| 词条 | Kinetite | ||||||
| 释义 |
It is an orange coloured, plastic mass, with the characteristic strong smell of nitro-benzol.[2] It was manufactured by dissolving gun cotton in nitrobenzene.[1] Developed as a safer alternative to dynamite, its manufacture and manipulation were claimed to be without danger as it required a very high temperature to ignite and, under ordinary circumstances be exploded by heat alone when unconfined.[2] Instead, it detonated only under shock, and then only the part exposed to concussion.[3] Largely manufactured in Germany, it was introduced to Australia in 1885 by Thomas Wilkins.[4] In the same year it was reported to be both £5 per ton cheaper than dynamite, and more efficient for mining operations: In sinking a shaft, a given weight of dynamite enabled {{convert|1.7|m}} to be sunk in 114 shifts, and with the same weight of kinetite {{convert|1.6|m}} were sunk in 94 shifts.[4][5] SafetyIt was largely unaffected by short immersion in water, when immersion was prolonged however the chlorate dissolved out, leaving a practically non-explosive residue. However, if exposed to moist and dry air alternately, the chlorate crystallised out on the surfaces rendering the explosive very sensitive.[2] In testing however it was found to be extremely sensitive to combined friction and percussion, and could be readily ignited by a glancing blow with wood. Found also to be chemically unstable, it was known to ignite spontaneously both in the laboratory and in a magazine.[2] A report of the French commission on the use of explosives in the presence of fire-damp in mines concluded that "The presence of chlorate of potash makes this substance too dangerous, for its use to be recommended."[6] CompositionThe principle of the mixture was the enveloping of each particle of the salts in an elastic jelly composed of hydrocarbons and nitrogen. The jelly additionally supplied material to the explosion.[5] An 1887 analysis gave the following composition:[7][8]
References1. ^1 {{cite book|title=Scientific American: Supplement|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QPM8AQAAIAAJ|volume=27|year=1889|publisher=Munn and Company|quote="Kinetite (the name no doubt from , "I move") was patented by T. Petrey and O. Fallenstein (their English patent is No. 10,936, August 6, 1884). As described in their specification, kinetite is made by dissolving gun cotton in nitrobenzene"}} Q15982768{{explosive-stub}}2. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite book|last1=Cundill|first1=J. P.|last2=Thomson|first2=J. H.|title=A dictionary of explosives|url=https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofexpl00cundrich|accessdate=4 February 2014|edition=Second|year=1895|publisher=HM Stationery Office|location=London|pages=80–81}} 3. ^{{cite news|url=http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=ODT18850819.2.40.9&dliv=&e=-------10--1----0--|title=(untitled)|date=19 August 1885|work=Otago Daily Times|publisher=Robert Nobel Adams|page=4|accessdate=4 February 2014|location=Dunedin, New Zealand}} 4. ^1 {{cite news|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2997155|title=A New Explosive|date=10 April 1885|work=The West Australian|publisher=A. Davidson, for the West Australian|page=3|accessdate=4 February 2014|location=Perth, Western Australia}} 5. ^1 {{cite news|url=http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=THA18850309.2.17|title=(untitled)|date=9 March 1885|work=The Thames Advertiser|volume=XVI|issue=5112|page=3|accessdate=4 February 2014|location=Thames, New Zealand}} 6. ^{{cite book|last1=France. Commission des Substances Explosives|last2=North of England Institute of Mining and Mechanical Engineers|authorlink2=North of England Institute of Mining and Mechanical Engineers|title=Report of the (French) commission on the use of explosives in the presence of fire-damp in mines ...|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C_lYAAAAYAAJ|accessdate=4 February 2014|year=1890|publisher=Lambert and Co., Ltd.}} 7. ^{{cite journal|year=1887|title=A monthly record for all interested in chemical manufactures|journal=Journal of the Society of Chemical Industry|volume=6|issue=1|pages=1–53|issn=0368-4075|doi=10.1002/jctb.5000060101}} 8. ^{{cite book|last=Sanford|first=P. Gerald|title=Nitro-Explosives: A Practical Treatise|url=https://archive.org/details/nitroexplosivesp00sanfrich|accessdate=4 February 2014|edition=Second|year=1906|publisher=Crosby Lockwood and Son|location=London}} 2 : Explosives|1884 introductions |
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