| 词条 | Karl Jäger |
| 释义 |
| name = Karl Jäger | image = Karl Jaeger (Nazi official).jpg | caption = | birth_date = {{birth date|1888|09|20|df=y}} | death_date = {{death date and age|1959|06|22|1888|09|20|df=y}} | birth_place = Schaffhausen, Switzerland | death_place = Hohenasperg, Germany | nickname = | allegiance = {{flag|German Empire}} {{flag|Nazi Germany}} | branch = Waffen-SS | serviceyears = 1914–1918 1933–1945 | rank = Standartenführer (Colonel) | unit = Einsatzkommando 3 }}{{Audio|Karl Jäger.ogg|Karl Jäger}} (20 September 1888 – 22 June 1959) was a Swiss-born German mid-ranking official in the SS of Nazi Germany and Einsatzkommando leader who perpetrated acts of genocide during the Holocaust.[1] Early life and careerJäger was born in Schaffhausen, Switzerland, and moved with his father to Germany when he was aged three. In World War I he joined the German Imperial Army, where he received the Iron Cross (1st Class) and other awards. After World War I, Jäger, an orchestrion maker by profession, obtained a managerial position with the Weber orchestrion factory in Waldkirch. He joined the Nazi Party in 1923 (party no. 30988) and founded the local party chapter, as a result of which he became known as "Waldkirch's Hitler" among the Alte Kämpfer (Old Fighters), as those who had joined before the Reichstag election of September 1930 called themselves. The Weber company went bankrupt in 1931,[1] and he was unemployed for several years. According to his own claims he spurned unemployment benefits from the government of the Weimar Republic, which he despised, so by 1934 he had used up all his savings and his wife Emma separated from him, though their divorce was not formalized until 1940.[1] However, by May 1933 the NSDAP faction in the Prussian state parliament, and in July 1933 Deputy NSDAP Führer Rudolf Hess had officially decreed that well paid employment had to be found for Alte Kämpfer on a preferential basis.[2] He joined the SS in 1932 (serial no. 62823), and soon built a 100-strong troop in his small hometown of Waldkirch. His rise within the SS began in 1935[1] when he was assigned to Ludwigsburg and then to Ravensburg. After attracting the attention of Heinrich Himmler he was called to the Sicherheitsdienst (SD) headquarters in Berlin in 1938 where he successfully completed a course of studies, and was promoted to head of the local SD office in Münster in 1939. During the invasion of the Netherlands on 10 May 1940, Jäger was named commander of Einsatzkommando 3, a unit of Einsatzgruppe A. Also in 1940 he was promoted to the rank of Standartenführer, the equivalent of a colonel in the German army.[3] Mass murders in eastern EuropeJäger was instrumental in the brutal and systematic destruction of the Jewish community of Lithuania. From July 1941 until September 1943 Jäger served as commander of the SD Einsatzkommando 3a, a sub-unit of Einsatzgruppe A under Franz Walter Stahlecker, in Kaunas. Under Jäger's command, the Einsatzkommando, with the help of Lithuanians, shot Jewish men, women and children indiscriminately. It perpetrated the Ninth Fort massacres of November 1941.[4] During this time, reports detailing calculated acts of mass murder were routinely submitted to his superiors. Some of these reports survived the war and are collectively referred to as the "Jäger Report". Reassigned back to Germany near the end of 1943 after a nervous breakdown occasioned by the mass murders he had participated in, Jäger was appointed commander of the SD in Reichenberg in the Sudetenland, and precluded from further promotions due to what the SS saw as a "lack of strength of nerve."[3] The Jäger ReportThe actions by Einsatzkommando 3, including the Rollkommando Hamann killing squad were tallied by Jäger himself. The report keeps an almost daily running total of the liquidations of 137,346 people. The "Jäger Report" provides a detailed account of the murderous rampage of this "special squad" in Nazi-occupied Lithuania. Escape, capture, and suicideJäger was able to assimilate back into society as a farm hand until his report was discovered in March 1959. Arrested and charged with his crimes, Jäger committed suicide by hanging himself in prison in Hohenasperg while he was awaiting trial in June 1959. Notes and references1. ^1 2 3 {{cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cGcc1iukDIsC&pg=PA80&dq=%22J%C3%A4gers+Karriere+in+der+SS+1936%E2%80%931941%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=jVftUce2J8LOyAGE64DoCA&ved=0CDAQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22J%C3%A4gers%20Karriere%20in%20der%20SS%201936%E2%80%931941%22&f=false | title=Jägers Karriere in der SS 1936–1941 | publisher=Böhlau Verlag Köln Weimar | work=Holocaust in Litauen: Krieg, Judenmorde und Kollaboration im Jahre 1941 | year=2003 | accessdate=22 July 2013 |author1=Vincas Bartuseviécius |author2=Joachim Tauber |author3=Wolfram Wette | authorlink3=Wolfram Wette | pages=80–82 | isbn=3412139025}} 2. ^Frank Bajohr: Parvenüs und Profiteure - Korruption in der NS-Zeit. Frankfurt am Main 2004, {{ISBN|3-596-15388-3}}, pages 22 and 23. 3. ^1 "Der Waldkircher Hitler" By Wolfram Wette in Spiegel Online, 10 March 2008, retrieved 10 November 2018. 4. ^{{Cite book |last= Friedlander |first= Henry |author-link= Henry Friedlander | title= The Origins of Nazi Genocide: From Euthanasia To The Final Solution |location= Chapel Hill, NC |publisher= University of North Carolina Press |year= 1995 |ref= B1995 |page= 289}}
16 : 1888 births|1959 deaths|People from Schaffhausen|Swiss Nazis|Nazis who committed suicide in prison custody|History of Kaunas|Holocaust perpetrators in Lithuania|SS-Standartenführer|Swiss emigrants to Germany|Holocaust perpetrators in Latvia|Holocaust perpetrators in Estonia|Holocaust perpetrators in Belarus|Einsatzgruppen personnel|Nazis who committed suicide by hanging in Germany|Recipients of the Iron Cross (1914), 1st class|Nazis who served in World War I |
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