| 词条 | Karl Helfferich |
| 释义 |
|name = Karl Helfferich |image = Karl Helfferich.jpg |caption = Karl Helfferich |office = Vice Chancellor of the German Empire |term_start = 22 May 1916 |term_end = 24 October 1917 |chancellor = Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg Georg Michaelis Georg von Hertling |predecessor = Clemens von Delbrück |successor = Friedrich von Payer |office2 = Secretary of State of the Interior |term_start2 = 22 May 1916 |term_end2 = 23 October 1917 |chancellor2 = Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg Georg Michaelis Georg von Hertling |predecessor2 = Clemens von Delbrück |successor2 = Max Wallraf |office3 = Secretary of State of the Treasury |term_start3 = 21 January 1915 |term_end3 = 22 May 1916 |chancellor3 = Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg |predecessor3 = Hermann Kühn |successor3 = Siegfried von Roedern |birth_name=Karl Theodor Helfferich |birth_date = {{birth date|1872|07|22|df=y}} |birth_place = Neustadt an der Weinstraße, Rhineland-Palatinate |death_date = {{death date and age|1924|04|23|1872|07|22|df=y}} |death_place = Bellinzona, Switzerland |nationality = German |party = |spouse = Annette, b. von Siemens |children = |alma_mater = University of Berlin University of Munich University of Strasbourg |occupation = Lawyer, economist |religion = Protestant[1] |signature = |footnotes = }}Karl Theodor Helfferich (22 July 1872 – 23 April 1924) was a German politician, economist, and financier from Neustadt an der Weinstraße in the Palatinate.[2] BiographyHelfferich studied law and political science at the universities of Munich, Berlin, and Strasbourg. He taught at the University of Berlin and later at the government school for colonial politics and oriental languages. In 1902 he entered upon a diplomatic career. He soon became a leader in the German government's policy of economic imperialism, and in 1906 he was appointed director of the Anatolian Railway which was financed by Deutsche Bank. In 1908 he was made chairman of the directorship of the powerful Deutsche Bank in Berlin.[2] At the close of the Balkan War, Helfferich was the German financial delegate to the international conference (1913). He was Secretary for the Treasury from 1916 to 1917, and was said to be responsible for financing expenses for World War I through loans instead of taxes. He counted upon a final German victory and upon imposing heavy indemnities upon the Allies.[2] He also served as Vice-Chancellor for Chancellors Georg Michaelis and Georg von Hertling. After the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, Helfferich was sent to Moscow as the German Ambassador to Russia, succeeding Wilhelm Mirbach, who was assassinated. Elected to the Reichstag of 1920, Helfferich led the conservative and monarchist right, known as the Deutsch-Nationalen, and strongly opposed reparations and the economic fulfillment of the Versailles Treaty. In particular, he directed his denunciations against the democratic Catholic leader Matthias Erzberger, against whom he had a celebrated lawsuit in 1920.[2] Helfferich was a prominent politician of the German National People's Party (DNVP) and gave radical antirepublican speeches against politicians who supported reparations fulfilment. In June 1920 he was selected as spokesman in the Reichstag for the parliamentary committee of inquiry into policies during the war, which he defended. During the 1923 hyperinflation, Helfferich developed a plan for a new rye currency, indexed to the price (in paper marks) of rye and other agriculture products.[3][4] His plan was rejected because of the extreme variability in the price of rye compared to other commodities, but many of his plan elements were incorporated in the successful RentenMmrk, which began circulation on 15 November 1923. At the end of 1923, when Helfferich applied for the post of Reichbank president, he was rejected in favor of Hjalmar Schacht. Helfferich was killed in a railway wreck near Bellinzona, Switzerland, on 23 April 1924.[5] LegacyHis publications comprise chiefly economic and political studies. Works
See also
References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.deutsche-biographie.de/sfz29487.html|title=Helfferich, Karl - Deutsche Biographie|first=Deutsche|last=Biographie|website=www.deutsche-biographie.de}} 2. ^1 2 {{Cite EB1922|wstitle=Helfferich, Karl}} 3. ^{{Citation |title=The German Inflation, 1914-1923 |first=Carl-Ludwig |last=Holtfrerich |lastauthoramp=yes |first2=Theo |last2=Balderston |year=1986 |location=New York |publisher=De Gruyter |pages=315–318 |isbn=3-11-009714-1 }}. 4. ^{{Citation |title=The Great Inflation, Germany 1919-23 |first=William |last=Guttmann |first2=Patricia |last2=Meehan |year=1975 |publisher=Saxon House |location=Farnborough |pages=206–207 |isbn=0-347-00017-7 }}. 5. ^1 {{cite news |author= |title=Helfferich Killed In Swiss Disaster. Death Of German Nationalist Chief Is Established By Finding Of Passport. His Body Not Identified Those Of Other Bellinzona Victims Charred Beyond Recognition. Four Americans Safe |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9807E5D71539EF32A25756C2A9629C946595D6CF&legacy=true |quote= |newspaper=New York Times |date=April 25, 1924 }} Further reading
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18 : 1872 births|1924 deaths|People from Neustadt an der Weinstraße|Government ministers of Germany|People of the Weimar Republic|German Protestants|Germany–Soviet Union relations|Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich alumni|University of Strasbourg alumni|Humboldt University of Berlin alumni|Humboldt University of Berlin faculty|People from the Palatinate (region)|Ambassadors of Germany to Russia|German National People's Party politicians|Vice-Chancellors of Germany|Members of the Reichstag of the Weimar Republic|German male writers|German monarchists |
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