| 词条 | Karhade Brahmin |
| 释义 |
| group = Karhade (Karada) | total = | popplace = Primary populations in Maharashtra | langs = Marathi and Konkani (Karhadi dialect) }}Karhaḍe Brahmins are a sub-caste of Maharashtrian Brahmins.[1] The Karhades originally migrated from Karad, Satara district, Maharashtra. They migrated in search of livelihood and undertook to perform priestly services in several villages in different regions across Maharashtra, Karnataka and Goa.[2][3] OriginThe Karhada Brahman take the name from the town of Karad in Satara district, the sacred junction of the Koina and Krishna.[4] They migrated to the region between Malvan and Sangameshwar near the Konkan coast and made it their home land.The Karhade section, though it takes its name from Karad, a place in the Deccan region, is found chiefly in the Konkan coast.[5] Karhade Brahmins are generally thought to be a branch of the Deshastha Rigvedi's who immigrated from their home in Satara district to the southern part of Ratnagiri on the Konkan Coast, where they were principally settled.[6] Even British administrator Reginald Edward Enthoven said in his book "The Tribes And Castes Of Bombay", which is part of the Ethnographic Survey of India that "Karhades claimed to be Rigvedi Deshastha".[7] DemographicsAccording to 1901 census, the population of Karhade Brahmins was 32,426 out of which 16,813 were men and 15,613 were women.[8] But Unfortunately, beginning with 1941 Census no official figures for Karhade Brahmin population are available.[9] Most Karhade Brahmins live in Maharashtra and Karnataka though a significant population exists in Madhya Pradesh. A southern branch of the Karhade Brahmins settled around the Kasargod region of the Malabar coast and they are called the "Karada Brahmins" and share their traditions with Kerala Brahmins and the Brahmins of South Karnataka.[10][11][12] CultureTraditionally, the Karhade Brahmins were a community of priests who offer religious services in Hindu temple and to other communities.[13] The descriptions of the Karhades list intelligence, hard work, hospitable and well behaved among their attributes.[14] Cultivation is the primary occupation of Karhades, they also engaged in government and private sectors. They worship Krishna, Rama, Vishnu, Lakshmi, Durga and other deities and celebrate festivals like Diwali, Holi, Ganesh Chaturthi and Naga Panchami. They employ sacred specialists from their own community and also from the Chitpavan Brahmin community. Their educational standard is fairly good and many of them are employed in white-collar jobs.[15] Karhades are followers of Smarta tradition. They are essentially Rigvedi Brahmins and follow the Ashwalayana Sutra.[16] LanguageMarathi is the mother tongue of most of the Karhade Brahmins in Maharashtra[17], even though a minority spoke a dialect of Konkani called Karhadi Konkani in their homes.[18]DietTraditionally, Karhade Brahmins are vegetarian. Rice is their staple food. However, nowadays, some occasionally take non-vegetarian food.[19][20] Notable people
See also
References1. ^{{cite journal|last=Patterson|first=Maureen L. P. |title=Caste and Political Leadership in Maharashtra: A Review and Current Appraisal|journal=The Economic Weekly|date=25 September 1954|page=1065|url=http://www.epw.in/system/files/pdf/1954_6/39/caste_and_political_leadership_in_maharashtraa_review_and_current_appraisal.pdf|accessdate=14 October 2017}} 2. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=8nlqDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA97|title=Native Officialdom in Western India: Understanding the role of Maratha Hereditary-Officers|author=Abhijit Sirdesai|publisher=Abhijit Sirdesai Publications|accessdate=1 September 2017|page=97}} 3. ^{{cite book|title=A socio-cultural history of Goa from the Bhojas to the Vijayanagara|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=AGBuAAAAMAAJ|publisher=Institute Menezes Braganza|author=Vithal Raghavendra Mitragotri|year=1999|page=265}} 4. ^{{cite book|title=Kerala, Volume 1|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=qBQwAQAAIAAJ|author1=Kumar Suresh Singh|author2=T. Madhava Menon|author3=D. Tyagi|publisher=Affiliated East-West Press,Anthropological Survey of India|year=2002|page=576|quote=KARHADA BRAHMAN The Karhada Brahman take the name 'from the town of Karad in Satara, the sacred junction of the Koina and Krishna. They claim to be Rigvedi Deshastha' (Enthoven, 1987).}} 5. ^{{cite book|title=Bio-anthropological Research in India: Proceedings of the Seminar in Physical Anthropology and Allied Disciplines|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=IOsDAAAAMAAJ|author=Hirendra K. Rakshit|publisher=Anthropological Survey of India, Government of India|year=1975|page=68}} 6. ^{{cite book|title=The Chitpavans: social ascendancy of a creative minority in Maharashtra, 1818-1918|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Ez4wAQAAIAAJ|author=Sandhya Gokhale|publisher=Shubhi Publications|year=2008|page=28}} 7. ^{{cite book|title=The Tribes And Castes Of Bombay|url=https://archive.org/details/bk616|publisher=Cosmo Publications|year=1987|author=Enthoven R E|page=246}} 8. ^{{cite book|title=The Chitpavans: social ascendancy of a creative minority in Maharashtra, 1818-1918|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Ez4wAQAAIAAJ|author=Sandhya Gokhale|publisher=Shubhi Publications|year=2008|page=29}} 9. ^{{cite book|title=B.G. Kher, the Gentleman Premier|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=-EtAAAAAMAAJ|author=M. V. Kamath|publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan|year=1989|page=7}} 10. ^karhade bramhanancha itihas by v.v. athalye (page 37) 11. ^{{cite book|title=India's Communities, Volume 5|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=g9MVAQAAMAAJ|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1998|page=1583}} 12. ^{{cite book|title=Kerala, Volume 1|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=qBQwAQAAIAAJ|author1=Kumar Suresh Singh|author2=T. Madhava Menon|author3=D. Tyagi|publisher=Affiliated East-West Press,Anthropological Survey of India|year=2002|page=576}} 13. ^{{cite book|title=The Indian Encyclopaedia: Kamli-Kyouk Phyu|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=AYN0n0pzlpcC|author=Subodh Kapoor|publisher=Genesis Publishing|year=2002|page=3892}} 14. ^{{cite book|title=Konkan economy and society in transition, 1818-1920: with special reference to Ratnagiri, Malvan and Vengurla|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=JNfsAAAAMAAJ|author=Sheela Mohan Nabar|publisher=Serials Publications|accessdate=1 January 2005|page=293}} 15. ^{{cite book|title=India's Communities, Volume 5|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=g9MVAQAAMAAJ|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1998|page=1584|quote=Though cultivation is the main source of income for the Karhada Brahman, they are also engaged in government and private sectors. They worship Krishna, Rama, Vishnu, Lakshmi, Durga and other deities and celebrate festivals like Diwali, Holi, Ganesh Chaturthi and Nagapanchami.They employ sacred specialists from their own community and also from the Chitpavan Brahman community. Their educational standard is fairly good and many of them are employed in white-collar jobs.}} 16. ^{{cite book|title=Karnataka State Gazetteer: Belgaum|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=8Lm1AAAAIAAJ|publisher=Director of Print, Stationery and Publications at the Govt. Press|year=1987|page=199|quote=The Karhades are the followers of Rigveda and belong to the Smartha sect}} 17. ^{{cite book|title=A socio-cultural history of Goa from the Bhojas to the Vijayanagara|author=Vithal Raghavendra Mitragotri|publisher=Institute Menezes Braganza|year=1999|page=49|quote=It may be mentioned that the mother tongue of Karhades is not Konkani but Marathi}} 18. ^{{cite book|title=International Encyclopedia of Linguistics: 4-Volume Set|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=sl_dDVctycgC|author=William Frawley|publisher=Oxford University Press, USA|year=2003|page=134}} 19. ^{{cite book|title=India's Communities, Volume 5|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=g9MVAQAAMAAJ|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1998|page=1804,2079|quote= (quote on page 2079): Among them the Chitpavan, Desastha, Karhade and Devdny Brahman are pure vegetarian though nowadays, they occasionally take non-vegetarian food.|isbn=9780195633542}} 20. ^{{cite book|title=Fairs and Festivals of India: Chhattisgarh, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu, Goa, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=pQfgAAAAMAAJ|author1=Dr. Krishna Gopal|author2=Phal S. Girota|publisher=Gyan Publishing House|year=2003|page=63|quote=The Karhade Brahmans are vegetarian and rice is their staple food.}} 21. ^Tucker, R., 1976. Hindu Traditionalism and Nationalist Ideologies in Nineteenth-Century Maharashtra. Modern Asian Studies, 10(3), pp.321-348. 22. ^{{cite book| title= Women Against the Raj: The Rani of Jhansi Regiment| author= Joyce Lebra|quote=Myth and history intertwine closely in the life if the Rani of Jhansi, known in childhood as Manu...She was born in the holy city of Varanasi to a Karhada brahmin , Moropant Tambe|url=https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=fuw1Wt1-O7EC&oi=fnd&pg=PA2#v=onepage&q&f=false|page=2}} 23. ^{{cite book|last1=Karve|first1=D.D.|title=The New Brahmans: Five Maharashtrian Families|date=1963|publisher=Univ of California Press|location=Berkeley and Los Angeles|page=5|url=https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=hu4mJpKiXPgC&oi=fnd&pg=PA1}} 24. ^{{cite book|last1=Natarajan|first1=ed. by Nalini|title=Handbook of twentieth century literatures of India|date=1996|publisher=Greenwood Press|location=Westport, Conn. [u.a.]|isbn=9780313287787|pages=219,221,227|edition=1. publ.|url=https://books.google.com/}} 25. ^{{cite book|title=B.G. Kher, the Gentleman Premier|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=-EtAAAAAMAAJ|author=M. V. Kamath|publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan|year=1989|page=5|quote=Pandit Govind Ballabh Pant was a Karhade Brahmin whose ancestors went north from Karhatak.}} 26. ^{{cite book |last=Patterson |first=Maureen L. P. |year=1968 |chapter=Chitpavan Brahmin Family Histories: Sources for a Study of Social Structure and Social Change in Maharashtra |title=Structure and Change in Indian society |page=533 |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=IWQ-DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT532 |publisher=Transaction Publishers |editor1-first=Milton |editor1-last=Singer |editor2-first=Bernard S. |editor2-last=Cohn}} 27. ^{{cite book|last1=Sharma|first1=Jyotirmaya|title=Terrifying vision : M.S. Golwalkar, the RSS, and India|date=2007|publisher=Penguin, Viking|location=New Delhi|isbn=978-0670999507|page=x|url=https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=ozLMmp6pcJ4C&oi=fnd&pg=PR9}} Bibliography
3 : Brahmin communities of Maharashtra|Indian family names|Hindu communities |
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