| 词条 | Kaptai Dam |
| 释义 |
| name = Kaptai Dam | name_official = | image = | image_size = 200px | image_caption = The dam's spillway | image_alt = | location_map = Bangladesh | location_map_size = | location_map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|22|29|40.11|N|92|13|31.53|E|type:landmark|display=inline,title}} | country = Bangladesh | location = Kaptai, Rangamati District | purpose = Power | status = O | construction_began = 1957 | opening = 1962 | demolished = | cost = | owner = | dam_type = Embankment | dam_height = {{Convert|45.7|m|abbr=on}} | dam_height_thalweg = | dam_height_foundation= | dam_length = {{Convert|670.6|m|abbr=on}} | dam_width_crest = {{Convert|7.6|m|abbr=on}} | dam_width_base = {{Convert|45.7|m|abbr=on}} | dam_volume = {{Convert|1977000|m3|abbr=on}} | dam_elevation_crest = | dam_crosses = Karnaphuli River | spillway_count = | spillway_type = Controlled, 16 gates | spillway_capacity = {{Convert|16000|m3/s|abbr=on}} | res_name = Kaptai Lake | res_capacity_total = {{Convert|6477000000|m3|acre.ft|abbr=on}} | res_capacity_active = | res_capacity_inactive= | res_catchment = {{Convert|11000|km2|abbr=on}} | res_surface = {{Convert|777|km2|abbr=on}} | res_elevation = {{Convert|33|m|abbr=on}} | res_max_depth = | res_max_length = | res_max_width = | res_tidal_range = | plant_operator = | plant_commission = 1962, 1982, 1988 | plant_decommission = | plant_type = | plant_turbines = 2 x {{convert|40|MW|abbr=on}}, 3 x {{convert|50|MW|abbr=on}} Kaplan-type | plant_capacity = {{convert|230|MW|abbr=on}} | plant_annual_gen = | website = | extra = }}Kaptai Dam ({{lang-bn|কাপ্তাই বাঁধ}}) is on the Karnaphuli River at Kaptai, {{convert|65|km}} upstream from Chittagong in Rangamati District, Bangladesh. It is an earth-fill embankment dam with a reservoir (known as Kaptai Lake) water storage capacity of {{Convert|6477|e6m3|acre.ft}}. The primary purpose of the dam and reservoir was to generate hydroelectric power. Construction was completed in 1962. The generators in the {{convert|230|MW}} Karnafuli Hydroelectric Power Station were commissioned between 1962 and 1988.[1] It is the only hydroelectric power station in Bangladesh.[2] HistoryA brief reconnaissance occurred in 1906 when the Karnafuli Hydropower Station was first contemplated. A second study was carried out in 1923. In 1946, E. A. Moore recommended the proposed project at Barkal about 65 kilometres upstream of present dam site at Kaptai. In 1950, the Marz Rendal Vatten Consulting Engineers suggested a site at Chilardak, about 45 kilometres upstream of Kaptai. In 1951, the government engineers proposed Chitmoram, {{convert|11|km}} downstream of the present site. Under the guidance of then chief engineer (Irrigation) Khwaja Azimuddin, the construction site was chosen in 1951. Utah International Inc. was selected as construction contractor. Construction of the dam started in 1957. ConstructionStarting in 1957, the initial phase of the construction was completed in 1962. By this time the dam, spillway, penstock and two 40 MW Kaplan turbine generators were built in the power station. In August 1982 a 50 MW generator was commissioned. In October 1988 the fourth and fifth generating units, both 50 MW Kaplan-type turbines, were installed which raised the total generation capacity to 230 MW.[3] The total cost of Unit 1, Unit 2 and a part of Unit 3 was Rs. 503 million and the total cost of extension was Tk. 1,900 million. The project was financed by the East Pakistan Government (at the time), United States and the Overseas Economic Cooperation Fund.[3][1] DescriptionThe earthen dam is {{convert|670|m}} long and {{convert|45.7|m}} wide with a 16-gate spillway on the left side.[1] The construction of the dam submerged {{convert|655|km2}} area. This included {{convert|220|km2}} of cultivable land, 40 percent of the cultivable land in the area, and displaced 18,000 families and 100,000 tribal people, of which 70% were Chakma. The dam flooded the original Rangamati town and other structures.[4] Social and ecological effectsInhabitants of the storage reservoir area who lost their homes and farmland due to flooding were not compensated. More than 40,000 Chakma tribals emigrated to Mizoram[5], India.[6] The scarcity of land is considered a main cause of the continuing conflict in the area.[4] The building of the dam and reservoir also caused destruction of wilderness and loss of wildlife and wildlife habitats.[1] Notes1. ^1 2 3 {{cite book |last=Bari |first=M Fazlul |year=2012 |chapter=Dam |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Dam |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Second |publisher=Asiatic Society of Bangladesh}} 2. ^{{Cite journal|title = People versus Power: The Geopolitics of Kaptai Dam in Bangladesh|last = Saila Parveen|first = I. M. Faisal|date = 21 July 2010|journal = International Journal of Water Resources Development|volume = 18|pages = 197–208|doi = 10.1080/07900620220121756|pmid = }} 3. ^1 {{cite web|title=Power Plants|url=http://www.bpdb.gov.bd/download/power_plants.pdf|publisher=Bangladesh Power Development Board|accessdate=15 March 2013|date=March 2010}} 4. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.internal-displacement.org/idmc/website/countries.nsf/(httpEnvelopes)/C2EA848CB001371D802570B8005A719E?OpenDocument |title=The construction of the Kaptai dam uproots the indigenous population (1957–1963) |publisher= |accessdate=1 February 2007 }} 5. ^{{cite web |last1=Chakravarty |first1=Ipsita |title=50 years on, Chakma refugees from Bangladesh are still denied citizenship rights in Arunachal |url=https://scroll.in/article/845129/50-years-on-chakma-refugees-from-bangladesh-are-still-denied-citizenship-rights-in-arunachal |website=Scroll |accessdate=27 January 2019}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/explained/how-chakmas-and-hajongs-settled-in-north-east-why-arunachal-worries-about-citizenship-4851866/|title=How Chakmas and Hajongs settled in North East, why Arunachal worries about citizenship|date=2017-09-20}} External links{{stack|{{Portal|Bangladesh|Water|Renewable energy}}}}{{Commons category|position=left|Kaptai}}
9 : Dams in Bangladesh|Earth-filled dams|Karnaphuli River|Buildings and structures in Chittagong Division|Rangamati Hill District|Dams completed in 1962|1962 establishments in Pakistan|Economy of Chittagong Division|History of Chittagong Division |
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