请输入您要查询的百科知识：

　

词条 Kathrine Switzer
释义

  1. Life and career

     1967 Boston Marathon  Later competition, work, and honors 

  2. Personal life

  3. Achievements

  4. References

  5. External links

{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2017}}{{Infobox person/Wikidata
| name = Kathrine Switzer
| image = Kathrine Switzer at the 2011 Berlin Marathon Expo.jpg
| caption = Kathrine Switzer at the 2011 Berlin Marathon expo
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1947|1|5}}
| birth_place = Amberg, Germany
| death_date =
| death_place =
| height =
| occupation = Runner and author
| years_active =
| salary =
| alma_mater = Syracuse University
| education = George C. Marshall High School
| spouse = Tom Miller (1968–1973)
Philip Schaub
Roger Robinson (1987–)
| networth =
| website = {{URL|http://www.kathrineswitzer.com/}}
}}Kathrine Virginia "Kathy" Switzer (born January 5, 1947, in Amberg, Germany[1]) is an American marathon runner, author, and television commentator.[2]

In 1967, she became the first woman to run the Boston Marathon as a numbered entrant. During her run, race official Jock Semple attempted to stop Switzer and grab her official bib; however, he was shoved to the ground by Switzer's boyfriend, Thomas Miller, who was running with her, and she completed the race. It was not until 1972 that women were allowed to run the Boston Marathon officially.[3]

Life and career

Kathrine Switzer was born in Amberg, Germany, the daughter of a major in the United States Army. Her family returned to the United States in 1949.[4] She graduated from George C. Marshall High School in Fairfax County, Virginia, then attended Lynchburg College.[5] She transferred to Syracuse University in 1967, where she studied journalism and English literature.[6][5] She earned a bachelor's degree there in 1968 and a master's degree in 1972. In 1979, the Supersisters trading card set was produced and distributed; one of the cards featured Switzer's name and picture.[7]

1967 Boston Marathon

After her coach insisted a marathon was too far to run for a "fragile woman",[8] Switzer trained for and completed the 1967 Boston Marathon under entry number 261 with the Syracuse Harriers athletic club.[6] It was another five years before women were officially allowed to compete. Her finishing time of approximately 4 hours and 20 minutes was nearly an hour behind the first female finisher, Bobbi Gibb, who ran unregistered.[9] She registered under the gender-neutral "K. V. Switzer", which she said was not done to mislead the officials. She stated she had long used "K. V. Switzer" to sign the articles she wrote for her university paper.[10] She also stated that her name had been misspelled on her birth certificate, so she often used her initials to avoid confusion.[11] Photographs of race official Jock Semple attempting to rip Switzer's number off were widespread in the media.[12]

Switzer was issued a number through an "oversight" in the entry screening process, and was treated as an interloper when the error was discovered.[13] Semple attempted to physically remove her from the race while shouting, "Get the hell out of my race and give me those numbers!"[14] Switzer's boyfriend, Tom Miller, a 235-pound ex-All American football player and nationally ranked hammer thrower who was running with her, shoved Semple aside and sent him flying to the pavement, allowing her to proceed.[15][16][17] Photographs taken of the incident made world headlines.[10][18]

Afterward, Boston Athletic Association director Will Cloney was asked his opinion of Switzer competing in the race. Cloney said, "Women can't run in the Marathon because the rules forbid it. Unless we have rules, society will be in chaos. I don't make the rules, but I try to carry them out. We have no space in the Marathon for any unauthorized person, even a man. If that girl were my daughter, I would spank her."[6]

Because of her run, the AAU barred women from all competitions with male runners, with violators losing the right to compete in any races.[19] Switzer, with other women runners, tried to convince the Boston Athletic Association to allow women to participate in the marathon. Finally, in 1972, women were officially allowed to run the Boston Marathon for the first time.[3]

According to Switzer, she understood the gravity of her participation and accomplishment:

{{quote frame|text=I knew if I quit, nobody would ever believe that women had the capability to run 26-plus miles. If I quit, everybody would say it was a publicity stunt. If I quit, it would set women's sports back, way back, instead of forward. If I quit, I'd never run Boston. If I quit, Jock Semple and all those like him would win. My fear and humiliation turned to anger.[20]}}

Later competition, work, and honors

Switzer was the women's winner of the 1974 New York City Marathon, with a time of 3:07:29 (59th overall).[21][22] Her personal best time for the marathon distance is 2:51:37, at Boston in 1975.[23]

Switzer was named Female Runner of the Decade (1967–77) by Runner's World Magazine and later became a television commentator for marathons, starting with the 1984 Olympic women's marathon, and received an Emmy for her work.[3][24] She wrote Running and Walking for Women over 40 in 1997. She released her memoir, Marathon Woman, in April 2007, on the 40th anniversary of her first running of the Boston Marathon. In April 2008, Marathon Woman won the Billie Award for journalism for its inspiring portrayal of women in sports.[25] When visiting the Boston Marathon, Switzer is glad to see other female runners:

{{quote|text=When I go to the Boston Marathon now, I have wet shoulders—women fall into my arms crying. They're weeping for joy because running has changed their lives. They feel they can do anything.|author=Kathrine Switzer |source=The Nation (2013)[26]}}

She was inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame in 2011 for creating a social revolution by empowering women around the world through running.[3] Since 1967, she has worked to improve running opportunities for women in different parts of the world.[27]

In 2015 Kathrine Switzer launched her global non-profit 261 Fearless with an ambassador program, club training system and events. 261 Fearless uses running as the means to empower women to overcome life obstacles and embrace healthy living.[28][29]

For the 2017 Boston Marathon, bib number 261, the same number Switzer was assigned in 1967, was assigned to her as "Switzer, Kathrine V." This marked the 50th anniversary of her historic marathon. She was placed in wave 1 and corral 1 and finished in 4:44:31.[30] Also in 2017, the Boston Athletic Association announced it would not assign bib number 261 to any future runners, as an honor for Switzer.[31] It was her ninth Boston Marathon. She was leading a team of runners from her nonprofit, 261 Fearless, Inc., which she hopes will connect and empower women through running. And rather than being the only official woman in the race like in 1967, she was joined by over 13,700 women—almost half of the total runners.[32]

Also in 2017, she ran the New York City Marathon, which marked the first time she had run it since 1974; she finished in 4:48:21.[33]

In May 2018, Switzer was the commencement speaker at the 164th commencement of Syracuse University,[34][35] and received an honorary doctorate of humane letters degree.[36]

Personal life

In 1968, Switzer married Tom Miller, the man who had shoved officials for her while running the Boston Marathon in 1967. They divorced in 1973. Switzer married and divorced public relations executive Philip Schaub.[37] She later married British-born runner and author Roger Robinson in 1987.[38][39]

Achievements

Representing the {{USA
1974New York City MarathonNew York, United States8th3:07:29[21]
1975Boston MarathonBoston, Massachusetts, United States2nd2:51:37[23]

References

1. ^{{cite news |url = http://www.germanroadraces.de/274-1-16454-kathrine-switzer-and-roger-robinson-visit-the.html |title = Kathrine Switzer and Roger Robinson visit the Berlin Sports Museum |last = Milde |first = Horst |date = June 2, 2010 |work = German Road Races e.V. |accessdate = March 19, 2013 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140308220723/http://www.germanroadraces.de/274-1-16454-kathrine-switzer-and-roger-robinson-visit-the.html |archive-date = March 8, 2014 |dead-url = yes |df = mdy-all }}
2. ^{{cite news |url = http://espn.go.com/espnw/more-sports/7803502/2012-boston-marathon-how-kathrine-switzer-paved-way-female-runners |title = How Kathrine Switzer paved the way |last = Lorge Butler |first = Sarah |date = April 12, 2012 |work = ESPN-W |accessdate = July 13, 2012 }}
3. ^1 2 3 {{cite news |last = Lodge |first = Denise |url = http://impowerage.com/not-too-late/active/kathrine-switzer-empowerment-through-running |title = Kathrine Switzer: Empowerment through Running |work = Impowerage Magazine |date = April 16, 2012 |access-date = May 10, 2012 }}
4. ^{{cite news |url = http://www.germanroadraces.de/274-0-27111-katherine-switzer-65-jahre-gratulation-der.html |title = Katherine Switzer 65 Jahre - GRATULATION der Laufpionierin! |last = Milde |first = Horst |date = January 5, 2012 |language = de |work = German Road Races e.V. |accessdate = March 19, 2013 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140329011408/http://www.germanroadraces.de/274-0-27111-katherine-switzer-65-jahre-gratulation-der.html |archive-date = March 29, 2014 |dead-url = yes |df = mdy-all }}
5. ^1 {{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/33160969|title=Boston Marathon : the first century of the world's premier running event|last=1949-|first=Derderian, Tom,|date=1996|page = 302 |publisher=Human Kinetics|isbn=0880114797|location=Champaign, IL|oclc=33160969}}
6. ^1 2 {{cite web |url = http://www.mediaed.org/assets/products/151/Kathy_Switzer.pdf |title = Lady With Desire to Run Crashed Marathon |date = April 23, 1967 |work = The New York Times |accessdate = November 2, 2014 |format = pdf |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20120306124858/http://www.mediaed.org/assets/products/151/Kathy_Switzer.pdf |archivedate = March 6, 2012 |df = mdy-all }}
7. ^{{cite web |last = Wulf |first = Steve |url = http://espn.go.com/espnw/news-commentary/article/12535055/original-roster |title = Supersisters: Original Roster |publisher = ESPN |date = March 23, 2015 |accessdate = June 4, 2015 }}
8. ^{{cite news |url = http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-08-22/women-shine-as-gender-barriers-continue-to-fall-us-army-rangers/6716888 |date = August 22, 2015 |publisher = Australian Broadcasting Commission |title = First women graduate from US Army Ranger School as gender barriers continue to fall |first = Jennifer |last = King |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20150822132200/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-08-22/women-shine-as-gender-barriers-continue-to-fall-us-army-rangers/6716888 |archivedate = August 22, 2015 }}
9. ^{{cite web |url = http://www.coolrunning.com/boston/results2.htm |title = BAA Marathon Results |publisher = }}
10. ^1 {{cite web |url = http://kathrineswitzer.com/about-kathrine/1967-boston-marathon-the-real-story/ |title = 1967 Boston Marathon: The Real Story - Kathrine Switzer - Marathon Woman |publisher = |access-date = March 8, 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170322150001/http://kathrineswitzer.com/about-kathrine/1967-boston-marathon-the-real-story/ |archive-date = March 22, 2017 |dead-url = yes |df = mdy-all }}
11. ^{{cite news |url = http://www.cnn.com/2017/04/17/us/boston-marathon-kathrine-switzer-trnd/index.html |title = 1st woman to officially run Boston Marathon to do it again 50 years later |last = Grinberg |first = Emanuella |publisher = CNN |access-date = April 17, 2017 }}
12. ^{{cite web |url = https://www.si.com/vault/1968/04/22/609806/angry-overseer-of-the-marathon |title = Angry Overseer Of The Marathon |work = Sports Illustrated |first = Myron |last = Cope |date = April 22, 1968 |accessdate = December 5, 2012 }}
13. ^{{cite book |last = Semple |first = Jock |first2 = John J. |last2 = Kelley |first3 = Tom |last3 = Murphy |year = 1981 |title = Just Call Me Jock: The Story of Jock Semple, Boston's Mr. Marathon |pages = 7, 114–118 |publisher = Waterford Publishing |isbn = 978-0942052015 }}
14. ^{{cite news |last = Concannon |first = Joe |date = April 5, 1987 |url = https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/boston/access/59480176.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current |title = 1967: Semple Meets Switzer. Versions vary but everyone remembers that infamous marathon |work = Boston Globe }}
15. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.espn.com/espnw/news-commentary/article/7803502/2012-boston-marathon-how-kathrine-switzer-paved-way-female-runners| title = How Kathrine Switzer paved the way| author = Sarah Lorge Butler| work = ESPNW| date = 2012-04-12| accessdate = 2017-03-27}}
16. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.runnersworld.com/runners-stories/kathrine-switzer-runs-the-boston-marathon| title = The Girl Who Started It All| work = Runner's World| date = 2007-03-06| accessdate = 2017-03-27}}
17. ^{{cite web| url = https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-17632029| title = Boston, 1967: When marathons were just for men| author = Kathrine Switzer| work = BBC| date = 2012-04-16| accessdate = 2017-03-27}}
18. ^{{cite web |url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fE2gQr7GYJE |title = MAKERS: Women Who Make America (Ep1) Awakening - PBS America |first = |last = PBSAmerica |date = August 15, 2013 |publisher = |via = YouTube }}
19. ^{{cite book |title = The Women's Book of World Records and Achievements |last = Romanelli |first = Elaine |editor-last = O'Neill |editor-first = Lois Decker |publisher = Anchor Press |year = 1979 |page = 576 |chapter = Women in Sports and Games |isbn = 0-385-12733-2 }}
20. ^{{cite web|url=http://kathrineswitzer.com/about-kathrine/1967-boston-marathon-the-real-story/|title=1967 Boston Marathon: The Real Story - Kathrine Switzer - Marathon Woman|publisher=|access-date=March 8, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170322150001/http://kathrineswitzer.com/about-kathrine/1967-boston-marathon-the-real-story/|archive-date=March 22, 2017|dead-url=yes|df=mdy-all}}
21. ^1 {{cite book |last = Switzer |first = Kathrine |title = Marathon Woman |publisher = Carroll & Graf |location = New York |year = 2007 |page = 270 |isbn = 978-0-7867-1967-9 }}
22. ^{{cite web |url = http://www.nyrr.org |title = Home |date = March 26, 2012 |publisher = }}
23. ^1 {{cite book |last = Switzer |first = Kathrine |title = Marathon Woman |publisher = Carroll & Graf |location = New York |year = 2007 |page = 290 |isbn = 978-0-7867-1967-9 }}
24. ^{{cite web |url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/the-state-of-nova/post/kathrine-switzer-boston-marathon-pioneer-started-running-in-fairfax-county-went-to-marshall-hs/2012/09/23/f1d80d12-0406-11e2-8102-ebee9c66e190_blog.html |title = Kathrine Switzer, Boston Marathon women's pioneer, started running in Dunn Loring, went to Marshall HS |author = Tom Jackman |work = Washington Post |date = September 23, 2012 |accessdate = March 27, 2017 }}
25. ^{{cite web |url = http://kathrineswitzer.com/author/books/ |title = Kathrine Switzer Website |accessdate = April 15, 2014 }}
26. ^{{cite journal|last=Zirin |first=Dave |title=The Boston Marathon: All My Tears, All My Love |journal=The Nation |date=April 15, 2013 |url=http://www.thenation.com/blog/173851/boston-marathon-all-my-tears-all-my-love |deadurl=no |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160115100141/https://www.thenation.com/article/boston-marathon-all-my-tears-all-my-love/ |archive-date=January 15, 2016 |df= }}
27. ^{{cite web |url = https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-17632029 |publisher = BBC News |date = April 16, 2012 |title = Boston, 1967: When marathons were just for men |accessdate = May 1, 2012 }}
28. ^{{cite web |url = https://www.runningusa.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=news.details&ArticleId=4269 |publisher = Running USA |date = October 20, 2015 |title = Kathrine Switzer Launches Global Non-Profit 261 Fearless, Inc. with an Ambassador Program, Club Training System and Events |accessdate = May 17, 2018 }}
29. ^{{cite web |url = http://www.261fearless.org/about-261 |title = About 261 Fearless |publisher = 261 Fearless|accessdate = May 17, 2018 }}
30. ^{{cite web |url = http://registration.baa.org/2017/cf/Public/iframe_EntryLists.cfm |title = B.A.A. Marathon 2017: Entry List |publisher = }}
31. ^{{cite web |url = http://www.miamiherald.com/latest-news/article144470079.html#storylink=cpy |title = Boston Marathon retires Bib No. 261 for women's pioneer |work = Miami Herald }}
32. ^{{cite web |url = http://www.newsweek.com/boston-marathon-kathrine-switzer-261-fearless-symbol-women-running-584645 |publisher = Newsweek |date = April 16, 2017 |title = The Boston Marathon: How Kathrine Switzer's 261 Became a Symbol for Women in Sports |accessdate = May 17, 2018 }}
33. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/kevin-hart-gets-serious-beats-tiki-barber-in-nyc-marathon/2017/11/05/6f321048-c287-11e7-9922-4151f5ca6168_story.html|title=Kevin Hart gets serious, beats Tiki Barber in NYC Marathon|website=Washington Post}}
34. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.syracuse.com/news/index.ssf/2018/03/kathrine_switzer_picked_to_be_syracuse_university_commencement_speaker.html|title=Kathrine Switzer picked to be Syracuse University commencement speaker|work=syracuse.com|access-date=2018-05-14|language=en-US}}
35. ^{{Cite news|url=https://news.syr.edu/2018/05/all-the-details-on-commencement-2018/|title=All the Details on Commencement 2018|work=SU News|access-date=2018-05-14|language=en-US}}
36. ^{{Cite news|url=https://news.syr.edu/2018/04/three-to-receive-honorary-degrees-at-2018-commencement/|title=Three to Receive Honorary Degrees at 2018 Commencement|work=SU News|access-date=2018-05-14|language=en-US}}
37. ^{{cite web |url = http://people.com/archive/when-avon-called-kathy-switzer-gave-up-the-marathon-to-organize-womens-racing-vol-11-no-21/ |title = When Avon Called, Kathy Switzer Gave Up the Marathon to Organize Women's Racing |work = People Magazine |date = May 28, 1979 }}
38. ^{{cite book |last = Switzer |first = Kathrine |title = Marathon Woman |publisher = Carroll & Graf |location = New York |year = 2007 |pages = 132–33, 203–04, 382–83 |isbn = 978-0-7867-1967-9 }}
39. ^{{cite web |url = http://www.courant.com/news/connecticut/hc-love-story-switzer-robinson-0928-20140919-story.html |title = Legendary Runners Slow Down Long Enough To Marry |last = Lynch |first = M.A.C. |date = September 30, 2014 |accessdate = August 22, 2015 |registration = yes }}

External links

{{Wikiquote}}
  • Kathrine Switzer website
  • Kathrine Switzer Non Profit Organisation 261 Fearless
  • Bettman Archives image of Semple and Switzer at the 1973 Boston Marathon
  • [https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1141740 Marathon Women] - Morning Edition, NPR (April 15, 2002)
  • [https://www.flickr.com/photos/athletemovie/3112655036/in/set-72157611313252644 Interview with "ATHLETE" (film) director David Lam]
  • Kathrine Switzer Documentary produced by Women Who Make America
{{1998 National Distance Running Hall of Fame inductees}}{{Footer New York Marathon Champions Women}}{{National Women's Hall of Fame}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Switzer, Kathrine}}

7 : American female long-distance runners|Boston Marathon|1947 births|Living people|New York City Marathon female winners|Sports Emmy Award winners|American feminists
随便看

　

开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。

　

Copyright © 2023 OENC.NET All Rights Reserved
京ICP备2021023879号 更新时间：2024/9/20 19:58:32