“Khuzestani Arabic”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条

Khuzestani Arabic

释义

Phonology
Vowels Consonants
References

{{Infobox language
|name=Khuzestani Arabic
|states=Iran
|speakers=?
|familycolor=Afro-Asiatic
|fam2=Semitic
|fam3=Central Semitic
|fam4=Arabic
|fam5=Mesopotamian Arabic
|fam6=Gelet Mesopotamian Arabic
|script=Arabic alphabet
|isoexception=dialect
|glotto=none
|map=Árabe juzestaní.png
}}Khuzestani Arabic is a dialect of Gelet (Southern) Mesopotamian Arabic spoken by the Iranian Arabs in Khuzestan Province of Iran. It has had a long history of contact with Persian language, leading to several changes.^[1] The main changes are in word order, noun–noun and noun–adjective attribution constructions, definiteness marking, complement clauses, and discourse markers and connectors.^[1]^[2]

Khuzestani Arabic is only used in informal situations. It is not taught in school, not even as an optional course, although Modern Standard Arabic is taught.^[1]

Phonology

Vowels

Consonants

Even in the most formal of conventions, pronunciation depends upon a speaker's background.^[3] Nevertheless, the number and phonetic character of most of the 28 consonants has a broad degree of regularity among Arabic-speaking regions. Note that Arabic is particularly rich in uvular, pharyngeal, and pharyngealized ("emphatic") sounds. The emphatic coronals ({{IPA|/sˤ/}}, {{IPA|/dˤ/}}, {{IPA|/tˤ/}}, and {{IPA|/ðˤ/}}) cause assimilation of emphasis to adjacent non-emphatic coronal consonants.{{citation needed|date=September 2008}} The phonemes {{IPA|/p/}} ⟨پ⟩ and {{IPA|/v/}} ⟨ڤ⟩ (not used by all speakers) are only occasionally considered to be part of the phonemic inventory, as they exist only in foreign words and they can be pronounced as {{IPA|/b/}} ⟨ب⟩ and {{IPA|/f/}} ⟨ف⟩ respectively depending on the speaker.^[4]^[5]

Khuzestani Arabic consonant phonemes
		Labial	Dental	Denti-alveolar		Palatal	Velar	Uvular	Pharyngeal	Glottal
		Labial	Dental	plain	1\|1	Palatal	Velar	Uvular	Pharyngeal	Glottal
Nasal		m}}	n}}
Stop	voiceless	p}})	t̪\|t}}	tˤ}}	k}}	ʔ}}
Stop	voiced	b}}	d̪\|d}}	dˤ}}	g}}
Fricative	voiceless	f}}	θ}}	s̪\|s}}	sˤ}}	ʃ}}	{{IPA link\|x}} ~ {{IPA link\|χ}}		ħ}}	h}}
Fricative	voiced	v}})	ð}}	z̪\|z}}	ðˤ}}	{{IPA link\|ɣ}} ~ {{IPA link\|ʁ}}		ʕ}}
Affricate	voiceless	f}}	θ}}	s̪\|s}}	sˤ}}	tʃ}}	{{IPA link\|x}} ~ {{IPA link\|χ}}		ħ}}	h}}
Affricate	voiced	d͡ʒ}}
Tap		ɾ}}
Approximant		l}}	ɫ}})	j}}	w}}

Phonetic notes:

{{IPAslink|p}} and {{IPAslink|v}} occur mostly in borrowings from Persian, and may be assimilated to {{IPA|/b/}} or {{IPA|/f/}} in some speakers.
{{IPA|/ɡ/}} is pronunciation of /{{IPA|q}}/ in Khuzestani Arabic and the rest of southern Mesopotamian dialects.
The gemination of the flap /ɾ/ results in a trill /r/.

References

1. ^¹²Khuzestani Arabic: a case of convergence
2. ^{{cite thesis|last=Shabibi|first=Maryam |url=https://www.librarysearch.manchester.ac.uk/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=44MAN_ALMA_DS21145389230001631&context=L&vid=MU_NUI&search_scope=BLENDED&tab=local&lang=en_US|id={{EThOS|uk.bl.ethos.529368}}|title=Contact-induced grammatical changes in Khuzestani arabic|publisher=University of Manchester|year=2006|degree=PhD}}
3. ^{{Harvcoltxt|Holes|2004|p=58}}
4. ^Teach Yourself Arabic, by Jack Smart (Author), Frances Altorfer (Author)
5. ^Hans Wehr, Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic (transl. of Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart, 1952)

4 : Arabic languages|Mashriqi Arabic|Languages of Iran|Mesopotamian Arabic

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