| 词条 | County Roscommon |
| 释义 |
|name = County Roscommon |other_name = {{Pad top italic|Contae Ros Comáin}} |image_flag = |image_shield = Roscommon COA.png |shield_size = 200px |image_skyline = Ireland 2009, Roscommon Castle ruins.jpg |image_caption = Roscommon Castle ruins |motto = Constans Hiberniae Cor{{spaces|2}}(Latin) "Steadfast Irish heart" |image_map = Island of Ireland location map Roscommon.svg |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = Ireland |subdivision_type1 = Province |subdivision_type3 = Dáil Éireann |subdivision_type4 = EU Parliament |subdivision_name1 = Connacht |subdivision_name3 = Roscommon–Galway |subdivision_name4 = Midlands–North-West |seat_type = County town |seat = Roscommon |government_type = County Council |area_total_km2 = 2548 |area_rank = 11th |population_total = 64,544 |population_density_km2 = auto |population_as_of = 2016 |population_footnotes = [1] |population_rank = 27th |unemployment_rate = |blank_name_sec1 = Vehicle index mark code |blank_info_sec1 = RN |website = {{URL|http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/}} }}County Roscommon ({{lang-ga|Contae Ros Comáin}}) is a county in Ireland. In the western region, it is part of the province of Connacht. It is the 11th largest Irish county by area and 27th most populous. Its county town and largest town is Roscommon. Roscommon County Council is the local authority for the county. The population of the county was 64,544 according to the 2016 census.[1] EtymologyCounty Roscommon is named after the county town of Roscommon. Roscommon comes from the Irish Ros meaning a wooded, gentle height and Comán, the first abbot and bishop of Roscommon who founded the first monastery there in 550 AD.[2] GeographyRoscommon is the eleventh largest of the 32 counties of Ireland by area and the fifth least-populous county in Ireland. It has an area of 984 square miles.[3] Lough Key in north Roscommon is noted for having thirty-two islands. The geographical centre of Ireland is located on the western shore of Lough Ree in the south of the county.[4] Roscommon is the third largest of Connacht's five counties by size and fourth largest in terms of population. The county borders every other Connacht county – Galway, Mayo, Sligo and Leitrim, as well as three Leinster counties – Longford, Westmeath and Offaly. In 2008, a news report said that statistically, Roscommon has the longest life expectancy of any county on the island of Ireland.[5] Seltannasaggart which is located along the northern border with County Leitrim is the tallest point in County Roscommon measuring to a height of 428 m (1,404 ft).[6]BaroniesThere are nine historical baronies in County Roscommon. North Roscommon
HistoryRathcroghan (Rath Cruachán), near Tulsk, a complex of archaeological sites, the home of Queen Medb (Méadhbh, Maeve), was the seat of Kings of Connacht and then to the High Kings of Ireland. This was the starting point of the Táin Bó Cúailnge, or Cattle Raid of Cooley, an epic tale in Irish mythology. The county is home to many prehistoric and British Iron Age ringforts like, Carnagh West Ringfort and Drummin fort. County Roscommon as an administrative division has its origins in the medieval period. With the conquest and division of the Kingdom of Connacht, those districts in the east retained by King John as "The King's Cantreds" covered County Roscommon, and parts of East Galway. These districts were leased to the native kings of Connacht and eventually became the county. In 1585 during the Tudor re-establishment of counties under the Composition of Connacht, Roscommon was established with the South-west boundary now along the River Suck. Medieval artA "well defined" and "original" fine metal workshop was active in County Roscommon in the 12th century. The Cross of Cong, the Aghadoe crosier, Shrine of the Book of Dimma and Shrine of Manchan of Mohill' are grouped together as having been created by Mael Isu Bratain Ui Echach et al., at the same Roscommon workshop.{{sfn|Ó Floinn|1987|pp=179-187}}{{sfn|Hourihane|2012|pp=225}}{{sfn|Edwards|2013|pp=147}}{{sfn|Karkov, Ryan, Farrell|1997|pp=269}} The workshop has been linked to St. Assicus of Elphin.{{sfn|Kelly|1902|pp=291-292}} Ordnance SurveyJohn O'Donovan (1806–1861), historian and scholar, visited County Roscommon in 1837, while compiling information for the Ordnance Survey. Entering St Peter's parish in Athlone in June 1837, he wrote, "I have now entered upon a region totally different from Longford, and am very much pleased with the intelligence of the people." However, he had major problems with place-names. He later wrote, "I am sick to death's door of lochawns, and it pains me to the very soul to have to make these remarks, but what can I do when I cannot make the usual progress? Here I am stuck in the mud in the middle of Loughs, Turlaghs, Lahaghs and Curraghs, the names of many of which are only known to a few old men in their immediate neighbourhood and I cannot give many of them utterance from the manner in which they are spelled."[7][8]Government and politics{{main|Roscommon County Council}}Roscommon is governed locally by the 26-member Roscommon County Council. For general elections, Roscommon forms part of the three-seat Roscommon–Galway constituency. Rail transportIarnród Éireann provides Roscommon with passenger and freight rail services. Many passenger services to Dublin use Heuston. Athlone is the interchange between the Dublin–Galway and Dublin–Westport services. There are also trains from Sligo on the Dublin–Sligo railway line serving two County Roscommon stations, at Boyle and Carrick-on-Shannon on the line to Dublin Connolly. SportGaelic football is the dominant sport in Roscommon. Roscommon GAA have won 2 All-Ireland Senior Football Championships in 1943 and 1944 and a National Football League Division 1 in 1979 and Division 2 in 2015 and 2018. Roscommon GAA play home games at Dr. Hyde Park. Roscommon has less success in hurling, their main hurling title was the 2007 Nicky Rackard Cup. Notable peopleIn order of birth:
See also
References1. ^1 {{cite web | url = http://census.cso.ie/sapmap2016/Results.aspx?Geog_Type=CTY31&Geog_Code=2AE19629149713A3E055000000000001 | title = Census 2016 Sapmap Area: County Roscommon | publisher = Central Statistics Office (Ireland) | accessdate = 18 October 2018}} 2. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.irishcentral.com/roots/what-do-irelands-county-names-mean-translations-of-the-irish-names-226474671-237781971|title=What do Ireland’s county names mean?|last=Walsh|first=Jane|date=2016-09-09|work=|newspaper=IrishCentral.com|access-date=2016-11-22|via=}} 3. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.irelandwide.com/regional/connaught/county_roscommon/coroscommon_main.htm|title=County Roscommon, Ireland|website=www.irelandwide.com|access-date=2016-11-22}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.osi.ie/en/faq/faq3.aspx |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2016-02-07 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120228155031/http://www.osi.ie/en/faq/faq3.aspx |archivedate=28 February 2012 |df= }} 5. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.rte.ie/news/2008/0812/health.html |title=Roscommon tops life expectancy study |date=12 August 2008 |work=RTÉ News |publisher=RTÉ Commercial Enterprises |location=Dublin |accessdate=19 August 2009 }} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://mountainviews.ie/summit/698/?PHPSESSID=87tvm76ra11k249hp2l55gf6b2|title=Seltannasaggart 428m hill, Arigna Mountains Ireland at MountainViews.ie|website=mountainviews.ie}} 7. ^Hunt, Roy, "Painful progress: the slow evolution of County Roscommon society, 1850-1914". Unpublished Thesis, 2010, NUIG p. 8. 8. ^John O' Donovan, "Letters containing information relative to the antiquities of the County of Roscommon, collected during the progress of the Ordnance Survey, 1837". p. 5. Special collections section, National University of Ireland, Galway, 2009, reproduced by Rev. Michael O'Flanagan, Bray 1927. Secondary references{{refbegin}}
|last=Ó Floinn |first=Raghnall |title=In Ireland and Insular Art A.D. 500–1200: Proceedings of a Conference at University College Cork, 31 October–3 November 1985 |edition=Schools of Metalworking in Eleventh- and Twelfth-Century Ireland |year=1987 |pages=179–187 |editor=Michael Ryan |publisher=Dublin: Royal Irish Academy, International Specialized Book Service Incorporated |url=https://books.google.com/?id=YMLpAAAAMAAJ |ref=harv|isbn=9780901714541 }}
|title=The Grove Encyclopedia of Medieval Art and Architecture |url=https://books.google.ie/books?id=FtlMAgAAQBAJ&pg=RA1-PA225 |volume=Volume 2 |last=Hourihane |first=Colum |page=225 |year=2012 |publisher=OUP USA |accessdate=12 October 2016 |ref=harv|isbn=9780195395365 }}
|title=The Archaeology of Early Medieval Ireland |last=Edwards |first=Nancy |url=https://books.google.ie/books?id=DuWF1fa8fA4C&pg=PA147 |year=2013 |publisher=Routledge |page=147 |accessdate=10 October 2016 |ref=harv|isbn=9781135951498 }}
|authorlink1=Catherine Karkov |last1=Karkov |last2=Ryan |last3=Farrell |first1=Catherine E. |first2=Michael |first3=Robert T. |title=The Insular Tradition: Theory and Practice in Transpersonal Psychotherapy |publisher=SUNY Press |year=1997 |url=https://books.google.ie/books?id=s_nTRyEtsAwC&pg=PA269 |page=269 |accessdate=10 October 2016 |ref=harv|isbn=9780791434567 }}
|last=Kelly |first=J. J. |title=The Irish Ecclesiastical Record, A monthly journal, under Episcopal Sanction |edition=Volume 11 XI |year=1902 |url=https://archive.org/download/IrishEcclesiasticalRecordV11-1902/IrishEcclesiasticalRecordV11-1902.pdf#page=291 |pages=291–292 |publisher=Dublin: Browne & Nolan, Limited, Nassau-Street |accessdate=10 October 2016 |ref=harv}}{{refend}} External links{{wikivoyage}}{{commons category}}
|North = County Sligo |West = County Mayo |Northeast = County Leitrim |Centre = County Roscommon |East = County Longford County Westmeath |South = County Galway |Southeast = County Offaly }}{{County Roscommon}}{{Ireland_counties}}{{coord|53|45|N|8|15|W|region:IE_type:adm1st_source:GNS-enwiki|display=title}} 4 : County Roscommon|Connacht|Counties of the Republic of Ireland|Local administrative units of the Republic of Ireland |
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