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词条 Kim Nasmyth
释义

  1. Early life and education

  2. Career and research

     Awards and honours 

  3. Personal life

  4. References

{{EngvarB|date=July 2017}}{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}{{Infobox scientist
| name = Kim Nasmyth
| native_name_lang =
| image = File:KimNasmyth.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = Kim Nasmyth in October 2017
| birth_name = Kim Ashley Nasmyth
| birth_date = {{birth date and age |df=yes|1952|10|10}}[1]
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates =
| other_names =
| residence = Oxford, United Kingdom[2]
| citizenship =
| nationality = British[2]
| fields = molecular biology, gene regulation, cell cycle control
| workplaces = {{Plainlist|
  • University of Oxford
  • Research Institute of Molecular Pathology}}

| patrons =
| alma_mater = {{Plainlist|
  • University of York (BSc)
  • University of Edinburgh (PhD)}}

| thesis_title = DNA replication in Schizosaccharomyces pombe
| thesis_url = https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/606123690
| thesis_year = 1977
| doctoral_advisor = Murdoch Mitchison[4][5]
| academic_advisors =
| doctoral_students =
| notable_students =
| known_for = Cohesin
| influences =
| influenced =
| awards = {{Plainlist|
  • EMBO Member (1985)
  • Wittgenstein-Preis (1999)
  • Gairdner Foundation International Award (2007)
  • Louis-Jeantet Prize for Medicine (1997)[1]
  • Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences (2018)}}

| signature =
| signature_alt =
| website = {{URL|https://www.bioch.ox.ac.uk/research/nasmyth}}
| footnotes =
| spouse = {{marriage|Anna Dowson|1982}}[1]
| children = Two[1]
| honorific_suffix = {{postnominals|country=GBR|FRS|FMedSci|size=100%}}
| death_cause =
| education = Eton College
| partner =
}}

Kim Ashley Nasmyth {{postnominals|country=GBR|FRS|FMedSci}}[9] (born 18 October 1952)[2] is an English geneticist, the Whitley Professor of Biochemistry at the University of Oxford, a Fellow of Trinity College, Oxford, former scientific director of the Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), and former head of the Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford.[3][4] He is best known for his work on the segregation of chromosomes during cell division.

Early life and education

Nasmyth was born in London in 1952 of James Ashley (Jan) Nasmyth and Jenny Hughes.[2][5] His father Jan was doubly descended from King Charles II and founder of the billion dollar publishing company Argus Media.[6][5][7] He attended Eton College, Berkshire, then the University of York, where he studied Biology.[2] Nasmyth went on to complete his graduate studies in the group of Murdoch Mitchison at the University of Edinburgh. Here he worked on the cell cycle alongside Paul Nurse[8] and his PhD thesis focused on the control of DNA replication in fission yeast.[9] In Mitchison's lab he made substantial contributions to the study of the cell cycle in fission yeast isolating and characterising cell cycle mutants and the first identification of a gene product (DNA ligase) in these mutants.[10]

Career and research

Nasmyth joined Ben Hall's lab in Seattle as a postdoctoral researcher where he developed ways of cloning genes by complementation in yeast and, in collaboration with Steve Reed, cloned the CDC28 gene from the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.[8]

As a group leader in Cambridge Nasmyth became interested in the phenomenon of mating-type switching in yeast. Together with Kelly Tatchell he cloned the S. cerevisiae mating-type locus and found, surprisingly, that 'silent' copies of the mating-type genes including their promoters are maintained in the yeast chromosome. This represented the first case where the position of a gene in the chromosome had demonstrable biological significance, and prompted Nasmyth to abandon work on the cell cycle for a time and concentrate instead on studying gene silencing.[8] He was one of the first to demonstrate that gene expression can be regulated through specific control elements which are distant from the start of transcription.[10]

Max Birnstiel invited Nasmyth to join him at the then newly founded Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP) in Vienna, Austria, where he was director. Nasmyth became one of the first three senior group leaders that Birnstiel recruited in 1986.[11] At the IMP, Nasmyth changed his focus from gene silencing back to cell cycle control. In the mid-1990s Nasmyth co-discovered the APC/C and showed that its activity induces chromosome segregation.[12] Using temperature-sensitive mutants of the APC/C he found several genes which are required for sister chromatid cohesion[13] which we now know encode subunits of the cohesin complex. Nasmyth has since shown that cohesin forms a ring,[14] that sister chromatids are held together within this ring[15] and that they are released by cleavage of cohesin by separase.[16] Following Max Birnstiel's retirement, Nasmyth became scientific director of the IMP in 1997.[17]

In 2006, Nasmyth left the IMP to become head of the Department of Biochemistry of the University of Oxford, a post he held until 2011. Nasmyth continues to head a research group at this department. He is a member of the Advisory Council for the Campaign for Science and Engineering.[18][19][20] His research has been funded by the Medical Research Council (MRC), the Wellcome Trust, and Cancer Research UK.[21][22][23][24] He plans to retire from research in 2022.[23]

Awards and honours

Nasmyth has also been awarded the following:

{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
  • 1985 Member of the European Molecular Biology Organization
  • 1989 Elected a Fellow of the Royal Society[25]
  • 1995 FEBS Silver Medal [41]
  • 1996 Unilever Science prize [41]
  • 1997 Louis-Jeantet Prize for Medicine[26]
  • 1999 Wittgenstein-Preis[27]
  • 1999 Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences[41]
  • 2002 Croonian lecture/Medal of the Royal Society [41]
  • 2003 Boveri award for Molecular Cancer Genetics [28]
  • 2007 Gairdner Foundation International Award[28]
  • 2009 Elected a Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences (FMedSci)[29]
  • 2018 Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences[30]
{{div col end}}

Personal life

Nasmyth married Anna Dowson, daughter of Sir Philip Dowson, in 1982[31] and has two daughters.[2] He enjoys skiing and climbing,[3] a hobby to which he attributes his theory of how cohesin works.[32][33] He also co-owns a vinyard in the south of France.[34] Nasmyth held a large number of shares in his fathers billion dollar company Argus Media until its purchase by General Atlantic in 2016.[35][36] In 2014 he was appointed director of Badger Lane Management company.[37] During his time in Vienna, Nasmyth became Austrian citizen.[38]

References

1. ^[https://www.jeantet.ch/en/prix-louis-jeantet/laureats/1997-en/professeur-kim-a-nasmyth/ Louis-Jeantet Prize]
2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{Who's Who | surname = Nasmyth | othernames = Prof. Kim Ashley | id = U29204 | year = 2016 | author = Anon| edition = online Oxford University Press|doi=10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.29204}} {{subscription required}}
3. ^1 {{Cite journal| author = Anon | doi = 10.1038/nj6980-350c| title = Movers: Kim Nasmyth, Whitley chair of biochemistry, University of Oxford, UK| journal = Nature| volume = 428| issue = 6980| pages = 350| year = 2004}}
4. ^{{Cite journal | pmid = 7954792| year = 1994| author1 = Schwob| first1 = E| title = The B-type cyclin kinase inhibitor p40SIC1 controls the G1 to S transition in S. Cerevisiae| journal = Cell| volume = 79| issue = 2| pages = 233–44| last2 = Böhm| first2 = T| last3 = Mendenhall| first3 = M. D.| last4 = Nasmyth| first4 = K | doi=10.1016/0092-8674(94)90193-7}}
5. ^1 {{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/3205027/Jan-Nasmyth.html|title=Jan Nasmyth|date=2008-10-15|access-date=2017-12-05|language=en-GB|issn=0307-1235}}
6. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.thepeerage.com/p7804.htm#i78034|title=Person Page|website=www.thepeerage.com|access-date=2017-12-05}}
7. ^{{Cite web|url=https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/peerage-news/AeDaZvHV8g8|title=James Ashley (Jan) Nasmyth (1918-2008)|last=|first=|date=|website=groups.google.com|access-date=2017-12-05}}
8. ^1 2 3 {{Cite journal|last=Tebb|first=Graham|year=1998|title=Kim Nasmyth: the universal truth|journal=Current Biology|volume=8|issue=8|pages=R257–R258|doi=10.1016/S0960-9822(98)70165-4}}
9. ^1 {{cite thesis|degree=PhD|publisher=University of Edinburgh|title=DNA replication in Schizosaccharomyces pombe|first= Kim|last=Nasmyth|date=1977|url=https://www.era.lib.ed.ac.uk/handle/1842/15490|id={{EThOS|uk.bl.ethos.659887}}|website=lib.ed.ac.uk|oclc=606123690|hdl=1842/15490}} {{free access}}
10. ^1 {{Cite web|url=https://collections.royalsociety.org/DServe.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqDb=Catalog&dsqCmd=show.tcl&dsqSearch=%2528RefNo==%2527EC%252F1989%252F22%2527%2529|title=DServe Archive Catalog Show|website=collections.royalsociety.org|access-date=4 March 2016}}
11. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.imp.ac.at/about/history/ |title=History of the IMP |access-date=29 November 2017}}
12. ^{{Cite journal|last=Irniger|first=S.|last2=Piatti|first2=S.|last3=Michaelis|first3=C.|last4=Nasmyth|first4=K.|date=21 April 1995|title=Genes involved in sister chromatid separation are needed for B-type cyclin proteolysis in budding yeast|journal=Cell|volume=81|issue=2|pages=269–278|issn=0092-8674|pmid=7736579|doi=10.1016/0092-8674(95)90337-2}}
13. ^{{Cite journal|last=Michaelis|first=C.|last2=Ciosk|first2=R.|last3=Nasmyth|first3=K.|date=3 October 1997|title=Cohesins: chromosomal proteins that prevent premature separation of sister chromatids|journal=Cell|volume=91|issue=1|pages=35–45|issn=0092-8674|pmid=9335333|doi=10.1016/s0092-8674(01)80007-6}}
14. ^{{Cite journal|last=Gruber|first=Stephan|last2=Haering|first2=Christian H.|last3=Nasmyth|first3=Kim|date=21 March 2003|title=Chromosomal cohesin forms a ring|journal=Cell|volume=112|issue=6|pages=765–777|issn=0092-8674|pmid=12654244|doi=10.1016/s0092-8674(03)00162-4}}
15. ^{{Cite journal|last=Gligoris|first=Thomas G.|last2=Scheinost|first2=Johanna C.|last3=Bürmann|first3=Frank|last4=Petela|first4=Naomi|last5=Chan|first5=Kok-Lung|last6=Uluocak|first6=Pelin|last7=Beckouët|first7=Frédéric|last8=Gruber|first8=Stephan|last9=Nasmyth|first9=Kim|date=21 November 2014|title=Closing the cohesin ring: structure and function of its Smc3-kleisin interface|journal=Science |volume=346|issue=6212|pages=963–967|doi=10.1126/science.1256917|issn=1095-9203|pmc=4300515|pmid=25414305}}
16. ^{{Cite journal|last=Uhlmann|first=F.|last2=Wernic|first2=D.|last3=Poupart|first3=M. A.|last4=Koonin|first4=E. V.|last5=Nasmyth|first5=K.|date=27 October 2000|title=Cleavage of cohesin by the CD clan protease separin triggers anaphase in yeast|journal=Cell|volume=103|issue=3|pages=375–386|issn=0092-8674|pmid=11081625|doi=10.1016/s0092-8674(00)00130-6}}
17. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.imp.ac.at/about/management/ |title=IMP Management |access-date=29 November 2017}}
18. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.sciencecampaign.org.uk/about/who/advisory.htm |title=Advisory Council of the Campaign for Science and Engineering |access-date=11 February 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100828110110/http://www.sciencecampaign.org.uk/about/who/advisory.htm |archivedate=28 August 2010 |df= }}
19. ^{{Cite journal | pmid = 9990856| pmc = 316435| year = 1999| author1 = Tóth| first1 = A| title = Yeast cohesin complex requires a conserved protein, Eco1p(Ctf7), to establish cohesion between sister chromatids during DNA replication| journal = Genes & Development| volume = 13| issue = 3| pages = 320–33| last2 = Ciosk| first2 = R| last3 = Uhlmann| first3 = F | authorlink3 = Frank Uhlmann| last4 = Galova| first4 = M| last5 = Schleiffer| first5 = A| last6 = Nasmyth| first6 = K | authorlink6 = Kim Nasmyth | doi=10.1101/gad.13.3.320}}
20. ^{{Cite journal | pmid = 10827941| year = 2000| author1 = Nasmyth| first1 = K | authorlink1 = Kim Nasmyth| title = Splitting the chromosome: Cutting the ties that bind sister chromatids| journal = Science | location = New York, N.Y.| volume = 288| issue = 5470| pages = 1379–85| last2 = Peters| first2 = J. M.| last3 = Uhlmann| first3 = F | authorlink3 = Frank Uhlmann | doi=10.1126/science.288.5470.1379}}
21. ^{{cite web|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150603074107/http://gtr.rcuk.ac.uk/person/A9E1B72E-2DD5-4A2F-A14A-33E4DA7D7439|archivedate=3 June 2015|url=http://gtr.rcuk.ac.uk/person/A9E1B72E-2DD5-4A2F-A14A-33E4DA7D7439|title=UK Government research grants awarded to Kim Nasmyth|publisher=Research Councils UK|location=Swindon}}
22. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/science/research/who-and-what-we-fund/browse-by-location/oxford/university-of-oxford/kim-nasmyth-573|title=Kim Nasmyth : Cancer Research UK|date=2015-11-15|access-date=2017-12-05|deadurl=bot: unknown|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151115213259/http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/science/research/who-and-what-we-fund/browse-by-location/oxford/university-of-oxford/kim-nasmyth-573|archivedate=15 November 2015|df=dmy-all}}
23. ^1 {{Cite web|url=https://www.trinity.ox.ac.uk/professor-of-biochemistry-wins-wellcome-trust-award/|title=Trinity College – Professorial Fellow wins Wellcome Trust award|last=Oneltd|website=www.trinity.ox.ac.uk|language=en|access-date=2017-12-05}}
24. ^{{Cite news|url=http://scienceblog.cancerresearchuk.org/2008/10/27/lord-of-the-rings-cohesin-and-cancer/|title=Lord of the Rings – Cohesin and cancer|work=Cancer Research UK - Science blog|access-date=2017-12-05}}
25. ^1 {{cite web|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117013901/https://royalsociety.org/people/kim-nasmyth-11997/|archivedate=17 November 2015|url=https://royalsociety.org/people/kim-nasmyth-11997/|title=Professor Kim Nasmyth FMedSci FRS|publisher=Royal Society|location=London}}
26. ^de médecine 1997 and Travaux de recherche {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160130224140/http://www.jeantet.ch/fr/soutien-a-la-recherche-europeenne/prix-louis-jeantet/laureats.php?year=1997&laureat=42 |date=30 January 2016 }}
27. ^Wittgensteinpreis-Träger 1999 Univ. Prof. Dr. Kim Ashley Nasmyth {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150608183659/http://wittgenstein-club.at/1999Nasmyth.htm |date=8 June 2015 }}
28. ^1 2 3 4 5 http://2009.the-embo-meeting.org/89.html
29. ^https://acmedsci.ac.uk/fellows/fellows-directory/ordinary-fellows/fellow/Professor-Kim-Nasmyth-0009002
30. ^[https://breakthroughprize.org/Laureates/2 Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences 2018]
31. ^{{Cite web|url=http://libgallery.cshl.edu/items/show/45949|title=CSHL Archives Repository {{!}} Invitation to the marriage of Kim Nasmyth and Anna Dowson|website=libgallery.cshl.edu|language=en-US|access-date=2017-12-04}}
32. ^{{Cite web|url=http://time.com/5044056/breakthrough-prize-winners-nasa-science/|title=These 12 People Are Changing Science|website=Time|access-date=2017-12-05}}
33. ^{{Citation|last=Breakthrough|title=LIVE - Morgan Freeman hosts the Breakthrough Prize {{!}} Nat Geo Live|date=2017-12-03|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sul1OZrtMgI|accessdate=2017-12-04}}
34. ^{{Cite web|url=http://lemazelet.com/?page_id=54|title=Le Mazelet {{!}} Le Mazelet|website=lemazelet.com|language=en-US|access-date=2017-12-05}}
35. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/banksandfinance/privateequity/12103655/Family-owners-of-Argus-Media-in-line-for-500m-payout-from-sale.html|title=Family owners of Argus Media in line for £500m payout from sale|last=Williams|first=Christopher|date=2016|access-date=2017-12-05|language=en-GB|issn=0307-1235}}
36. ^{{Cite web|url=https://beta.companieshouse.gov.uk/company/01642534/filing-history|title=ARGUS MEDIA LIMITED - Annual return made up to 7 June 2016 with full list of shareholders|last=|first=|date=|website=beta.companieshouse.gov.uk|language=en|access-date=2017-12-05}}
37. ^1 2 {{Cite web|url=https://beta.companieshouse.gov.uk/officers/5oBKhtC9zc5vdff1C5_1Y1d_YEg/appointments|title=Kim NASMYTH - Personal Appointments (free information from Companies House)|website=beta.companieshouse.gov.uk|language=en|access-date=2017-12-05}}
38. ^https://derstandard.at/2000073805924/Kim-Nasmyth-Gluecklicher-Held-einer-Wiener-Erfolgsgeschichte
{{Breakthrough Prize laureates}}{{FRS 1989}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Nasmyth, Kim}}

10 : British biochemists|Fellows of the Royal Society|People educated at Eton College|Fellows of Trinity College, Oxford|Members of the European Molecular Biology Organization|Living people|1952 births|Whitley Professors of Biochemistry|Alumni of the University of Edinburgh|Breakthrough Prize winners
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