OB Stars with Anomalous Nitrogen and Carbon Spectra|journal=Astrophysical Journal|volume=164|pages=L67|author1=Walborn|first1=Nolan R.|year=1971|doi=10.1086/180693}}
9. ^{{cite journal|bibcode=1979IBVS.1697....1E|title=Spectroscopic and Photometric Variation of kappa Cas|journal=Information Bulletin on Variable Stars|volume=1697|pages=1|author1=Elst|first1=E. W.|year=1979}}
10. ^{{cite journal|bibcode=1981IBVS.1946....1P|title=Photometric Variability of kappa Cassiopeiae|journal=Information Bulletin on Variable Stars|volume=1946|pages=1|author1=Percy|first1=J. R.|year=1981}}
11. ^{{cite journal|bibcode=2002MNRAS.331...45K|title=New periodic variables from the Hipparcos epoch photometry|journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society|volume=331|pages=45|author1=Koen|first1=Chris|last2=Eyer|first2=Laurent|year=2002|doi=10.1046/j.1365-8711.2002.05150.x|arxiv = astro-ph/0112194 }}
12. ^{{cite web|last=Clavin|first=Whitney|title=The bow shock of Kappa Cassiopeiae, a massive, hot supergiant|date=21 February 2014|url=http://phys.org/news/2014-02-kappa-cassiopeiae-massive-hot-supergiant.html|publisher=Phys.org|accessdate=6 December 2016}}
13. ^{{cite journal|bibcode=2012A&A...538A.108P |title=E-BOSS: An Extensive stellar BOw Shock Survey. I. Methods and first catalogue |journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics |volume=538 |pages=A108 |author1=Peri |first1=C. S. |last2=Benaglia |first2=P. |last3=Brookes |first3=D. P. |last4=Stevens |first4=I. R. |last5=Isequilla |first5=N. L. |year=2012 |doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201118116 |arxiv = 1109.3689 }}

词条	Kappa Cassiopeiae
释义	References {{Starbox begin \| name = κ Cassiopeiae }}{{Starbox image \| image={{Location mark \|image=Cassiopeia constellation map.svg\|alt=\|float=center\|width=280 \|label=\|position=right \|mark=Red circle.svg\|mark_width=10\|mark_link=κ Cas \|x=490\|y=436 }} \|caption=Location of κ Cassiopeiae (circled) }}{{Starbox observe \| epoch = J2000.0 \| constell = Cassiopeia \| pronounce = \| ra = {{RA\|00\|32\|59.991}} \| dec = {{DEC\|+62\|55\|54.42}} \| appmag_v = 4.16^[1] }}{{Starbox character \| class = BC0.7 Ia^[1] \| appmag_1_passband = U \| appmag_1 = 3.50^[2] \| appmag_2_passband = B \| appmag_2 = 4.276^[2] \| appmag_3_passband = J \| appmag_3 = 4.141^[2] \| appmag_4_passband = H \| appmag_4 = 4.148^[2] \| appmag_5_passband = K \| appmag_5 = 4.013^[2] \| appmag_6_passband = \| appmag_6 = ^[2] \| appmag_7_passband = \| appmag_7 = \| appmag_8_passband = \| appmag_8 = \| r-i = \| v-r = \| b-v = +0.0869^[2] \| u-b = -0.776^[2] \| j-h = -0.0069^[2] \| j-k = +0.128^[2] \| variable=α Cyg^[3] }}{{Starbox astrometry \| radial_v = 0.30^[4] \| prop_mo_ra = 3.65 ± 0.17 \| prop_mo_dec = –2.07 ± 0.16 \| parallax = 0.73 \| p_error = 0.17 \| parallax_footnote = \| absmag_v = −7.00^[5]{{Starbox detail \| source = ^[5] \| mass = 33 \| radius = 33.0 \| gravity = 2.75 \| luminosity = 302,000 \| luminosity_visual = \| temperature = 23,500 \| metal = \| rotation = \| rotational_velocity = 66^[6] \| age = \| age_gyr = }}{{Starbox catalog \| names = 15 Cassiopeiae, HR 130, HD 2905, BD+62°102, FK5 16, HIP 2599, SAO 11256, GC 645 }}{{Starbox reference \|Simbad=Kappa+Cassiopeia }}{{Starbox end}} Kappa Cassiopeiae (κ Cas, κ Cassiopeiae) is a star in the constellation Cassiopeia. κ Cassiopeiae has an unusual spectrum that has anomalously weak nitrogen lines, taken as an actual nitrogen deficiency in the atmosphere. This is indicated by the modified letter C. It is also interpolated to BC0.7, being slightly hotter than a standard B1 star.^[7]^[8] It is assumed to be a member of the Cas OB14 stellar association at about 1,100 parsecs, while its distance found from the Hipparcos parallax is 1,369 parsecs.^[8] It is classified as an Alpha Cygni type variable star and its brightness varies by a few hundredths of a magnitude. Periods of two hours,^[9] nine days,^[10] and 2.65 days^[11] have been reported from observations at different times. It is a runaway star, moving at around 2.5 million mph relative to its neighbors (1,100 kilometers per second). Its magnetic field and wind of particles creates a visible bow shock 4 light-years ahead of it, colliding with the diffuse, and usually invisible, interstellar gas and dust. This is about the same distance that Earth is from Proxima Centauri, the nearest star to the Sun.^[12] The dimensions of the bow shock are vast: around 12 light-years long and 1.8 light-years wide.^[13] References 1. ^¹{{cite journal\|bibcode=2009A&A...499..291K\|title=Parameters of galactic early B supergiants. The influence of the wind on the interstellar extinction determination\|journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics\|volume=499\|pages=291\|author1=Kraus\|first1=M.\|last2=Borges Fernandes\|first2=M.\|last3=Kubát\|first3=J.\|year=2009\|doi=10.1051/0004-6361/200810319}} 2. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷⁸⁹{{cite journal\|bibcode=2002yCat.2237....0D\|title=VizieR Online Data Catalog: Catalogue of Stellar Photometry in Johnson's 11-color system\|journal=CDS/ADC Collection of Electronic Catalogues\|volume=2237\|author1=Ducati\|first1=J. R.\|year=2002}} 3. ^{{cite journal\|bibcode=2009yCat....102025S\|title=VizieR Online Data Catalog: General Catalogue of Variable Stars (Samus+ 2007-2013)\|journal=VizieR On-line Data Catalog: B/gcvs. Originally published in: 2009yCat....102025S\|volume=1\|display-authors=etal\|author1=Samus\|first1=N. N.\|last2=Durlevich\|first2=O. V.\|year=2009}} 4. ^{{cite journal\|bibcode= 2006AstL...32..759G \|title= Pulkovo Compilation of Radial Velocities for 35 495 Hipparcos stars in a common system \|journal= Astronomy Letters \|volume= 32 \|issue= 11 \|pages= 759 \|author1= Gontcharov \|first1= G. A. \|year= 2006 \|doi= 10.1134/S1063773706110065 \|arxiv = 1606.08053 }} 5. ^¹{{cite journal\|bibcode=2008A&A...481..777S\|arxiv=0801.4289\|title=Quantitative studies of the optical and UV spectra of Galactic early B supergiants. I. Fundamental parameters\|journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics\|volume=481\|issue=3\|pages=777\|author1=Searle\|first1=S. C.\|last2=Prinja\|first2=R. K.\|last3=Massa\|first3=D.\|last4=Ryans\|first4=R.\|year=2008\|doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20077125}} 6. ^{{cite journal\|bibcode= 2014A&A...562A.135S\|title= The IACOB project. I. Rotational velocities in northern Galactic O- and early B-type stars revisited. The impact of other sources of line-broadening\|journal= Astronomy & Astrophysics\|volume= 562\|pages= A135\|author1= Simón-Díaz\|first1= S.\|last2= Herrero\|first2= A.\|year= 2014\|doi= 10.1051/0004-6361/201322758\|arxiv = 1311.3360 }} 7. ^{{cite journal\|bibcode=1971ApJS...23..257W\|title=Some Spectroscopic Characteristics of the OB Stars: An Investigation of the Space Distribution of Certain OB Stars and the Reference Frame of the Classification\|journal=Astrophysical Journal Supplement\|volume=23\|pages=257\|author1=Walborn\|first1=Nolan R.\|year=1971\|doi=10.1086/190239}} 8. ^¹{{cite journal\|bibcode=1971ApJ...164L..67W\|title=On the Existence of OB Stars with Anomalous Nitrogen and Carbon Spectra\|journal=Astrophysical Journal\|volume=164\|pages=L67\|author1=Walborn\|first1=Nolan R.\|year=1971\|doi=10.1086/180693}} 9. ^{{cite journal\|bibcode=1979IBVS.1697....1E\|title=Spectroscopic and Photometric Variation of kappa Cas\|journal=Information Bulletin on Variable Stars\|volume=1697\|pages=1\|author1=Elst\|first1=E. W.\|year=1979}} 10. ^{{cite journal\|bibcode=1981IBVS.1946....1P\|title=Photometric Variability of kappa Cassiopeiae\|journal=Information Bulletin on Variable Stars\|volume=1946\|pages=1\|author1=Percy\|first1=J. R.\|year=1981}} 11. ^{{cite journal\|bibcode=2002MNRAS.331...45K\|title=New periodic variables from the Hipparcos epoch photometry\|journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society\|volume=331\|pages=45\|author1=Koen\|first1=Chris\|last2=Eyer\|first2=Laurent\|year=2002\|doi=10.1046/j.1365-8711.2002.05150.x\|arxiv = astro-ph/0112194 }} 12. ^{{cite web\|last=Clavin\|first=Whitney\|title=The bow shock of Kappa Cassiopeiae, a massive, hot supergiant\|date=21 February 2014\|url=http://phys.org/news/2014-02-kappa-cassiopeiae-massive-hot-supergiant.html\|publisher=Phys.org\|accessdate=6 December 2016}} 13. ^{{cite journal\|bibcode=2012A&A...538A.108P \|title=E-BOSS: An Extensive stellar BOw Shock Survey. I. Methods and first catalogue \|journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics \|volume=538 \|pages=A108 \|author1=Peri \|first1=C. S. \|last2=Benaglia \|first2=P. \|last3=Brookes \|first3=D. P. \|last4=Stevens \|first4=I. R. \|last5=Isequilla \|first5=N. L. \|year=2012 \|doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201118116 \|arxiv = 1109.3689 }} Vizier catalog entry }}{{Stars of Cassiopeia}} 10 : Alpha Cygni variables\|Bayer objects\|Flamsteed objects\|B-type supergiants\|Cassiopeia (constellation)\|Runaway stars\|HR objects\|Henry Draper Catalogue objects\|Hipparcos objects\|Durchmusterung objects
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