“Khaibar-1”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Khaibar-1 ({{lang-ar|خيبر-1}}), also known as the Khyber-1, the M-302,^[1] or the B-302^[1] is a Syrian-made 302 mm^[2] unguided artillery rocket. It is best known for being used by Hezbollah against targets in northern Israel during the 2006 Lebanon War, and has also been used in the Syrian Civil War. It is essentially a clone of the Chinese WS-1 rocket.^[3]

The Khaibar-1 is significant because the rocket has a 100 km range,^[4]^[5] longer than the BM-21 Grad rockets that make up most of the Hezbollah rocket force. It uses a unique Syrian-designed launcher and possibly a cluster munition^[6] or fragmentation warhead.^[7]^[8] The rocket is easily recognizable by its fixed tail fins.

The rocket is often misidentified as Iranian^[9]^[10] or as a variant of Iranian Fajr-3^[7] or Fajr-5 rockets.^[11]

Usage

The rocket's first use was being fired at the Israeli city of Afula during the 2006 Lebanon War. In early August 2006, Khaibar-1 rockets were reported to hit Beit Shean, about 70 km south of the Lebanese border,^[12] Hadera,^[13] and Haifa, Israel's third-largest city.^[14]

Origin of the name

Khaibar, also spelled Khaybar, is an oasis approximately 95 miles east of Medina, which was once the largest Jewish settlement in Arabia. The name was chosen as a reminder of the Battle of Khaybar, a battle that took place in 629 between Muhammed and his followers against the Jewish people who inhabited the settlement. The name of the rocket was first revealed on July 28, 2006 by Hezbollah leader Hassan Nasrallah in a speech on Al-Manar television station.

See also

References

1. ^William M. Arkin, Divining Victory: Airpower in the 2006 Israel-Hezbollah War (2007) p. 35 {{ISBN|978-1585661688}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.defense-update.com/analysis/lebanon_war_5.htm |title=Hezbollah's Rocket Blitz - by David Eshel |publisher=Defense Update |date=2006-10-29 |accessdate=2013-10-19}}
3. ^¹²{{cite web|url=http://armamentresearch.com/assessment-of-the-khaibar-1-rockets-captured-by-the-idf/|title=Assessment of the Khaibar-1 Rockets Captured by the IDF|author=Yuri Lyamin and N.R. Jenzen-Jones|date=March 12, 2014|publisher=Armament Research Services}}
4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3288617,00.html |title=Police: Missile fired at Hadera - Israel News, Ynetnews |publisher=Ynetnews.com |date=1995-06-20 |accessdate=2013-10-19}}
5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.jpost.com/LandedPages/PrintArticle.aspx?id=254251 |title='Hezbollah has long-range surface-to-air missiles' |publisher=Jpost.com |date=2012-01-19 |accessdate=2013-10-19}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://militaryedge.org/armaments/302mm-khaibar/|title=302mm Khaibar (M-302)|date=28 October 2013|publisher=Foundation for Defense of Democracies}}
7. ^¹William M. Arkin, Divining Victory: Airpower in the 2006 Israel-Hezbollah War (2007) p. 34 {{ISBN|978-1585661688}}
8. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.hrw.org/reports/2007/iopt0807/5.htm|title=Civilians under Assault: Hezbollah'ss Rocket Attacks on Israel in the 2006 War: Hezbollah’s Arsenal|author=|date=|publisher=Human Rights Watch}}
9. ^Anthony H. Cordesman, Martin Kleiber. Iran's Military Forces and Warfighting Capabilities (2007) {{ISBN|978-0-89206-501-1}} p.60-61
10. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.technologyreview.com/s/406282/the-missiles-of-august/|title=The Missiles of August|first=Mark Williams|last=Pontin|publisher=}}
11. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.ffi.no/no/Rapporter/09-00179.pdf|title=The Rocket Artillery Reference Book|date=30 June 2010|publisher=Norwegian Defence Research Establishment (FFI)|isbn=978-82-464-1829-2|first=Ove|last=Dullum}}
12. ^{{cite web|url=http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1154525808035&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull |archive-url=https://archive.is/20120708184904/http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1154525808035&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull |dead-url=yes |archive-date=2012-07-08 |title=JPost | French-language news from Israel, the Middle East & the Jewish World |publisher=Fr.jpost.com |date=2013-10-15 |accessdate=2013-10-19 }}
13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3286401,00.html |title=For first time: Hizbullah targets Hadera area - Israel News, Ynetnews |publisher=Ynetnews.com |date=1995-06-20 |accessdate=2012-11-07 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080629231904/http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0%2C7340%2CL-3286401%2C00.html |archivedate=2008-06-29 |df= }}
14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3290729,00.html |title=Record number of rockets hit north; 80 hurt - Israel News, Ynetnews |publisher=Ynetnews.com |date=1995-06-20 |accessdate=2012-11-07}}
15. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/1.603957 |title=Hamas firing long-range M-302 rockets at Israel, capable of 150-km distance |publisher=Haaretz |date= |accessdate=2014-07-09}}