| 词条 | Kashtan CIWS | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Kortik / Kashtan | image = Кортик на корвете Стерегущий.jpg | image_size = 324 | caption = A Kortik combat module (missiles absent) | origin = Soviet Union, Russia | type = Close-in weapon system | is_ranged = YES | is_explosive = YES | is_artillery = YES | is_vehicle = YES | is_missile = YES | service = 1989–present[1][2] | used_by = See Operators | wars = | designer = Developer: KBP (Arkady Shipunov)[1][2] Fire control system: RATEP[1] | design_date = Late 1970s–? | manufacturer = Tulamashzavod, RATEP[1][3] | unit_cost = | production_date = 1989–present | number = | variants = Kortik-M / Kashtan-M[1][2][4] | spec_label = | weight = {{convert|15500|kg|abbr=on}} (Kashtan)[1] {{convert|12500|kg|abbr=on}} (Kashtan-M)[1] | length = | part_length = | width = | height = {{convert|2250|mm|abbr=on}} (above deck)[1][2] | diameter = | crew = | cartridge = HEI-Frag, Frag-T, APDS-T[1][5] | cartridge_weight = {{convert|0.39|kg|abbr=on}} (HEIF, FT)[6] {{convert|0.30|kg|abbr=on}} (APDS-T)[6] | caliber = 30×165mm AO-18[7] | barrels = 2 × 6 (guns); 2 × 4 launch tubes | action = Gas-operated rotary cannon | rate = Kashtan:[8] 9,000 rounds/min (guns)[1] Kashtan-M:[8] 1–2 (salvo) missiles per 3–4 sec[1] 10,000 rounds/min (guns)[1][2] | velocity = {{convert|860|m/s|abbr=on}} (HEIF, FT)[1] Kashtan-M: {{convert|960|m/s|abbr=on}} (HEIF, FT)[1][2] {{convert|1100|m/s|abbr=on}} (APDS-T)[1][2] | range = By missiles: Kashtan:[1][2][4] {{convert|1500|–|8000|m|abbr=on}} Kashtan-M:[1][2][4] {{convert|1500|–|10000|m|abbr=on}} By guns: Kashtan: (range, altitude) {{convert|500|–|4000|m|abbr=on}},[1][4] {{convert|3000|m|abbr=on}}[1][4] Kashtan-M: {{convert|300|–|5000|m|abbr=on}}[2][4] | max_range = | feed = Link-less, helical; 1000 rounds[1][9] | sights = Radar / TV-optical:[4][10] 2–3/1 m (6.6–9.8/3.3 ft) accuracy,[1] tracks 6 targets simultaneously[1] | breech = | recoil = | carriage = | elevation = | traverse = | filling = Continuous-rod w/ frag layer[1][2][4] | filling_weight = | detonation = | yield = | primary_armament = 8 × 9M311K + 32 missiles[1][11][12] Kashtan-M: 8 × 9M311-1E + 24 missiles[9][11] | secondary_armament = 2 × AO-18K autocannon[1] Kashtan-M: 2 × AO-18KD autocannon[2][4] | engine = | engine_power = | pw_ratio = | transmission = | payload_capacity = | suspension = | clearance = | fuel_capacity = | vehicle_range = | speed = {{convert|910|m/s|abbr=on}}[1] | guidance = | steering = | wingspan = | propellant = | ceiling = | altitude = {{convert|3500|m|abbr=on}} (Kashtan)[1][2] {{convert|6000|m|abbr=on}} (Kashtan-M)[1][4] | boost = | accuracy = | launch_platform = | transport = }} The Kortik ({{lang-ru|Кортик}}, English: Dirk) close-in weapon system (CIWS) is a modern naval air defence gun-missile system deployed by the Russian Navy. Its export version is Kashtan ({{lang-ru|Каштан}}, English: Chestnut), with NATO designation CADS-N-1 Kashtan.[13][14] It is found on the aircraft carrier Admiral Kuznetsov, Kirov class battlecruisers, Neustrashimy class frigates, China's Sovremenny class destroyers, and other modern designs. Most typically deployed as a combined gun and missile system, it provides defence against anti-ship missiles, anti-radar missiles and guided bombs. The system can also be employed against fixed- or rotary-wing aircraft or even surface vessels such as fast attack boats or targets on shore. The Kortik will be replaced in Russian Navy service by the Pantsir-M CIWS, which uses similar rotary cannons but different missile and radar systems.[15] DesignThe weapon is a modular system consisting of a command module and typically two combat modules, as in the case of the two Sovremennyy-class destroyers Taizhou (ex-Vnushitelnyy) and Ningbo (ex-Vechnyy) in Chinese service, although the number can be as many as 8 in the case of Admiral Kuznetsov. The command module detects and tracks threats, distributes targeting data to the combat modules, and interrogates IFF of approaching threats. The command module has a 3-D target detection radar, and an all weather multi-band integrated control system. Depending on the number of installed combat modules, the system can engage multiple targets simultaneously. The combat modules automatically track using either radar, electro-optronic control system (such as FLIRs) or both, and then engages targets with missiles and guns. The combat modules are typically equipped with two GSh-30K (AO-18K) six-barrel 30 mm rotary cannons, fed by a link-less feeding mechanism, and two 9M311-1 missile launchers equipped with 4 ready-to-fire missiles each and fed by a reloading system storing 32 missiles in ready-to-launch containers. The guns used in the Kortik are the GSh-30K six-barrel 30 mm rotary cannon. Individually, each GSh-30K has a higher rate of fire compared to other guns used by other CIWS such as the GAU-8 on the Goalkeeper and the M61 Vulcan on the Phalanx. Along with a high rate of fire, the fairly heavy round ({{Convert|390|g|abbr=on|disp=or}}) used by the Kortik is comparable to the DPU rounds of the GAU-8 Avenger ({{Convert|425|g|abbr=on|disp=or}}), although the muzzle velocity (and therefore both the kinetic energy and effective range) is slightly lower, partially offsetting the high caliber and rate of fire. The missiles used in the Kortik are the 9M311 missiles, which is also used on the 9K22 Tunguska. The 9M311 is a SACLOS guided missile, however, it is steered automatically by the command module. The warhead weighs {{Convert|9|kg}} and is either laser or radio fused. The warhead is a continuous-rod warhead with a steel cube fragmentation layer. The detonation of the warhead will form a complete circle of fragmentation that is 5 meters in radius, and damage or destroy anything in that circle. The combination of the missiles and guns, provides more comprehensive protection when compared to other CIWS utilising either missiles or guns only. The system's combined kill probability is 0.96 to 0.99.[1][4] Variants
Specifications
OperatorsCurrent operators
Former operators
See also
Notes1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 {{cite web |title=3M87 Kortik / Kashtan (SA-N-11 Grison) System |language=Russian |date=17 January 2009 – 22 May 2011 |website=MilitaryRussia.ru |url=http://militaryrussia.ru/blog/topic-16.html |accessdate=25 March 2013}} 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 {{cite web |title="Kortik" ("Kashtan", 3M87, SA-N-11, Grison), Naval Close-in Weapon System |language=Russian |website=Arms-Expo.ru |publisher=Информационное агентство «Оружие России» |url=http://www.arms-expo.ru/049055052048124049053050054.html |accessdate=25 March 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130413025726/http://www.arms-expo.ru/049055052048124049053050054.html |archivedate=13 April 2013 |df=dmy-all }} 3. ^{{cite web |title=Air Defence Missile-Gun System "KASHTAN-M" |website=Radio Engineering Enterprise RATEP |publisher=Almaz-Antey |url=http://www.oao-ratep.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=355:air-defence-missile-gun-system-kashtan&catid=53:military-products&Itemid=274 |accessdate=29 March 2013}} 4. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 {{cite web |title=Kashtan, Kashtan-M, CADS-N-1, Palma, Palash close in weapon systems (CIWS) |date=7 October 2011 |website=Navy Recognition |publisher= |url=http://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php/east-european-navies-vessels-ships-equipment/russian-navy-vessels-ships-equipment/weapons-a-systems/123-kashtan-kashtan-m-kashtan-lr-cads-n-1-close-in-weapon-system-ciws-.html |accessdate=29 March 2013}} 5. ^{{cite web |title=30 mm AK-630 System |language=Russian |date=19 January 2009 – 4 July 2010 |website=MilitaryRussia.ru |url=http://militaryrussia.ru/blog/topic-69.html |accessdate=22 March 2013}} 6. ^1 {{cite book |last=Koll |first=Christian |title=Soviet Cannon - A Comprehensive Study of Soviet Arms and Ammunition in Calibres 12.7mm to 57mm |year=2009 |pages=289–296 |publisher=Koll |location=Austria |url=http://www.russianammo.org/Russian_Ammunition_Page_30mm.html#14 |isbn=978-3-200-01445-9}} 7. ^Not compatible with the army 30×165mm ammunition. 8. ^1 6–8 sec reaction time. Kashtan-M: 5–7 sec (3–6 sec according to other sources). 9. ^1 {{cite web |title=Naval Air-Defense Missile/Gun System "KASHTAN–M" |publisher=KBP Instrument Design Bureau |url=http://www.kbptula.ru/eng/zencom/kashtan_m.htm |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070504025957/http://www.kbptula.ru/eng/zencom/kashtan_m.htm |archivedate=4 May 2007}} 10. ^Kashtan-M can be equipped with radar and optics, only radar or only optics. 11. ^1 1.5 minutes reload time. 12. ^Kashtan is compatible with the Kashtan-M's 9M311-1E missiles. 13. ^http://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php/east-european-navies-vessels-ships-equipment/russian-navy-vessels-ships-equipment/weapons-a-systems/123-kashtan-kashtan-m-kashtan-lr-cads-n-1-close-in-weapon-system-ciws-.html 14. ^http://www.redstar.gr/Foto_red/Eng/Other/KashtanM.html 15. ^Pantsir-M Naval Air Defense Missile/Gun System to Enter Service with Russian Navy Before Year-End - Navyrecognition.com, 28 February 2017 References{{Reflist}}
External links{{Commons category|Kortik (CIWS)}}{{en icon}}
12 : Weapons of Russia|30 mm artillery|Sea radars|Rotary cannon|Close-in weapon systems|Naval anti-aircraft guns|Naval surface-to-air missiles|Surface-to-air missiles of Russia|Cold War weapons of the Soviet Union|Surface-to-air missiles of the Soviet Union|KBP Instrument Design Bureau products|Tulamashzavod products |
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