“Kenneth G. Ross”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Kenneth Graham Ross (born 4 June 1941) is an Australian playwright, screenwriter, and lyricist best known for writing the 1978 stage play Breaker Morant, that was based on the life of Australian soldier Harry "Breaker" Morant.

With the support of the South Australian Film Corporation this play was later adapted by Ross into a film of the same name in 1980.

The film was nominated for the 1980 Academy Award for the screenplay adapted from another source.

Early life

His great-grandparents were Hugh Ross (who arrived in Australia, as a free settler, at Van Diemen's Land in 1837) and Barbara Ross (née McKenzie), and George Beckton and Eliza Beckton (née Peirson, born in Mansfield, Victoria). His grandparents were John Ross (born at Kilmore, Victoria) and Adelaide Elizabeth Ross (née Beckton, born in Jamieson, Victoria). His parents were Kenneth McKenzie Ross (born in Mansfield, Victoria),^[1] and Alma Nora Ross (née Graham, born in Mansfield, Victoria). He has three children: Kendal, Kimberly, and Ian.

Ross attended Caulfield Grammar School in East St Kilda, Victoria,^[2] where one of his teachers recognised and strongly encouraged his creative writing talents.^[3] He also displayed strong debating skills whilst at school.

Ross was a tenacious and courageous Australian rules footballer who played well above his weight, and was a superb middle distance runner, excelling at the 880 yards (or half-mile), now the 800 metres.^[4]

After school

After several years, already convinced that he had the skill to become a creative writer, he decided that he should travel to the UK and Europe, in order to gain experience of the world and, hopefully, determine what kind of writing to which he would devote his energies.

To acquire sufficient funds to fund his explorations, he moved from Melbourne to Portland towards the end of 1961, and worked for his parents at Mac's Hotel, in Bentinck Street, Portland.^[5]

To Europe

In May 1963, he left for Italy on the SS Galileo Galilei, and on that voyage, he met and was befriended by the experienced Australian professional actress, Elaine Cusick, perhaps best known at the time for her performance in The One Day of the Year. She also acted intermittently as a mentor for Ross for many years.

Once he had reached Italy, disembarking at Genoa, he set off across the continent, arriving in the UK some four months later.

Stratford-upon-Avon

By chance, Ross returned from the continent to England in October 1963, and had reached Stratford-upon-Avon on his UK travels just in time to see the Royal Shakespeare Company's first performances of John Barton's three-part adaptation of Shakespeare's historical plays, now generally known as The Wars of the Roses, featuring, amongst others, Peggy Ashcroft, Roy Dotrice, Ian Holm, Brewster Mason, Donald Sinden, and David Warner.

Although he had studied Shakespeare at school, it was not until he saw Barton's trilogy that he apprehended just how brilliant Shakespeare was; and the overall experience of Barton's writing and the performances of the RSC had such an impact upon him, that he decided there and then to become a playwright.

In order, he thought, to gain inspiration for his writing career, he went again to Europe followed the pathway of Ernest Hemingway through France, and Spain, spending time in Paris, partaking in the Pamplona bull run (on 7 July 1964), etc.; and, whilst he gained a new understanding of Hemingway's literary accounts of his European experiences, he found himself wanting to go back to the UK, finish his business there, and return to Australia as soon as possible, work for a short while in his family's hotel in Portland, and then, having sufficient funds to do so, move to Melbourne, and earn his living as a journalist.

Adelaide

Having returned to Portland in 1964, he met a local girl, his first wife, Dawn Halliday, the daughter of Portland's Lord Mayor, Reuben H. Halliday. They were soon married and he remained in Portland, working hard in the family's hotel, until 1972, when, he began to understand that he was not as ideally suited to the hotel business as he had once thought, and that he really wanted to become a writer, and that writing was far more important to him than operating the ever more lucrative family business.

Despite the family's strong desire for him to stay in Portland and continue to operate the family's business, Ross, Dawn, Kendall and Kimberly, left for Adelaide and settled there. He was convinced that the isolation of knowing no-one in Adelaide, and the overall creative atmosphere that generally surrounded the Adelaide Festival of Arts, would allow him to pour all of his efforts into his writing.

As he was finding his feet as a writer, he supported his family by working for Frank Brady at his enterprise, P.J. Brady Billiard Tables. With the congenial atmosphere of Adelaide, and the financial security of working for Frank Brady, Ross's writing began to take off.

His first play, Don't Piddle Against the Wind, Mate was accepted (in 1977) by the Australian National Playwrights' Conference; and, at that conference, he met Ray Lawler, who invited him to breakfast, offered professional support, and introduced him to John Sumner. As a consequence of that introduction, John Sumner, soon agreed to direct Ross's second play, Breaker Morant.

Ken, Kenneth, or Kenneth G. Ross?

Ross, known as "Ken Ross" at school, had begun to write under the nom de guerre of "Kenneth Ross" to set himself apart from various other well-known creative Australians known as "Ken Ross".^[6]

More recently, however, Ross has written under the name of "Kenneth G. Ross" to avoid confusion with the Scottish/American Kenneth Ross who wrote the screenplays for the movies The Day of the Jackal and The Odessa File.^[7]

Breaker Morant: Play into Movie

Ross's play, Breaker Morant: A Play in Two Acts,^[8] which was first performed in 1978, was such a commercial and artistic success, that work started immediately to convert the script of the play into a screenplay.

Ross worked on the film as an advisor to the scriptwriters, and the film was entirely based on Ross's play.

The film was a top performer at the 1980 Australian Film Institute awards, with ten wins. It was also nominated for the 1980 Academy Award for the Best Writing (Screenplay Based on Material from Another Medium).

Legal action against Angus & Robertson

Once it became known that the film version of Breaker Morant was near release, the Australian publishing house Angus & Robertson re-issued an out-of-print, remaindered and not widely known 1973 novel, The Breaker, that had been written by Kit Denton.^[9]

It was issued with great gusto, with the original 1973 front cover, plus the factually incorrect announcement overlaid across one corner of the cover: "Soon to be made into a major film".^[10]

In 1980, Ross took legal action against Angus & Robertson in the Supreme Court of South Australia for re-issuing the 1973 book with the factually incorrect announcement on the cover. With the support of crucial evidence provided by the film's director Bruce Beresford, Ross won his case. Angus & Robertson withdrew the 1979 version of Denton's book from sale, and trashed all the remaining copies.

Another, "revised" version of Denton's book (minus the cover announcement, and with a picture of actor Edward Woodward on the cover) was issued by Angus & Robertson in 1980,^[12] which sold considerably more copies than his earlier, 1973 version.

Ross's emphatic legal victory did not receive a lot of publicity at the time; and many people today still labour under the misapprehension that it was Kit Denton's 1973 book that was the source for the movie.

Denton's 1984 account

In a 1984 interview conducted by Barry Renfrew, the Sydney bureau chief for Associated Press, Denton directly addressed the issue of whether the screenplay of Beresford's movie had been based, in any way, upon his earlier work.

The British-born Denton was most emphatic that in the process of his research in England for the project that eventually culminated in the publication of his novel, The Breaker, in 1973, he had met so much resistance from War Office officials to all of his attempts to identify, isolate, and view the pertinent official records that were associated with Morant, the charges laid against him, his trial, and his execution, that "after weeks of futile waiting, he [Denton] decided British officials were concealing the facts and he began to accept Australian claims that Morant had been sacrificed as a colonial subject".^[13]

In despair, Denton returned to Australia, and began to work on a screenplay about Morant.

No-one displayed any interest of any kind in developing Denton's proposed screenplay. However, the Sydney publisher, Angus & Robertson, suggested that some of his artistic effort might be rescued if he was able to re-work his screenplay into a novel. Denton substantially re-worked his screenplay into the book that was published in 1973.

In the 1984 interview, Denton was most emphatic that (a) he himself, (b) his earlier draft screenplay, and (c) his later novel "[were] not involved with the film [of Beresford in any way]".^[14]

Later work

After Ross had finished with his work as an advisor to the scriptwriters for the film Breaker Morant, his services were commissioned on numerous occasions by interested parties in Australia and the United States to write film treatments on their behalf; however, quite a few of these otherwise promising potential projects did not proceed due to the effects of the 2008–2012 global financial crisis on the film industry and its backers.

He wrote several scripts for episodes of the Australian television shows Carson's Law, and Rafferty's Rules.

He has also fully developed several other film scripts that have been purchased, but have not yet begun production; and, also, one of his fully developed film scripts (working title Sunburnt Heroes) is in pre-production.^[15]

He has also mentored several promising emerging writers, and has completed a manual for writers that is soon to be published.

He has completed a novel, a spy thriller, To Skin a Cat, which has been placed with a publisher; and as well, has returned to the stage, writing an entirely new play (working title L,V AND P), concerning Laurence Olivier, Vivien Leigh, and Peter Finch.^[16]

For a number of years he was the South Australian representative of the Australian Writers' Guild

Works

Drama

Musical play

Screenplays (film) advisor

Screenplays (film)

Screenplays (telemovies)

Other

See also

Notes

1. ^
2. ^As had the Fitzroy footballer, Presbyterian cleric, Western Australian soldier, controversial court-martial candidate, and Boer War casualty, Stanley Spencer Reid (1872–1901), seventy years earlier.
3. ^The late Mr. Don Wirth (1928–2014), himself a Caulfield Grammarian, who went on later to become Junior School Headmaster at Scotch College, Melbourne.
4. ^[https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=5gFQAAAAIBAJ&sjid=M5UDAAAAIBAJ&pg=3506%2C4378262 P. S. Sports Results, The Age, (Monday, 27 October 1958), p.18.]
5. ^They had held the License for the hotel since October 1955 Victuallers' Licenses, The Argus, (Tuesday, 18 October 1955), p.14.
6. ^As well as other famous individuals such as the champion cyclist, Ken Ross (1900–1974) {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091004113421/http://canberrabicyclemuseum.com.au/aust%20cyclists%20articles.htm#Ken |date= 4 October 2009 }}, Ken Ross the Fitzroy footballer, and Ken Ross the Melbourne jeweller.
7. ^For further information on others of the same name, see Kenneth Ross.
8. ^{{ISBN|0-7267-0997-2}}
9. ^Denton's book had been originally released in 1973: {{ISBN|0-207-14344-7}}. It is significant that Ross had no knowledge of any kind of even the existence of Denton's little-known-at-that-time and long-out-of-print book until at least the first stage performances of his own play had taken place in 1978.
10. ^{{ISBN|0-207-14065-0}}.
11. ^It has always been very clear that Kit Denton himself had no knowledge of, nor did he have any input into, the publisher's 1979 decision to assert that Denton's book had any sort of connection with the movie.
12. ^{{ISBN|0-207-14268-8}}
13. ^Renfrew, (1984).
14. ^Renfrew, (1984).
15. ^See Futerman Rose Associates' Biographical Entry: Kenneth Ross.
16. ^See Futerman Rose Associates' Biographical Entry: Kenneth Ross.
17. ^The playscript is held by the Hanger Collection, Fryer Library, University of Queensland Library.
18. ^The playscript is held by the Hanger Collection, Fryer Library, University of Queensland Library.
19. ^[https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=iv5jAAAAIBAJ&sjid=f-YDAAAAIBAJ&pg=2870%2C6245391 Amusements, Jane St. Theatre, Don't Piddle Against the Wind, Mate, The Sydney Morning Herald, (Wednesday, 20 July 1977, p.14.)]
20. ^Playscript in the Hanger Collection, Fryer Library, University of Queensland; also published as Ross, K.G., Breaker Morant: A Play in Two Acts, Edward Arnold, (Melbourne), 1979. {{ISBN|0-7267-0997-2}}.
21. ^[https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=4qopAAAAIBAJ&sjid=k5IDAAAAIBAJ&pg=4736%2C666513 Morris, C., "Show Scene: Daredevil Horseman and Poet", The Age, (Thursday, 2 February 1978), p.19.]
22. ^A copy of the programme for this play is held in the Special Collections Division of the Adelaide University Library.
23. ^The playscript is held by the Hanger Collection, Fryer Library, University of Queensland Library.
24. ^[https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=A9RQAAAAIBAJ&sjid=0OYDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6625%2C3761743 Amusements: Nimrod Theatre], The Sydney Morning Herald, Monday, 10 March 1980, p.14.
25. ^This play, although completed by Ross in 1983, has never been performed in public.
26. ^A copy of the programme is held by the Performing Arts Collection of South Australia.
27. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.buzz.better.net.au/When%20its%20all%20happening%20-%20Overview.htm |title=Its World Premiere was held at Byron Bay on 19 November 1999 |access-date=24 January 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060828125433/http://www.buzz.better.net.au/When%20its%20all%20happening%20-%20Overview.htm |archive-date=28 August 2006 |dead-url=yes |df=dmy-all }}
28. ^[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0088055/ Internet Movie Database:The Schippan Mystery (1984).] It was one of four titles in the "Verdict" series on ABC TV (the four were "The Dean Case", "The Amorous Dentist", "The Schippan Mystery", and "Who Killed Hannah Jane?"): Synopsis: In 1902 Bertha Schippan, 13, was savagely murdered in Towitta, South Australia; her elder sister was condemned as the murderer. Public sympathy saved her from the hangman's noose. Did she do it to escape a harsh and spartan family life?
29. ^Ross (1979), pp.7–8.
30. ^Ross, (1990).
31. ^Ross, (2002).