| 词条 | Khidir Hamza |
| 释义 |
| name = Khidir Hamza | native_name = خضر حمزة | native_name_lang = | image = | image_size = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date|mf=yes|1939|1|18}} | birth_place = Kingdom of Iraq | death_date = | death_place = | nationality = Iraqi | alma_mater =
| thesis_title = 'Coulomb Forces in the Three Body Problem' | thesis_url = | thesis_year = 1969 | known_for = Iraqi Nuclear programme | website = | field = Nuclear Physics | students = | work_institutions =
| prizes = | religion = Shia Islam }} Khidir Hamza ({{lang-ar|خضر حمزة}}) is an Iraqi atomic scientist who worked for Saddam Hussein's nuclear programme in the 1980s and early 1990s. Following the Gulf War, he left Iraq in 1994 and went into exile in the United States. He provided testimony to Western intelligence agencies suggesting that Hussein's weapons of mass destruction programmes were active and ongoing. However, since the 2003 invasion of Iraq, most, if not all of his information on the Nuclear Weapons program have been widely discredited, and former UNSCOM inspectors insist that he was never part of the Nuclear Program at all. EducationDr. Hamza first came to the United States in the 1960s, attending the Massachusetts Institute of Technology after being recommended by Abdul Jabbar Abdullah, a prominent Iraqi scientist and an alumnus of MIT himself. He later attended Florida State University, obtaining a degree in nuclear physics. He intended to stay permanently in America, but following the 1968 coup, Khidir heard about how families of relatives living overseas were arrested and reportedly tortured. Fearing for his parents and threats from Mossad and the PLO for turning down an offer to develop nuclear bombs for the PLO (the person who approached him for the job was allegedly assassinated by the Mossad in 1978 in Paris), he applied for his return. Iraqi Nuclear ProgramUpon his return to Iraq in 1970, he began work on nuclear research and nuclear weaponry. He has claimed that he had persuaded Saddam Hussein into starting a nuclear weapons program, brought Iraq in the IAEA, was in charge of the purchase, construction, and operation of the Osirak reactor and the surrounding Baghdad Nuclear Research Facility (better known by its Iraqi name, Al Tuwaithia), by 1981, was in charge of Iraq's nuclear weapons programme (succeeding Hussain al-Shahristani). By the Gulf War he claimed he was able to complete work a stable bomb capable of being used on Israel, although it was too large to fit on a missile (he claimed it was 4 feet in diameter, about the size of Fat Man), and it never had the nuclear core. Post-War CareerAfter the Gulf War, in response to Saddam Hussein's increasing restrictions on scientists, Dr. Hamza left Iraq and defected to the United States. In 2000 he co-authored the book Saddam's Bombmaker: The Daring Escape of the Man Who Built Iraq's Secret Weapon with Jeff Stein ({{ISBN|0-684-87386-9}}). In testimony before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee in 2002, Dr. Hamza stated that Iraq possessed more than ten tons of uranium, and one ton of slightly enriched uranium, which he claimed was enough to allow them to build three nuclear weapons by 2005. This testimony, and other statements by Dr. Hamza, were used by the United States government as part of their justification for the 2003 invasion of Iraq. Dr. Hamza's credentials and testimony have been challenged by others who dispute his knowledge of Iraq's nuclear programme. Imad Khadduri, a former scientist with the Iraqi Atomic Energy Commission, accused Hamza of exaggerating "to a great extent his own role in the nuclear weapon program." Hussein Kamel al-Majid, son-in-law of Saddam Hussein, who defected to Jordan in 1995, described Hamza as "a professional liar." David Albright, a former nuclear weapons inspector in Iraq, stated "Hamza had some good information about Iraqi nuclear programs until his departure from Iraq, but that's it." In 2002, Scott Ritter, a long-time colleague of Albright heavily criticized the Bush administration and Media outlets for using the testimony of Hamza as a rationale for invading Iraq;
References1. ^{{cite news| url = http://www.northcountrypublicradio.org/news/ritter.html |title=The Iraqi Threat: How Real Is It? | accessdate = 2011-01-06 | date = October 2002}} External links
11 : Living people|Iraqi scientists|Iraqi nuclear physicists|People of the Iraq War|Iraq and weapons of mass destruction|Iraqi emigrants to the United States|Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni|Florida State University alumni|Iraqi defectors|Iraqi fraudsters|1939 births |
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